Amino acids are not only the material basis for body growth,but also the material basis for the immune system.Amino acids and immune function are closely related.In recent years they have become important objectives in immunonutrition field.Amino acids play a very important role in the development of immune organs,proliferation and differentiation of immune cells.They also affect cytokine secretion and regulate the intensity of immune responses.Reasonable supplementary of amino acids have a positive effect in regulating the body's immune function.At present,there are a variety of amino acids which are widely used as clinical nutrition supplements.This paper mainly reviews the immunological characteristics of several amino acids and their derivatives that are involved in immunonutrition study in the recent years.

NK/T-cell lymphoma(NTCL)can be classified into upper aerodigestive tract(UAT)NTCL and non-UAT NTCL. The Ann Arbor staging system is unsatisfactory for this lymphoma. A new staging system for NTCL is proposed:limited disease(stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ UAT-NTCL without local invasion)and extensive disease(stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ with local invasion or stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ disease of UAT NTCL, non-UAT NTCL). There is an ongoing debate regarding the use of the Ann Arbor staging and the International Prognostic Index for prognostic purposes in NK/T-cell lymphoma. Other factors, including tumor's local infiltration, Epstein-Barr virus, tumor biology and microenvironment, have also been found to affect the prognosis.

Objective To study and compare the efficacy and safety of meropenem and imipenem cilastatin in the treatment of elderly patients with pulmonary infection.Methods A total of 124 elderly patients with pulmonary infection treated in our hospital were chosen.They were randomly divided into two groups.61 patients in the control group were treated with imipenem cilastatin, and 63 patients in the study group were treated with meropenem injection.After two weeks of treatment, the clearance rate of the pathogens, the effective rate of treatment and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results The clearance rate of pathogens in the study group was 98.41%, significantly higher than the control group (88.52%).There was no significant difference in effective rate between the study group (98.41%) and the control group(93.44%).There was no significant difference in incidence of adverse reactions between the study group (7.94%) and the control group (13.11%).Conclusion Meropenem or imipenem cilastatin has similar effective rate and adverse reactions , while meropenem could effectively eradicate bacterial infection in the treatment of pulmonary infection in elderly patients.

Rats were kept in isobaric hypoxic chamber (O_2=10%)for ? , ? and 4 weeks(6h/day, 6days/week). The lung adrenoceptors were measured by radioligand bindingtechnique. Results showed that the ? adrenoceptor increased at 1st week of hypoxia and de-creased significantly at 2nd and 4th weeks of hypoxia. The change of ?_2 adrenoceptor wasconsistant with that of total ? adrenoceptor but the decrease was more significant. By con-trast, the ?_2 adrenoceptor increased significantly all the time. No change of Kd valuewas found in this study. The data indicated that the changes of adrenoceptors induced byhypoxia caused the domination of pulmonary vasoconstriction which may play a role inthe developement of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.

Rats were kept in hypoxic chamber. Results showed that hypoxia led topulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy, hypercapnia exasperated thishypertrophy but was not to hypertension. At the same time, lung ?_1-adrenoceptor all in-creased in hypoxia with or without hypercapnia groaps, ?-adrenoceptor increased after 1weekof hypoxia, and decreased after 1week and 2weeks of hypoxia with hypercapnia. These resultssuggested that the different type of adrenoceptors showed a different change after hypoxia.Results implied that the imbalance of adrenoceptor in lung might led to domination ofvaso-constriction caused by increased ?-adrenocepor, which might play the role in hypoxicpulmonary hypertension. The followed up increase of ?-adrenoceptor after 2weeks of hypoxiawith hypercapnia might be a compensative effect to eliminate exasperation of ventricular,hypertrophy.

This paper introduces the perioperative care of twelve chronic heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchro-nization therapy,such as psychological care and correction of heart function during perioperative period, careful preparation of rescue instruments and observation of patients' conditions during the operation, intensive electrocardio monitoring,prevention of incision infection,nursing care of body position,and observation and treatment of postoperative complications during the postop-erative period. All the patients passed through the perioperative period safely and were discharged upon recovery. After a 1-6 months' follow-up,the patients' symptoms of heart failure was significantly improved and the exercise capacity was increased.

