Objective To explore the effects of maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation on testicle development and steroidogenesis of weaning offspring, and to provide a theoretical basis for the toxicity study of cypermethrin on reproduction.Methods Twenty-one healthy pregnant mice(clean animal) were randomly divided into three groups.Maternal mice were orally administered with different doses of cypermethrin [0,6.25 and 25 mg(/kg?d),10 ml/kg] dissolved in corn oil daily from postnatal day 1(PND1) to PND21.Fifteen male pups were randomly selected from each group and sacrificed at PND21 after exposure.The testicle organ coefficients were calculated.Serum testosterone(T) and estrogen(E2),testicle T were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Histopathological changes in the testicle tissues were observed by HE stain.Testicle cells apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL).Results A significant decrease was observed in body weight and the testicle organ coefficients in cypermethrin-treated group was in a dose-dependent manner(P0.05).Histological examination showed that maternal cypermethrin exposure markedly decreased the number and layers of spermatogenic cells,increased the inside diameter(ID) of seminiferous tubules,and disturbed the array of spermatogenic cells in testicle sections of pups at PND21.No significant effect on apoptosis of testicle cells was seen.Conclusion Maternal cypermethrin exposure during lactation may damage testicles and steroidogenesis of weaning offspring.

Objective To investigate the application of MRI in evaluation of the traumatic temporomandibular joint (TMJ) injury induced by type Ⅵ condylar fracture. MethodsMRI was performed in TMJs in 18 patients with type Ⅵ condylar fractures at days 3-14 post-injury and the MRI findings were analyzed. ResultsMRI findings of 18 patients with traumatic TMJ injury with 19 sides of type Ⅵ condylar fractures showed 15 sides of TMJ disk displacement,nine sides of capsule tear,16 sides of retrodiscal tissue tear (double-plate area) and 19 sides of joint effusion change. Conclusions MRI is very important in the diagnosis and evaluation of traumatic TMJ injury,since it can clearly display the TMJ injuries in type Ⅵ condylar fractures.Therefore,the clinical application of MRI is beneficial for selection of the therapeutic schedules.

Objective To assess the efficacy of different internal fixations of palatal fracture.Methods Seventy-four patients with palatal fracture admitted between October 2007 and October 2013 were reviewed retrospectively.Through out-patient follow-up,postoperative occlusion and palatal complications were examined and fracture healing was evaluated using CT scan.Results Palatal type Ⅰ-Vfractures involved in 8 patients (11％),14 patients (19％),26 (35％),12 patients (16％),6 patients (8％),and 8 patients (11％) respectively.Forty-three patients were available to follow-up,including 31 patients with good or acceptable occlusion.All wounds healed without palate associated infections,plate exposure or oronasal fistula.Of the 27 patients classified as type Ⅱ,Ⅲ and V sagittal palatal fractures,both nasomaxillary and zygomatico-maxillary struts fixation (n =17) and isolated zygomatico-maxillary struts fixation (n =10) had insignificant differences in success rate as to occlusion assessment (82％ vs 80％,P ＞0.05).Whereas compared with isolated vertical buttress fixation (n =15),additional immobilization of horizontal alveolar buttresses (n =12) had significantly higher success rate (100％ vs 67％,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Complete rigid fixation at early stage,including vertical buttress fixation,in particular the zygomatico-maxillary struts,and horizontal alveolar buttress fixation can achieve satisfactory outcome.

Objective To summarize and evaluate the clinical effect of extraco-rporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) support for critically ill patients after heart surgery,and to explore the factors that influenced the prognosis of ECMO.Methods The clinical data of 67 patients undergoing ECMO admitted to the Second Hospital of Jilin University from August 2013 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.The patient's age ranged from 22 months to 78 years,including 3 infants aged 22,24,30 months and 64 adults ranged from 32 to 78 years,the mean age was(56.52 ± 10.99) years.Results The average ECMO support time was (235.79 ± 123.87) h,the mean mechanical ventilation time was (166.11 ± 148.31) h.49 patients weaned off successfully from ECMO,38 of them were discharged and 11 died within 28 days.18 patients gaved up treatment.42 patients suffered the complications.Conclusion VA-ECMO is a significant supportive method for preoperative intensive care in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery.The keys to optimal results are grasping the indications of ECMO,earlier stopping mechanical ventilation,cluster curing(which involves reasonable anticoagulation,protection of organ function,prevention of hemorrhage,infection and limb distal ischemia).

