Objective:To study the characteristics of hearing loss caused by local microcirculatory disorders in the cochlea basal turn near termination of guinea pigs.Method:The local microcirculatory disorders in the cochlea basal turn near termination of guinea pigs were caused by photochemical reaction;morphological changes were observed by light microscope;the CAP N1 amplitude,CAP N1 latency and CAP N1 threshold shift which were evoked by short tone burst were recorded by Madsen 2250.Result:Morphological changes showed that histopathological changes were located in the basal turn near termination of cochlea.The CAP N1 amplitude,CAP N1 latency and CAP N1 threshold shift showed that the hearing loss was remarkable in the high-range frequencies.Conclusion:If the local microcirculatory disorders in the cochlea basal turn near termination take place,the hearing losses are more remarkable in the high-range frequencies.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Calcium dobesilate (calcium dihydroxy-2, 5-benzenesulfonate) has been widely used to treat chronic venous insufficiency and diabetic retinopathy, especialy many clinical studies showed that calcium dobesilate as vasoprotective compound ameliorates renal lesions in diabetic nephropathy. However, there are few literatures reported calcium dobesilate in the treatment of chronic renal alograft dysfunction after renal transplantation. OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of calcium dobesilate on chronic renal dysfunction after renal transplantation. METHODS:A total of 152 patients with chronic renal alograft dysfunction after renal transplantation were enroled from the Military Institute of Organ Transplantation, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. They were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=78) and the control group (n=74). Patients in the treatment group received 500 mg of calcium dobesilate three times daily for eight weeks. Al patients were treated with calcineurin inhibitor-based triple immunosuppressive protocols and comprehensive therapies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For patients receiving calcium dobesilate, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid decreased significantly at two weeks after treatment and maintained a stable level (P < 0.05). However, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen returned to the original level soon after drug withdrawal. No significant difference was observed in blood cel count, liver function, blood lipids, electrolytes, blood pressure and 24-hour urine output between the two groups before and after therapy (P > 0.05). Administration of calcium dobesilate did not change the general condition of patients with renal insufficiency, nor did it affect blood concentrations of the immunosuppressive agents. Calcium dobesilate may help to delay the progress of graft injury in patients with chronic renal graft dysfunction by conjugating with creatinine, ameliorating the impaired microcirculation and its antioxidant property. The decline in serum creatinine aleviates patients’ anxiety and concern arising from the elevation of creatinine. However, the negative interference with serum creatinine caused by calcium dobesilate should be cautious in order to avoid misjudgment of patients’ condition.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value in breast nodules with ultrasontic scoring.Methods Benign and malignant breast nodules were studied with ultrasonic scoring and compared with pathologic results.Results The 2D-ultra-sontic scoring and total ultrasontic scores of benign breast nodular lesions had significant difference compared to malignant breast nodular lesions (P<0.01).Ultrasontic scores of malignant breast nodular lesions were higher than those of benign breast nodular lesions (P<0.01).According to the ROC curve and Youden index,2D-ultrasonic scores ≥11 could be considered as the critical point for the diagnosis of malignant breast nodular lesions,the total ultrasonic scores ≥12 could be considered as the critical point for diagnosis of malignant breast nodular lesions.Conclusion Ultrasonic scoring for breast nodular lesions may be useful for improving the diagnosis accuracy of the benign and malignant breast nodular lesions.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of “Shamrock” ultrasound images?guided lumbar sympathetic ganglion blockade ( LSGB) . Methods Sixty patients of both sexes, aged 18-60 yr, weighing 50-70 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical statusⅠorⅡ, undergoing unilater?al LSGB, were divided into groupⅠ ( n=30) and group Ⅱ ( n=30) using a random number table. In group Ⅰ, unilateral LSGB was performed at the L2 level under ultrasound guidance with paramedian trans?verse scanning. In groupⅡ, unilateral LSGB was performed at the L2 level under ultrasound guidance with“Shamrock” ultrasound images. After final needle position was confirmed, 2% lidocaine 6?0 ml was ad?ministered in each patient. At 20 min before and after LSGB, the visual analogue scale scores and skin temperature of the big toe of the affected foot were recorded, and the successful blockade and visibility of important paravertebral structures on ultrasound images were recorded during puncture. Results The visu?al analogue scale scores were significantly lower, and the skin temperature on the affected side was signifi?cantly higher after LSGB than before LSGB in both groups ( P<0?05) . The important paravertebral struc?tures such as erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, psoas major, transverse process of L2 vertebrae, and the curved edge of L2 vertebrae were visible in both groups. The visibility rate of the inferior vena cava or ab?dominal aorta on ultrasound images and the success rate of blockade were significantly lower in group Ⅰthan in group Ⅱ (P<0?01). Conclusion Compared with paramedian transverse scanning, LSGB has some advantages such as real?time monitoring, higher success rate of blockade, better efficacy and avoiding damage to great vessels when performed under “Shamrock” ultrasound image guidance.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between TIMP-1 gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of chronic periodontitis(CP) in Han Cantonese. Methods: Buccal swabs from 70 CP patients and 74 periodontal healthy controls were collected. DNA was extracted from these buccal swabs by using Chelex-100. TIMP-1 +372T/C (rs4898)、TIMP-1+533C/T (rs1062849) polymorphisms were tested by polymerase chain reaction - restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Allele distribution and genotypes frequencies in the patients and controls were analyzed. Results: Frequency variance of allele T and C at site of TIMP-1 +372 in patients and controls showed no statistical difference. TIMP-1+533C/T polymorphism of TIMP-1 hadn't been found in the present study. Conclusion: There is no relationship between TIMP-1 +372T/C polymorphism and susceptibility of chronic periodontitis, and TIMP-1 +533C/T polymorphism doesn' t exist among Han Cantonese.

