Objective To study the pathologic changes of the gallbladder in rabbits with calculous cholecystitis and the causes of gallstone recurrence after choleystolithotomy. Methods Twenty- four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups:(1) normal control group (n=5);(2) operative control group(n=5);(3) stone-implanted(S-I) group (n=6),and (4)stone- removed(S-R) group(n=8).The human cholesterol gallstones were implanted into the rabbit gallbladder in stone-implanted and stone- removed rabbits,The pathologic change of the gallbladder was observed by light microscopy 3 months before and after cholecystolithotomy. Results (1)The wet weight of gallbladder in the S-R group [ (1.1?0.06)g] was significant higher than that in S-I group [(0.515?0.1)g] (P0.05);(3)Sever chronic cholecystitis was 33.3% in S-I group 87.5% and in S-R group(P

Objective To detect the expression of orphan nuclear receptor RORC gene and the level of serum interleukin-17 in acute lung injury (ALI) rats, and to explore the effects and possible regulation mechanisms of helper T lymphocyte 17 (Th17) in the ALI.Methods Twenty four SD male rats were randomly assigned to three groups, control group, model group, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamates (PDTC) prevention group.The rats in model group and PDTC prevention group were intravenously injected LPS (6 mg/kg) for inducing ALI.The PDTC prevention group had been intraperitoneally injected PDTC (120 mg/kg) thirty minutes before LPS injection.All rats were killed twelve hours after LPS injecttion.The lung wet/dry weight ratio was measured.Lung pathologic tissue scored after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stain.The expression of alveolar macrophages (AM) nuclear factor-KBP65 (NF-κBP65) was detected by immunohistochemistry.The level of serum IL-17 was detected by ELISA method.The expression of AM orphan nuclear receptor RORC gene was determined by SYBR Green Ⅰ real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results Compared with control group.the lung wet/dry weight ratio.lung pathologic tissue score, the expression of AM NF-κBP65.the level of serum IL-17 and the expression of AM orphan nuclear receptor RORC gene were significantly increased (P < 0.05).However, compared with model group, these changes were prevented in PDTC prevention group.Conclusions Th17 might participate in the pathological process of ALI.Activation of NF-кB might influence RORC gene expression, induce Th17 differentiation, and elevate the level of serum IL-17.

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AIM: To explore the expressions and significance of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin and epidermal growth factor homology domains-2 (Tie-2) receptors in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI). METHODS: Wistar rats (n=42) were divided into control group (n=12) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group (n=30). Control group underwent sham operation, and CLP group underwent cecal ligation and puncture to make the model of ALI. 12 h after sham operation or CLP, 6 rats in each group were killed, and arterial blood gas analysis and lung coefficient were tested. The expressions of Ang-2 and Tie-2 receptors in lung tissue were observed by immunohistochemical method. Blood samples of the rest rats were collected from vena caudalis, and Ang-2 levels were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mortality rate in each group within 36 h was compared. The lung architecture was observed under microscope. RESULTS: The lung architecture in control group was clear and intact. Alveolar septum was thicker, blood capillary was congested, and neutrophils and macrophages were infiltrated in the lung tissue in CLP group. Tie-2 receptors were expressed in bronchial epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in control group. Besides the similar expression as control group, high expression of Tie-2 on neutrophils and macrophages in CLP group was observed. In the adhesion location of Tie-2 receptors positive inflammatory cells, there was stronger staining in endothelial cells. Ang-2 was expressed in smooth muscle cells, bronchial epithelial cells and endothelial cells in control group. The Ang-2 level in CLP group were higher than that in control group [(8.14±1.74) μg/L vs (4.63±0.49) μg/L, P<0.01], and the Ang-2 level of dead rats was higher than that of survival rats within 36 h in CLP group [(8.95±1.61)μg/L vs (6.80±0.96)μg/L, P<0.01]. Oxygen partial pressure in control group was lower (P<0.01) and lung coefficient was higher (P<0.01) than that in CLP group. CONCLUSION: Ang-2 and Tie-2 receptors may participate in the pathophysiology of ALI, and Ang-2 level is correlated with mortality.

Objective To explore the anti-inflammation, pain-relieving and bleeding-stopping effects of Veronicastrum sibiricum and its potential to be a medicinal resource of Radix clematidis.Methods Total of 120 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, including the Veronicastrum sibiricum water extract (1.5, 1.0, 0.5 g·mL-1) groups, Radix clematidis water extract (1.0 g·mL-1) group, the 0.9% sodium chloride solution group and 2% aspirin solution group.The mouse hot-plate test and writhing test were carried out to evaluate the analgesic effect.The anti-inflammation effect was observed by the xylene-attracted swelling of the mouse's ears.The bleeding time of the breaking mouse's tails was used for studying hemostatic effect.Results The Veronicastrum sibiricum could significantly increase the pain threshold of mice in hot plate.At the same dosage, the Veronicastrum sibiricum reducing the writhing times of mice was similar to Radix clematidis.Auricle swelling inhibition rate was 5.72% higher than Radix clematidis (P<0.05);The mouse tail bleeding time was 7.6% shorter than Radix clematidis (P<0.05).Conclusion The Veronicastrum sibiricum shows similar analgesic effect to Radix clematidis,and more strong hemostatic and anti-inflammation effects than Radix clematidis.

