AIM To study the effect l-menthol pretreated nasal cavity on insulin pharmacological bioavailability(PBA). METHODS To set up diabetic rats model,nasal cavities were pretreated with l-menthol for two hours,insulin was dripped, blood glucose concentrations of different time were determined,and the area over the curve (AOC) and pharmacological bioavailability(PBA) were calculated. RESULTS After rats nasal cavity was pretreated with different concentrations l-menthol, nasal cavity absorption of insulin markedly increased between 2 h and 3 h,and PBA of insulin nasal cavity absorption increased respectively 5.77,7.00 and 3.12 times than control group. CONCLUSION l-Menthol promotes the nasal cavity absorption of insulin.

AIM: To study the effects of l-menthol and its binary systems on percutaneous penetration and deposit effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). METHODS: Percutaneous absorption experiment was performed on the apparatus of isolated skin, penetrated amounts of different times of 5-FU were determined, the cumulate penetrated amounts and permeation rates and increased permeation times were calculated, and the deposit effect of 5-FU was investigated. RESULTS: L-menthol of different concentrations could significantly enhance the percutaneous penetration of 5-FU, its increased permeation times were 1.25 and 1.45 and 1.37 times respectively,and the action of 5-FU with 2% l-menthol was the strongest. 5-FU with 2% and 4% l-menthol had a marked deposit effect. When some kinds of enhancers were used alone or combined with l-menthol, the percutaneous penetration of 5-FU had a significantly increase. CONCLUSION: L-menthol and its binary systems can markedly promote the percutaneous penetration and the deposit effect of 5-FU.

A total of 10 local malaria cases and 21 imported cases were detected in Pukou District of Nanjing City from 2003 to 2007. The result suggests the surveillance of mobile population should be strengthened in this district.

The end stage of chronic renal diseases is characterized by glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Studies have revealed that effective amelioration of renal fibrosis can significantly delay the progression of chronic renal diseases. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear transcriptional factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and PPAR-γ is one of the phenotypes of PPARs. The effect of PPAR-γ on inhibiting renal fibrosis has become a hot spot. In this article the research advances of PPAR-γ in amelioration of renal fibrosis are reviewed.

The malaria annual reports, epidemic situation reports, case investigation reports and blood examination data for febrile patients from 2003 to 2007 in Nantong City were analysed, so as to provide the scientific evidence for the measures of malaria control. The results suggested that mobile population was the key point of malaria control in Nantong City, and the main control measures should put emphasis on epidemic situation supervision of mobile population and surveillance on febrile patients.

Objective To analyze the epidemic status and progress of malaria elimination in Nantong City,so as to provide evidences for adjusting the control measures and guiding the work of malaria elimination. Methods The data about the epidem?ic situation of malaria and malaria elimination in Nantong City from 2008 to 2014 were collected and analyzed by the method of descriptive epidemiology. Results From 2008 to 2014,a total of 305 malaria cases were reported in Nantong City,with an an?nual average incidence of 0.57/100 000. Among all the cases,26(8.52%)were local tertian malaria cases and 279(91.48%) were imported cases;276 cases(90.49%)were male and most of them were young adults,and those aged in 20-59 accounted for 91.48%(279/305). There were cases reported in each month,with no obvious seasonality. The imported cases were mainly distributed in Hai’an County(80 cases),Haimen City(71 cases)and Tongzhou District(41 cases),and the total percentage of them was 68.82%among all the imported malaria cases in Nantong City. There were no local malaria cases reported in Nan?tong City since 2011. Qidong City,Rudong County,Chongchuan District,Development Zone and Gangzha District have reached the criteria of malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province. Conclusions From 2008 to 2014,the malaria cases in Nantong City are mainly imported cases,the number of local cases has decreased significantly,and there has been no local infected cas?es reported in the continuous 4 years of 2011-2014. Totally 5 counties(cities,districts)among the 9 have reached the criteria of malaria elimination in Jiangsu City. In the future,the control of imported malaria should still be strengthened,and the work of malaria elimination should still be promoted.

Objective To develop a mobile terminal data acquisition for data collection of malaria prevention and control in the field. Methods Based on 3G,Bluetooth,GPS and/or Bei Dou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)and wireless network communication technology(WIFI),a mobile terminal data acquisition for data collection of malaria prevention and control was developed. Results The developed system included 2 functional modules:a terminal and iCloud,and had examination,modi?fication and deletion functions of malaria epidemiological data. By using GPS and GIS,the target population or institution could be accurately positioned to determine whether the distribution of malaria cases had a spatial aggregation. Conclusion A mobile terminal data acquisition in malaria prevention and control is successfully developed,which is very convenient for data collec?tion and submission of malaria prevention and control.

Objective To observe the effects of calcitriol on cellular proliferation and apoptosis,and on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-induced α-SMA and extracellular matrix(ECM)synthesis in renal interstitial fibroblasts,so as to illustrate its potential roles and underlying mechanisms in preventing renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods In NRK-49F of cultured rats in vitro,cellular proliferation was detected by MTY.The cellular cycle and apoptosis were assessed by flow eytometry using annexin-V FITC/propidium iodide(PI).Real-time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of α-SMA,CTGF and FN,and Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of α-SMA and FN. Results Cellular proliferation was inhibited by calcitriol through G1-arrest (P＜0.05).But calcitriol had no effect on cell apoptosis(P＞0.05).Increased expression of α-SMA,CTGF and FN mRNA induced by TGF-β1were significantly suppressed by calcitriol as compared with TGF-β1 treated group (P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference among the groups with various concentration of calcitrol (P＞0.05).The similar phenomenon of the level of α-SMA and FN protein expression was observed in all groups by Western blot. Conclusion Caleiniol inhibits cellular proliferation of renal interstitial fibroblast by G1-arrest,but has no effect on cell apoptosis,and can prevent renal interstitial fibrosis caused by TGF-β1.

[Objective]To evaluate the interface biomechanical characteristics of a new kind of hydroxyapatite coating.[Method] Ten dogs underwent hermiarthroplasty of hip joint and were divided into 2 groups.One group was placed in Ti-6AI-4V femoral stem(Ti hip group),the second group was placed in HA-coated femoral stem(HA hip group).The second method was rod implant in condyles in both legs of each dog.Four matured dogs were selected.Eight Ti-6AI-4V rods(Ti rod group)were placed in lateral and medial condyle in left leg of each dog and eight HA-coated rods(HA rod group)were implanted in that of right leg of each dog.The dogs were sacrificed at 12 weeks after operation,and then the interface shear strength and imerface histological changes were evaluated.[Result]The Pust-out test showed that the average interface shear strengths of Ti hip group and HA hip group were(2.58?1.56)Mpa and(7.57?1.03)Mpa respectively.The interface shear strengths of HA hip group was significantly higher than that of Ti hip group(P

0.05),but FECW was superior to Kirschner tension band at comminuted fracture model(P