ObjectiveTo verify the efficacy and safety of conversion from cyclosporine (CsA) to tacrolimus (Tac) in renal transplant recipients. MethodsThe clinical data of conversion from CsA to Tac in renal transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. In 97 patients undergoing kidney transplantation, there were 62 cases of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), 21 cases of refractory renal allograft rejection, 8 cases of hepatic impairment, and 6 cases of gingival overgrowth and hirsutism. The patients were followed up with renal function, hepatic function, blood fat, pressure,glucose,acute rejection incidence, patients/kidney survival rate,and adverse drug reaction for 3 years.ResultsThe renal function of patients with CAN and refractory acute rejection was greatly improved after conversion from CsA to Tac treatment at the first year (P＜0. 05) ,and steady at the 2nd or 3rd year. The conversion treatment could greatly improve the hepatic function of patients with dysfunction of liver, improve the gum hypertrophy and hypertrichosis results from CsA. The 1- and 3-year patients/kidney survival rate after conversion from CsA to Tac was 100 ％/97. 9 ％ and 100 ％/92. 8 ％, respectively. The conversion treatment showed a significantly lower degree of plasma cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, and blood pressure (P ＜ 0.05). Incidence of pathoglycemia, diarrhea or anepithymia,and tremor after conversion treatment was 13.4 ％ (13/97),2. 1％ (2/97) and 5. 2 ％ (5/97),respectively. There were no serious pulmonary infection and tumor during the observation period. ConclusionThe mid-long term effect of conversion from CsA to Tac in patients with kidney transplantation is safe and effective.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pretreatment with botulinum toxin A injected intrath?ecally or locally at the incision site on the neurokinin?1 ( NK?1) receptor internalization in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Male Sprague?Dawley rats, weighing 280-300 g, aged 6-8 weeks, were used in the study. The experiment was performed in two parts. ExperimentⅠ Twenty?seven rats with no sign of nerve injury at day 7 after successful catheterization were selected and divided into 3 groups (n=9 each) using a random number table: control group (C1 group), incisional pain group (IP1 group) and intrathecal botulinum toxin A group (BoNT∕A1 group). At 24 h before operation, botulinum tox?in A 0.5 U ( in 10μl of normal saline) was injected intrathecally in group BoNT∕A1, and normal saline 10μl was injected intrathecally in group IP1. ExperimentⅡ Twenty?seven rats were selected and divided into 3 groups (n=9 each) using a random number table: control group (group C2), incisional pain group (IP2 group) and locally injected botulinum toxin A at the incision site group (BoNT∕A2 group). At 24 h before op?eration, botulinum toxin A 2 U ( in 0.4 ml of normal saline) was injected subcutaneously at the incision site and into the plantar surface, and normal saline 0.4 ml was injected subcutaneously at the incision site and into the plantar surface in group IP2. Six rats in each group were selected, and the cumulative pain score (CPS) was recorded, and the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold ( MWT) in the right hindpaw was measured be?fore administration, before operation, and at 3 h and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after operation. At 3 h after opera?tion, 3 rats in each group were selected and sacrificed, and the lumbar segment ( L4,5 ) of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of NK?1 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn by immunofluores?cence. Results ExperimentⅠ Compared with group C1, the CPS was significantly increased at 3 h and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after operation, the MWT was significantly decreased at 3 h and 1 and 3 days after opera?tion, and the expression of NK?1 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn was significantly up?regulated in group IP1, and the CPS was significantly increased at 3 h and 1, 3 and 5 days after operation, the MWT was sig?nificantly decreased at 3 h after operation ( P<0.05) , and no significant change was found in the expression of NK?1 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn in group BoNT∕A1 (P>0.05). Compared with group IP1, the CPS was significantly decreased, and the MWT was significantly increased at 3 h and 1, 3, and 5 days after oper?ation, and the expression of NK?1 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn was significantly down?regulated in group BoNT∕A1 (P<0.05). ExperimentⅡ Compared with group C2, the CPS was significantly increased at 3 h and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after operation, the MWT was significantly decreased at 3 h and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after operation, and the expression of NK?1 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn was significantly up?regu?lated in group IP2, and the CPS was significantly increased at 3 h and 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after operation, the MWT was significantly decreased at 3 h after operation ( P<0.05) , and no significant change was found in the expression of NK?1 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn in group BoNT∕A2 ( P>0.05) . Compared with group IP2, the CPS was significantly decreased at 3 h and 1, 3, and 5 days after operation, the MWT was signifi?cantly increased at 3 h and 1 and 3 days after operation, and the expression of NK?1 receptors in the spinal dorsal horn was significantly down?regulated in group BoNT∕A2 (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with botulinum toxin A injected intrathecally or locally at the incision site can inhibit the internalization of NK?1 re?ceptors in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain.

