OBJECTIVE:To study the preparation and in vitro dissolution of ethyl pepper solid dispersion. METHODS:Sol-vent-melting method was adopted. Using polyethylene glycol 6000(PEG-6000)as carrier,the effects of different drug-loading ratios (1∶1,1∶5,1∶7,1∶10,1∶15,1∶18,1∶20)on the dissolution of ethyl pepper solid dispersion was invesigated. The stability of crude drug ethyl pepper at 85℃was determined. Furthermore,differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction meth-od were used to identify the existence of ethyl pepper in the solid dispersion. RESULTS:The dissolution of ethyl pepper could be improved by mixing ethyl pepper and PEG-6000 in a ratio of 1∶15,and the preparation was maintained stable at 85 ℃. The drugs part of ethyl pepper-PEG-6000 solid dispersions existed in the form of amorphous or molecular. CONCLUSIONS:The dissolution of ethyl pepper solid dispersion can be improved significantly by mixing ethyl pepper and PEG-6000 (1∶15),and the dispersion keeps stable at 85℃. The study can provide reference for further study of the preparation technology of ethyl pepper preparation.

Objective:To investigate an effective paradigm to test false belief understanding for the Autism. Method:By comparing the multimedia animation presentation and the traditional presentation, 20 autistic children's false belief understanding was analyzed as well as the normal children's.Results:Animation presentation was really helpful to both groups, especially for the children with autism. The performance might be underestimated due to the application of the traditional presentation in false belief tasks.Conclusion:The autistic children's theory of mind can be measured much closer to the truth if the more apt tasks are considered.

Objective To investigate the ability of theory of mind use in elders,and determine the role of inhibitory control in the use of theory of mind. Methods The participants included 30 young-old people ,30 oldold people and 30 young people. Their ability of theory of mind use and inhibitory control were examined with The Referential Communication Task and Hayling Sentence Completion Test,respectively. Results The correct rate of referential communication task was significantly lower in old-old people (0.43 ± 0.32) than those of young-old people (0.69 ±0.24, P=0. 001 ) and young people (0. 77 ±0. 25, P＜0. 001 ). Partial correlation analysis showed that the total errors in Hayling Test-B was negatively correlated with the correct rate of Referential Communication Task ( r= -0.442, P＜0.001 ). Hiberarchy regression analysis showed that the total errors in Hayling Test-B entered the equation ( β = -0.451, P＜0. 001 ) and could independently explained 16.8% of the variance (△R2 = 0. 168, △F = 19.359, P ＜ 0.001 ) after controlling for age. Conclusion Old-old people show worse performance in the use of theory of mind. The impairment of inhibitory control can partly explain the decline of theory of mind use in old-old people.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been improving the industrial process from uniform pipeline production procedure in manufacture into individualized production with distributed network. 3D printing technique also provokes these changes in the field of medicine, especially in orthopedics, stomatology and radiology. The role of 3D printing technique has been increasingly highlighted in tumor radiotherapy. Current studies and application mainly focus on personalized tissue compensato (bolus), brachytherapy (high-dose post-loading and particle implantation therapy), 3D printing personalized phantom and individualized fixtures, etc. In this article, research progresses on the application of 3D printing technique in radiotherapy at home and abroad were reviewed.

Objective To explore the pediatric emergency medical mode in critical ill children by pediatrics specialty and nurses,using equipments of ICU for adults in second class general hospital. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the effect of establishing the pediatric observation unit in the adult observationdistrict and the prognosis and disease spectrum of pediatric critical patients in our emergency ICU in the past five years. Results 5 076 pediatric patients had been admitted to the emergency observation unit accounting for 3.40% of outpatient yearly. There were 464 critically ill children,accounting for 9. 14% of children into the observation unit,251 cases (54. 09%) were transported to other hospitals,35 cases (7.54%) were admitted to emergency ICU due to transport high-risk, 14 cases required ventilator support. The disease spectrum based mainly on childhood accident,including trauma,poisoning and drowning,etc. The other major diseases were severe infection and fulminant myocarditis. After the treatment such as stopping bleeding, respiratory supporting ,correcting shock, and maintaining the function of important organs,77. 14 % were improved or recovered. The survival rate of children with mechanical ventilation was > 85%. Conclusion In our country,the pediatric emergency medical service system is inadequate. The critical illness treatment model of using the advantages of equipments and nurse' s team of adult ICU in second class general hospital ,combining with pediatrician trained in PICU is feasible and consistents with our national conditions.

Nealy 80% cerebral palsy infant are accompanied with speech obstacle at different degree, which always lead to intelligent and communication difficulties, much attention should be paid on special training. This arcle will introduce the four main aspects types of speech obstacle, the reason of speech obstable, the examination and evaluation of speech obstacle, and treatment of speech obstacle.

Poly ( aniline_luminol ) composite nanowires were synthesized by chemical oxidation using ammonium peroxydisulfate. In contrast to the maximum fluorescence emitting wavelength of luminol at 425 nm, the maximum fluorescence emitting wavelength of the polymeric luminol in the composite nanowires was red shifted to 465 nm obviously. The poly ( aniline_luminol) composite nanowires were modified on graphite electrode surface by drop coating, forming a stable poly ( aniline_luminol ) composite nanowires film. The composite nanowires film modified electrode presented favorable electrochemiluminescence ( ECL ) performances, and the ECL response could be enhanced by hydrogen peroxide. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the modified electrode provided a linear range of 5. 0×10-9-1. 0×10-5 mol/L for the detection of hydrogen peroxide with a detection limit of 2 ×10-9 mol/L.

Objective To compare the effects of platelet rich fibrin(PRF)and concentrated growth factors(CGF)using Schwann cells as a pe?ripheral nerve model. Methods A total of 10 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 55 were randomly selected,and 10 mL venous blood was collected un?der aseptic conditions to prepare PRF and CGF. The cells were randomly divided into three groups,control group,PRF group and CGF group. The cell morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. The secretion of nerve growth factor in supernatant was detected by enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Results There was no significant difference of the morphology of cells in each group as observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. MTT results showed that the absorbance values of PRF group and CGF group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The secretion of nerve growth factor in the supernatant were significantly increased(P<0.05). The number of cells in S+G2M phase was significantly increased(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between PRF group and CGF group. Conclusion Both PRF and CGF can promote proliferation of Schwann cells and increased the amount of nerve growth factor secretion ,but there is no significant difference between PRF and CGF in terms of improving cell proliferation and promoting nerve growth factor secretion.

Objective:To investigate the effects of enflurane on antioxidant ability in ischemic preconditioned rat hearts in vitro. Method:Ninety-six SD rat hearts were perfused with Langendorff device. All hearts were randomly allocated to four groups:Control, enflurane group receiving 40 min of enflurane (1.5MAC),ischemic preconditioning group undergoing two 5-min ischemia and 10-min reperfusion, enflurane + ischemia group receiving enflurane (1.5MAC) for 10 min before ischemia preconditioning procedures. All groups underwent 25-min ischemia and 30-min reperfusion. Left ventricular pressure (LVP), heart rats (HR)and ischemic contracture pressure (ICP) were monitored. Myocardial superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malodialdehyde(MDA)were measured before ischemia, 15min following ischemia and 30 min following reperfusion. Result: Treated groups had better myocardial functional recovery of contractility compared to control groups,with preconditioning being better than enflurane (P