ObjectiveTo explore the physical growth and development conditions of the disabled children (except physical disability) aged 7～18 in Guangzhou and Dongying.MethodsA census was carried out among disabled children aged 7～18 in Guangzhou and Dongying. The physical growth and development condition was analyzed through height and weight of the disabled children.ResultsHeight and weight of the disabled children were both lower, compared with physically healthy children. The rate of thinness was 12.61% among the boys and 12.54% among the girls of the disabled children, the rate of growth retardation was 31.41% among the boys and 34.94% among the girls of the disabled children.ConclusionDisabled children aged 7～18 are in bad condition of physical growth and development. The rates of thinness and growth retardation are high among boys and girls with disability.

Objective To evaluate the emergency repair method and its effect for treatment of extensive avulsion injury of the lower extremity in the elderly patients.Methods From May 2008 to February 2015,11 patients aged over 60 years sustaining large avulsion injury (across the knee or ankle joint) of the lower limb in traffic crushes were treated by emergency debridement and one-stage repair with the procedures of autologous skin replantation,arteriovenous anastomosis and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD).Two patients sustained injury to both lower limbs,and nine patients sustained a unilateral injury.Effect of wound repair was evaluated with skin flap survival area.Active and passive motility of the knee and ankle were recorded at postoperative 24 h.Results One patient with multiple fracture and extensive muscular inactivity due to severe crush injury to the lower limbs had poor blood supply after the replantation and was amputated at postoperative 24 h.The remaining ten patients with large skin avulsion showed 90％ of the avulsed skin survived after operation.At the follow-up of 3-24 months,the ten patients showed no obvious pigmentation or scar tissue,were satisfied with the function recovery in knee (106°-110° in flexion and 0°-5°in extension) and ankle joint (15°-20°in dorsiflexion and 30°-35° in plantar flexion),and could walk freely,including excellence outcomes in 3 patients and good outcomes in 6 patients.Conclusion The emergency repair methods including autologous skin replantation,arteriovenous anastomosis and VSD combined with one-stage in situ repair can attain satisfactory clinical effect.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed modular flexible ureteroscope with holmium laser lithotripsy for the treatment of renal calculi based. Methods 40 patients were treated with modular flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (German Polydiagnost) with holmium laser. 40 patients were treated by traditional flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Their therapeutic effects were compared. Results For modular flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy group, 37 patients underwent successful operation, with lithotripsy with operation time of (86.0 ± 34.4) min and postoperative hospital stay of (5.3 ± 1.6) days. No severe complication including ureteral perforation, high fever or severe bleeding occurred. One month after the operation, KUB and B-ultrasonography showed complete stone free in 35 patients. Residual calculi (0. 4 cm in diameter) in the calyces were found in 2 patients. Medication and postural drainage therapy were applied. Two weeks later , KUB and B-ultrasonography showed that the residual stones have been removed completely. There was no significant differences in stone size , operation time, rate of calculus clearance, the incidence of postoperative complications, operating time and duration of postoperative hospitalization between the traditional flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy group and modular ureteroscopic lithotripsy group. Conclusions The modular flexible ureteroscope is effective and safe in treating reanl calculi. It has similar surgical efficacy as traditional flexible ureteroscope , but is more costly effective in terms of maintenance costs.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and technical points of anatomical liver resection by trans-Glisson Sheath methylene blue staining in treatment of hepatolithiasis of right posterior lobe.Methods The clinical data of 12 cases of hepatolithiasis of right posterior lobe treated with anatomical liver resection by Glisson sheath methylene blue staining were retrospectively analyzed.Result 6 of 12 patients had undergone more than 2 previous biliary surgeries.All patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT scan and portography,hepatolithiasis of segment Ⅵ in 4 cases,right posterior lobe in 8 cases,accompanied by left lateral lobe bile duct stones in 2 cases,the right caudate lobe bile duct stones in 1 case.Methylene blue was injected into the portal vein,the methylene blue interface of segment Ⅵ or right posterior lobe displays well.Methylene blue interface was larger than the ischemia interface,which is in accordance with the anatomy.Along the methylene blue interface,hepatic resection was performed including right posterior lobe resection (n =9),segment Ⅵ resection (n =3),and combined with left lateral lobe resection (n =2) and the right caudate lobe resection (n =1).There was no postoperative mortality.Incision infection occurred in 5 cases,4 had right pleural effusion and 2 had a biliary fistula that were treated conservatively.With a mean follow-up period of 3.2 years,all patients are symptoms free and stone free.Conclusions Anatomical liver resection by methylene blue staining is a safe and effective treatment for hepatolithiasis of right posterior lobe.

Objective To construct lentiviral vector carrying rat′s calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) gene for the following-up study on the function of CGRP .Methods CGRP gene segment was subcloned into shuttle plasmid ,become Puc57-CGRP .The pLenO-DCE-CGRP expression vector was be constructed by double digests .The pLenO-DCE-CGRP and 4 auxiliary packaging plas-mids were co-transfected into 293T cells .Cells were cultured for 48 hours .The supernant was collected and concentrated ,and then the viral titers were tested by multiple proportions dilution method and flow cytometer .The expression levels of CGRP were detec-ted in CGRP-modified 293T cells by Real-time PCR .Results The results of digestion and sequencing show that the pLenO-DCE-CGRP vector was constructed successfully .The titer of the lentiviral particles was 5 .1 × 108 TU /mL .Conclusion The high-titer lentvirus vector containing CGRP gene is constructed successfully ,which lay a foundation for transfecting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and studying the function of CGRP .