BACKGROUND:Retinol binding protein-4 is a most sensitive biomarker for loss of function of the human proximal renal tubule, which is applied in the early detection of acute kidney injury. It is speculated that retinol binding protein-4 may be associated with acute rejection and delayed graft function after renal transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of peripheral blood retinol binding protein-4 and renal alograft function in the early stage after renal transplantation. METHODS:The venous blood samples of renal transplantation recipients were continuously colected for detection. As a retrospective nested case-control study, 20 cases of clinical diagnosed acute rejection were selected as acute rejection group. Another 20 cases of delayed graft function and 20 cases with normal graft function were randomly selected according to the ratio of 1:1:1 and taken as delayed graft function group and control group, respectively. Retinol binding protein-4 level was detected by the immune turbidimetric method, and meanwhile, the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels were dynamicaly examined by the sarcosine oxidase method. Then, al the data were comparatively analyzed at vertical and horizontal levels. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, retinol binding protein-4 and serum creatinine levels in the acute rejection group and the delayed graft function group were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Retinol binding protein-4 and serum creatinine levels in the acute rejection group were significantly different between the rejection and non-rejection periods (P < 0.01). Similarly, these two indicators in the delayed graft function group were significantly different between the normal and abnormal renal function periods (P < 0.05). Retinol binding protein-4 levels were positively correlated with serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels. Both in the acute rejection group and delayed graft function group, retinol binding protein-4 levels changed earlier than the serum creatinine levels. Retinol binding protein-4, an independent biomarker indicator, is positively correlated with serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and has certain time advantage in predicting the change of renal function, which is very conducive to the clinical diagnosis and monitoring of acute rejection and delayed graft function.

Objective To investigate correlation between microRNA (miR-494) and TH 17 cell differentiation in murine cervical heterotopic cardiac transplant model.Method The heterotopic cardiac transplant models of Balb/c→C57BL/6 mice were established as experimental group,and those of C57BL/6→C57BL/6 mice as control group.Real time-polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to detect miR-494 and interleukin(IL)-17A mRNA expression in the grafts.CD4+ T cells,CD8+ T cells and CD45+ myeloid cells were isolated from the grafts,and miR-494 and IL-17 mRNA expression was detected.In vitro,lymphocytes in the spleen from C57BL/6 mice were harvested,and CD4+ T cells were isolated with MACS and then stimulated to TH 1,TH 2,TH 17,Treg subset cells.The expression of IL-17A mRNA and miR-494 in different T subsets was examined by Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Result Two grafts from each study group were harvested on the 7th day post-transplantation.In experimental group,the IL-17A mRNA expression was increased,while the expression of miR-494 was decreased as compared with control group with the difference being significant between two groups.The expression of IL-17A rnRNA in CD4+ T cells of the grafts was significantly increased,while that expression of miR-494 was decreased.In vitro,the expression of miR-494 in TH 17 cells was significantly lower than that in TH 1,TH 2 and Treg cells.Conclusion miR-494 is related closely to TH 17 cells differentiation in the transplant rejection,which may play a role in transplant rejection through regulating TH 17 cells.

Objective To explore the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on tube formation of HUVEC induced by the secretion of angiogenesis factors of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).Methods ADSCs were primarily cultured by enzyme digestion method.The flow cytomertry was performed to detect the expression of cell surface marker.ELISA was used to detect the expression of VEGF,HGF,and SDF-1 after given different doses of EGF.Tube formation assay was used to examine the effect of EGF on the tube formation induced by ADSCs.Results ADSCs were successfully isolated and cultured from human liposuction tissue and specific markers were expressed on ADSCs.EGF promoted the secretion of angiogenesis factors VEGF,HGF,and SDF-1,which were secreted by ADSCs.EGF pretreatment increased the ability of tube formation of HUVECs induced by ADSCs.Conclusions ADSCs induce the secretion of angiogenesis factors in vitro,and thus increase the ability of tube formation of HUVECs.EGF promotes the secretion ability of ADSCs,and the best concentration is 15 mg/L.