Objective To investigate the treatment effectsand safety of ifosfamide,nedaplatin with pharmorubicin in relapsed ovarian carcinoma.Methods Sixteen relapsed ovarian carcinoma patients received nedaplatin 150mg in 0.9% sodium chloride 500ml dl,intravenously;pharmorubicin 40mg in 5% glucose 50 ml d1-2,intravenously;and ffosfamide 2.0g in 0.9% sodium chloride 500ml d1-5,intravenously.And the treatment effects and side effects were investigated.Results Of the sixteen patients,one had a complete response,six had a partial response,seven had stable disease,and two had progressive disease.The overall response rate was 43.75%(7/16).The major side effects were bone marrow suppression and gastrointestinal reaction.Conclusion Combination of ffosfamide,nedaplatin and pharmorubicin were very effective in relapsed ovarian carcinoma and the side effects were tolerable.Therefore the regimen is worth promoting in the clinical application.

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)and early-onset Parkinson's disease(EOPD).Methods Polymerase chsin reactionrestriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify the genotypes of polymorphisms in MAO-B in 65 patients in EOPD group(early-onset age<50 years),60 in late-onset Parkinson's disease(LOPD) group(late-onset age≥160 years)and 66 healthy controls(<50 years).Results The frequency of AA genotype was higher in EOPD groups(49/65,75.4%)than in healthy controls(34/66,51.5%),and the difference between them was statistically significant(x2=8.075,P=0.018).The frequency of AA genotype between EOPD group and LOPD group,between LOPD group and healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequency of AA genotype between male in EOPD group and male healthy controls,between female in EOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequencies of AA genotype between male in EOPD group and LOPD group,between female in EOPD group and in LOPD group had no statistical significance.The frequency of AA genotype between male in LOPD group and in healthy controls,between female in LOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance.The frequency of A alleles was higher in EOPD group(107/130,82.3%)than in healthy controls(87/132,65.9%)and the difierence between them was statistical significant(x2=9.165,P=0.002).The frequency of A allele between EOPD group and LOPD group,between LOPD group and healthy controls had no statistical significance. The frequency of A allele was higher in male EOPD group (60/70,85.7%) than in male healthy controls(51/72,70. 8% ), the difference between them was statistically significant (X2 =4. 606, P=0. 032) ;the frequency of A alleles was higher in female in EOPD group (47/60,78. 3% ) than in female healthy controls(36/60,60. 0% ), the difference between them was statistical significance( x2 =4. 728, P = 0. 030). The frequency of A alleles between male EOPD group and male LOPD group, between female EOPD group and female LOPD group had no statistical significance. The frequency of A allele between male LOPD group and male healthy controls, between female LOPD group and female healthy controls had no statistical significance. Conclusions The AA genotype of MAO-B is the risk factor of EOPD. The A allele of MAO-B is a risk factor of EOPD group for both male and female.

Immunity is the basic defense barrier for body, and also closely related to the development, progression, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. Adjuvant radiotherapy plays an important role in the multidisciplinary treatment of breast cancer. It has long been believed that radiotherapy was immunosuppressive because it could destroy the body’s immune cells directly. While recent studies have shown that radiotherapy can stimulate the host immune system in the antitumor process, including antigen processing, presentation, recognition, and eventually tumor-cell killing. In the clinical aspect, a variety of immune targeted therapies, combined with radiotherapy, have entered clinical trials. The article reviewed research progress and status of the inlfuence of breast cancer adjuvant radiotherapy on antitumor immunity.

The occurrence and development of tumor depends not only on the tumor itself,but also depends on the soil survival of tumor cells,that is the tumor microenvironment.Studies confirm that the changes of blood vessels and hypoxic of tumor microenvironment maintain the stemness of cancer stem cell,and further strengthen the ability of tumor invasion and metastasis.Studying the molecular mechanism of tumor development from angiogenesis and lack of oxygen can provide new ideas for the clinical targeted therapy.