Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of liraglutide on vasodilatation of thoracic aortic ring in experimental rats.
Methods: The thoracic aortic rings were isolated from 32 male SD rats and divided into 2 groups: Without endothelium group and With intact endothelium group, n=16 in each group. The contractile force of vascular ring was detected and the effect of liraglutide (1×10-5 mol/L) on vasodilatation of norepinephrine (NE, 1×10-6 mol/L) pre-contracted ring was observed. The aortic ring in With intact endothelium group was further divided into 2 sub-groups:①the aortic ring was pre-treated by the inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) (L-NAME at 10-4 mol/L),② the aortic ring was pre-treated by non-specific ATP-sensitive-potassium (KATP) channel (Glibenclamide at 10-5 mol/L), n=8 in each group. The impacts of liraglutide on those 2 sub-groups were studied.
Results: Liraglutide had no effect on isolated aortic ring at basic condition. Liraglutide at (10-5 mol/L) had vasodilatation effect in both Without endothelium and With intact endothelium groups, the effect was stronger in With intact endothelium group and the maximum vasodilatation reached 17%, P<0.05. In both pre-treated sub-groups, the effect of liraglutide on vasodilatation in sub-group①reached 4%, P<0.05, and the effect in sub-group②
reached 14%, P>0.05.
Conclusion: Liraglutide had obvious effect of vasodilatation on NE pre-contracted thoracic aortic ring in experimental rats, the mechanism might be related to NOS, while KATP channel could not block the vasodilatation effect of liraglutide.

Objective To observe the effects of neuregulin‐1 (NRG‐1)on calcium transients in mouse ventricular myo‐cytes.Methods Nine C57BL/6 mice of male were randomly dived into 3 groups :the blank control group ,NRG‐1 group ,and iso‐proterenol(ISO)group.Their hearts were removed and immediately cannulated via the aorta and retrogradely perfused with en‐zymatic isolation solution to get single ventricular cell by Langendorff system.Myocytes were loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo‐4 and subjected to electrical field stimulation at 0.5 or 1 Hz by using living cells workstation.The change of fluorescene in‐tensity was recorded simultaneously in each group.Results Compared with the blank control group ,NRG‐1 group had signifi‐cantly increased Ca2+ transient amplitude ΔF/F0 (n=10 ,P<0.05) ,and reduced Ca2+ transient recovery time RT50 (n=10 ,P<0.05).There were no significant differences in Ca2+ transient amplitude ,Ca2+ transient recovery time and the time to peak be‐tween NRG‐1 and ISO groups(n=10 ,P>0.05).Conclusion NRG‐1 can increase Ca2+ transient amplitude and Ca2+ transients and reduce the time interval of Ca2+ transients.

Bile dut injury (BDI) is one of the severe complications of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).The classification,diagnosis and treatment of the BDI caused by LC are partly controversial.The most efficient classification of the BDI is Strasberg-Bismuth's classification and the three modes and four classes developed by the Biliary Surgery Group of Surgery Branch of Chinese Medical Association.Although the success rate of intraoperative diagnosis for the BDI is very low,in most cases,the BDI is diagnosed by clinical manifestations and assistant examinations.Accurate classification and early diagnosis could help us to make a specific one for each patient according to certain situation.In this review,we focus on the classification,diagnosis and treatment of the BDI caused by LC.

The scientific and rational application of diagnostic marker is very important significant in the early detection and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.The emergence of cardiac-specific troponin and the development of high assays make it possible for early noninvasive diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction.The Natriuretic peptide used for the diagnosis of heart failure is a new cornerstone in the history of cardiac markers development.The future trends in new methodology development may find more potential new early markers and predictive factors,which could bring in new prospects for the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases,but also more challenges for clinicians and laboratory physicians.

BACKGROUND:The appropriate choice of orthoses based on hemiplegic patient’s condition can improve motor function recovery in stroke patients.
OBJECTIVE:To review the motor function recovery of stroke patients with hemiplegia wearing different types of orthoses.
METHODS:Application of different types of orthoses in hemiplegic patients was reviewed through access to literature, as wel as effects of a variety of orthoses on the recovery of motor functions in hemiplegic patients.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Orthoses can reduce limb muscle tension and muscle spasms, and improve motor function and overal daily living skil s in stroke patients with hemiplegia, which play a variety of roles, including stable support, fixed protection, correction of deformity and functional compensation. However, the long-term therapeutic effect of orthoses cannot be verified because of fewer cases, shorter time for therapeutic observation, and the lack of long-term fol ow-up. It is necessary to perform long-term fol ow-up for the verification of long-term efficacy of orthoses. Meanwhile, the appropriate timing for removal of orthoses needs further study.