Objective: To investigate the incidence rate of nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients with acute cerebral infarction, and analyze the influence factors of nutritional risk and malnutrition, so as to provide evidence for targeted nutritional intervention. Methods: Nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS2002), subjective global assessment (SGA) and body mass index (BMI) were applied to screen nutritional risk and assess nutritional state for hospitalized patients with acute cerebral infarction from January to October 2017, and to investigate the incidence rate of nutritional risk and malnutrition. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the relationship of nutritional risk and malnutrition with the basic information and habits of patients. Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors. Results: The incidence rate of the nutritional risk (NRS2002 ≥ 3 scores) was 61.0% (122/200) in 200 cases of acute cerebral infarction patients. If BMI<18.5 kg/m² was used to evaluate the nutritional deficiencies, the incidence rate of undernutrition was 8.5% (17/200). The incidence rate of malnutrition was 25.5% (51/200) using the SGA evaluation method. The univariate analysis showed that the nutritional risk was associated with age, drinking, combined infection, fluid diet, dysphagia/cough, and BMI (<18.5 kg/m²)(P<0.05 or<0.01), and the malnutrition was associated with age, combined infection, disturbance of consciousness, fluid diet, dysphagia/cough and BMI (<18.5 kg/m²) (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the age, fluid diet were the independent risk factors for nutritional risk (P<0.05 or<0.01). The age, combined infection, fluid diet and BMI (<18.5 kg/m²) were the independent risk factors of malnutrition (P<0.05 or<0.01). Conclusions The incidence of nutritional risk and malnutrition in patients with acute cerebral infarction is relatively high. Nutritional risk screening and nutritional assessment should be performed at the time of admission. Early nutrition intervention should be used to prevent malnutrition and improve the prognosis of patients.

Objective To investigate cancer patients′nutritional status after operative treatment and analysis of risk factors for malnutrition, which provides the basis for maintaining patients′ nutrition support after discharge. Methods One hundred and thirty patients treated with tumor in Liuan Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University were investigated. The nutritional status of patients discharged from hospital was evaluated by subjective comprehensive assessment, and the risk factors of malnutrition when they were discharged from hospital were analyzed. Results In 130 patients, 76 patients (58.46%) were assessed as no or mild malnutrition, and 54 patients (41.54%) as moderate or severe malnutrition. Univariate analysis showed that body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2 at admission, nutritional risk screening 2002(NRS2002) ≥ 3 scores, smoking and drinking were related to the occurrence of malnutrition after tumor surgery (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that NRS2002≥3 scores at admission and smoking were independent risk factors for malnutrition at discharge (P < 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of malnutrition in patients after tumor surgery is high, and there are many risk factors. Therefore, early nutrition support should be provided to patients, and family nutrition intervention after discharge is also very necessary.

Objective To compare the influence of sevoflurane inhalation sedation and propofol intravenous sedation on duration of endotracheal intubation as well as the length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and total length of hospital stay in postoperative critical patients.Methods Six databases including CNKI,Wanfang data,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about the influence of sevoflurane inhalation sedation or propofol intravenous sedation on the sedation time,the duration of endotracheal intubation,the length of ICU stay,the total length of hospital stay and the adverse effects rate in postoperative critical patients from the time of database establishment to July 2018.At the same time,the reference materials of included literature were retrieved manually.All literatures were screened by three independent reviewers,and the data extraction and quality evaluation of the included studies were conducted.Meta-analysis was used for RCT that met the quality standards.Results A total of 7 RCT studies were enrolled involving 537 patients who were all transferred into ICU after surgery with trachea cannula.Among the patients,272 received sevoflurane sedation while the other 265 received propofol sedation.All the included studies were well designed and of high quality.The results of Meta-analysis showed that compared with propofol sedation,sevoflurane sedation could significantly shorten the duration of endotracheal intubation [standardized mean difference (SMD) =-0.60,95％ confidence interval (95％CI) =-0.88 to-0.31,P ＜ 0.000 1]and the total length of hospital stay (SMD =-0.36,95％CI =-0.61 to-0.12,P =0.003),and lower the cardiac troponin T (cTnT) within 12-24 hours after ICU admission (SMD =-0.61,95％CI =-0.85 to-0.36,P ＜ 0.000 01).There was no significant difference in the sedation time (SMD =-0.07,95％CI =-0.29 to 0.15,P =0.52),the length of ICU stay (SMD =-0.19,95％CI =-0.39 to 0.01,P =0.06),the incidence of nausea and vomiting [odds ratio (OR) =1.19,95％CI =0.61 to 2.32,P =0.61] or incidence of delirium (OR =0.80,95％CI =0.34 to 1.90,P =0.62) between sevoflurane group and propofol group.Conclusions Sevoflurane inhalation sedation may lead to shorter duration of endotracheal intubation and total length of hospital stay,and had better protection for myocardium as compared with propofol intravenous sedation.The above conclusions needed further study to confirm,due to the lack of literature enrolled in this Meta-analysis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between mutiple-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) parameter choline/creatine (Cho/Cr) and distribution of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Methods Sixteen patients with high-grade glioma approved by pathology, admitted to our hospital form August 2012 and March 2015, were enrolled in our study. They were performed 1H-MRS before surgery, and apparently different regions of Cho/Cr were identified. With the help of intraoperative neuronavigation, different Cho/Cr tissue samples were gained accurately (Cho/Cr hypermetabolism group and Cho/Cr hypometabolism group). The different distribution of glioma stem cells in glioma tissues of the two groups was detected via neurosphere culture; immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were employed to detect the CD133 and nestin expressions. Results Neurospheres were successfully cultured from different glioma tissues, and the sphere formation rate from Cho/Cr hypermetabolism group was significantly higher as compared with that from Cho/Cr hypometabolism group (13.94±3.55 vs. 8.04± 1.47, P<0.05). The immunohistochemistry results indicated that the expressions of CD133 and nestin in the Cho/Cr hypermetabolism group were significantly higher as compared with those in the Cho/Cr hypometabolism group ([22.96±2.28]% vs. [18.04±1.36]%, [25.47±2.43]% vs. [19.74±1.66]%, P<0.05). Western blotting showed that the relative protein expressions of CD133 and nestin in the Cho/Cr hypermetabolism group were significantly higher as compared with those in the Cho/Cr hypometabolism group (0.50±0.17 vs. 0.30±0.08, 0.45±0.13 vs. 0.27±0.07, P<0.05); and the protein expressions of CD133 and nestin were positively correlated with Cho/Cr (r=0.972, P=0.000; r=0.762, P=0.000). Conclusion 1H-MRS parameter Cho/Cr reveals the distribution differences of cancer stem cells in high-grade gliomas, which can assist in finding and resecting the glioma stem cells-rich region.

Objective To analyze the influence of trabecular microstructure modeling on the biomechanical distribution of implant-bone interface with a three-dimensional finite element mandible model of trabecular structure.Methods Dental implants were embeded in the mandibles of a beagle dog.After three months of the implant installation,the mandibles with dental implants were harvested and scaned by micro-CT and cone-beam CT.Two three-dimensional finite element mandible models,trabecular microstructure(precise model) and macrostructure(simplified model),were built.The values of stress and strain of implant-bone interface were calculated using the software of Ansys 14.0.Results Compared with the simplified model,the precise models' average values of the implant bone interface stress increased obviously and its maximum values did not change greatly.The maximum values of quivalent stress of the precise models were 80％ and 110％ of the simplified model and the average values were 170％ and 290％ of simplified model.The maximum and average values of equivalent strain of precise models were obviously decreased,and the maximum values of the equivalent effect strain were 17％ and 26％ of simplified model and the average ones were 21％ and 16％ of simplified model respectively.Stress and strain concentrations at implant-bone interface were obvious in the simplified model.However,the distributions of stress and strain were uniform in the precise model.Conclusions The precise model has significant effect on the distribution of stress and strain at implant-bone interface.

Fusarium ear rot (FER) caused by Fusarium verticillioides is one of the most common dis-eases affecting maize production worldwide. FER results in severe yield losses and grain contami-nation with health-threatening mycotoxins. Although most studies to date have focused on comprehensive analysis of gene regulation in maize during defense responses against F. verticil-lioides infection, less is known about the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process. We used deep sequencing to compare small RNA libraries from the maize kernels of susceptible (N6) or resistant (BT-1) inbred lines from uninfected plants and upon F. verticillioides infection. We found that pathogen exposure was accompanied by dynamic alterations in expression levels of multiple miRNAs, including new members of previously annotated miRNA families. A combination of tran-scriptomic, degradomic, and bioinformatics analyses revealed that F. verticillioides-responsive miRNAs and their potential target genes displayed opposite expression patterns in the susceptible and resistant genotypes. Functional category analysis uncovered preferential enrichment of the pathogen-responsive miRNAs and their targets in the phenylpropanoid metabolic processes, plant-pathogen interactions, and plant phytohormone signal transduction pathways. Furthermore, transgenic maize plants overexpressing miR408b exhibited reduced resistance to F. verticillioides infection in a susceptible maize line. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory roles of miRNAs in maize immunity against FER and new resources for breeding disease resistance into maize.