BACKGROUND:Stem cells under appropriate conditions can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells. Chinese herbs can function in cellproliferation and differentiation.
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the interventional effects of traditional Chinese medicine on stem celltransplantation in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases.
METHODS:Experimental studies concerning traditional Chinese medicine intervention for stem celltransplantation were retrieved and analyzed. Under specific conditions, stem cells can proliferate in vitro in a suspended or monolayer manner, and can be potential y induced to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes, thereby providing basis for stem celltransplantation in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases. We observed expressions of nestin, glial fibril ary acidic protein, and microtubule-associated protein expression for analysis of stem cellproliferation and differentiation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Baicalin or Astragalus saponin Ⅳ can stimulate stem cells to differentiate into nerve cells in vitro. Naomaitong or danshen combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem celltransplantation can promote neurological recovery from cerebrovascular diseases in rats. Buyang Huanwu Decoction can significantly promote the proliferation of neural stem cells in the subventricular zone and neurological recovery after cerebral ischemia. Chinese herbs, such as Zhichan Decoction and Panax notoginseng, can promote survival of transplanted cells and prevent most cellapoptosis in the stem celltherapy for treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Therapy of benefiting qi and elevating yang or ginsenosides Rg1 combined with stem celltherapy can improve memory ability of dementia rats. Traditional Chinese medicine exerts a catalytic role in the stem celltherapy for cerebrovascular diseases.

Herbal prescription science is a bridge between basic and clinical subjects in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In studying the doctrines in the general textbook Herbal Prescription Science and applying them to clinical practice, it was found that they are imprecise and inapplicable. Based on the analysis of Suanzaoren Decoction, Xiaoqinglong Decoction, Jichuan Decoction, etc., the authors point out that this problem is due to the current pathogenesis-based research approach of the herbal prescription science. It is proposed that correspondence between formula and syndrome is the core of the herbal prescription science. In order to solve such a problem, searching for corresponding relationship between an herb or a formula and the signs and symptoms of a syndrome or disease should be the most important task in research of herbal prescription science, for emphasis on attention to the objective indications and evidence in clinical utilization of herbal formulas is the major feature of the herbal prescription science according to medication experience in the long history of TCM.

Objective To explore therapeutic effects of acupuncture combined with puerarin injection in the treatment of patients with sudden deafness.Methods 83 patients with sudden deafnss were randomly divided into 2 groups.Control group(n =38) received puersrin injection.Treatment group ( n =45 ) received acupuncture received acupuncture combined with puerarin injection.The effect was compared between the two groups.Results The effective rate of treatment group was 86.7％,and was higher than that of control group(73.6％ ) ( P ＜0.05 ).The hearing function of treatment group was better than that of the control group after treatment ( t =6.21,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Acupuncture combined with puerarin injection in the treatment of patients with sudden deafness could obtain good curative effect,and it was worth to be spread and studied in the clinic.

There is a regular pattern in the diagnosis and treatment of exogenous high-grade fever, of which the key point is formula syndrome identification. Syndrome differentiation of the six channels is appropriate for not only exogenous cold but also various other conditions. The diagnosis and treatment of high-grade fever can also follow the law of syndrome differentiation of the six channels. The theory of epidemic febrile diseases stems from and elaborates on an understanding of exogenous febrile conditions, so many effective formulas used to treat epidemic febrile diseases also have great value in the treatment of high-grade fever. Deteriorated syndrome, which is central to this condition, is very commonly seen in cases of high-grade fever, the key therapeutic principle of which is established according to syndromes. Allowing analysis that does not rigidly adhere to either established modern diagnosis or traditional Chinese syndromes, prominent achievements could be made in treating high-grade fever by summarizing the regular presenting patterns in terms of the constitution and symptoms.

Adult ; Choroid Plexus Neoplasms ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Endolymphatic Sac ; pathology ; Glomus Jugulare Tumor ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Meningioma ; pathology ; Skull Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; surgery ; Temporal Bone ; pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed