Objective To compare the value of prostatic specific antigen(PSA),prostate volume (PV)and PSA density(PSAD)in healthy Chinese males between Uygur and Han and to analyze the relationship between age and above indexes.Methods Serum PSA of 1278 healthy Chinese men over than 40 years was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The group composed of 555 Uygur males and 723 Han males was divided into four different age groups based on every ten years.40-49 year group: 395 (Uygur: 175,Han: 220);50-59 year group: 325(Uygur: 143,Han: 182);60-69 year group: 281(Uygur: 131,Han: 150);over than 70 year group: 277(Uygur: 106,Han: 171).The length,width and height of the prostate were measured by trans-abdominal ultrasound.The value of PSA,PV and PSAD were correlated with age using the correlation analysis.Results PSA and PV of Uygur were as follows,40 year group:(0.69 ± 0.50)μg/L,(22.83 ± 8.20)ml;50 year group:(0.87 ± 0.52)μg/L,(25.30 ± 9.27)ml;60 year group:(1.08 ±0.56)μg/L,(27.68 ±13.10)ml;70 year group:(2.39 ±0.99)μg/L,(36.36 ± 18.71)ml.PSA and PV of Han were as follows,40 year group:(1.01 ± 0.83)μg/L,(23.01 ±7.57)ml;50 year group:(1.26 ±0.80)μg/L,(27.23 ±10.24)ml;60 year group:(1.66 ±0.79)μg/L,(33.88±17.59)ml;70 year group:(2.51 ±1.11)μg/L,(43.98 ±20.21)ml.The value of PSA and PV of Uygur were less than those of Han in each age group and there were significant differences(P ＜ 0.05).PSAD of Uygur and Han in different age group were as follows: 40 year group:0.041 ± 0.022,0.042 ± 0.027;50 year group: 0.039 ± 0.027,0.040 ± 0.031;60 year group: 0.040 ±0.021,0.041 ±0.025;70 year group: 0.039 ± 0.020,0.040 ± 0.029.The PSAD showed no difference between two nationalities or any age group.With the increasing age,the value of PSA and PV gradually increased and the positive correlation was found among age,PSA and PV in both Uygar and Han nationalities.Conclusions The value of PSA and PV are affected by nationality and age.PSAD between different nationalities and age groups has no difference.

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs),serum CD31 and HCC.Methods We analyzed three single nucleotide polymorphisms of CD31 gene Leu125Val,Asn563Ser and Gly670Arg in 190 HCC patients and 210 age and sex matched controls in a Chinese population,using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) strategy,and the serum level of CD31 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results The distributions of CD31 gene Asn563Ser and Gly670Arg polymorphisms were not significantly different between HCC and control group (x2 =0.491,P ＞ 0.05),but the CD31 gene Leu125Val polymorphism was significantly different (x2 =10.988,P ＜ 0.05).The relative risk suffering from HCC of Val allele was 1.583 times of the Leu allele carriers(OR =1.583,95％ CI,1.197-2.093,P =0.001) ; Serum level of CD31 Val allele carriers was significantly higher than that of no carriers(x2 =10.408,P ＜ 0.05).Consistent with the results of the genotyping analyses,CD31 gene Leu125Val,Asn563Ser and Gly670Arg polymorphisms showed strong linkage disequilibrium,the Val-Ser-Arg haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC as compared with the controls (OR =1.496,95％CI:1.095-2.046,P =0.011).Conclusions CD31 gene Leu125Val polymorphism and its Val-Ser-Arg haplotype were associated with HCC,Val allele is an important genetic susceptibility gene for HCC.CD31 Val allele carriers may subject to higher risk of HCC with enhanced CD31 expression.

Objective To compare the effects of transabdominal hysterectomy(TAH),transvaginal hysterectomy(TVH),and laparoscopic total hysterectomy(LTH)on sexual function and psychological health.Methods A total of 100 patients undergoing TAH,100 patients undergoing TVH,and 40 patients undergoing LTH were followed up for 1 year.All the patients were aged between 45 and 54 years.The Results of the questionnaire on sexual function and psychological health were analyzed and compared with those from 100 control subjects undergoing hysteromyomectomy.Results In pateints under 50 years of age,no significant difference in the sexual function and psychological health was found between control group and any one of TAH,TVH,and LTH goups.In patients aged 50 yeare and older.ESFI score decreased from control group to TVH group to LTH group to TAH group;CHQ-12 score increased from control group to TVH group to LTH group to TAH group;and there was significant difference in the FSFI and CHQ-12 scores both between TAH and control groups and between TAH and TVH groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion There is no obvious effect of these 3 surgical approches to hysterectomy on the sexual function and psychological health in patients under 50 years of age,and there is no significant difference in the sexual function and psychological health among these 3 surgcial approaches.In patients aged 50 yean;and older,TAH has a negative impact on the psychological health and sexual function.

Objective　To study the relationship between HCV infection and hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods　PCR techniques were used to detect the serologic markers of HCV-RNA of 92 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 117 patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 100 paraffin-embedded liver tissues from patients from Huainan area. The 89 HCV-RNA positive sera from the 209 patients were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Results　The infection rates of HCC, LC, liver tissues were 29.3%, 26.5%, 31.0%. HCV genotype of all groups was mainly of type Ⅱ (65.2%) whereas that of type Ⅲ was 31.5%. Conclusion　HCC is associated with the infection of HCV in Huainan area. The infection of HCV type Ⅱ appears to play a main role in the development of HCV-associated HCC and LC in this area.

Clinical data of 365 patients with type 2 diabetes admitted from December 2010 to May 2011 were retrospectively analyzed,including 130 cases with fatty liver and 235 non-fatty liver cases.There were no differences in gender,age,disease course between two groups (P ＞ 0.05). BMI,glycated hemoglobin (HbAlc),blood pressure,TC,TG,LDL-C,large vessels complications and microvascular complications rate in fatty liver group were significantly higher than those in non-fatty liver group ( all P ＜0.01 ),while there was no difference in rate of peripheral neuropathy (P ＞ 0.05 ).The results indicate that blood glucose,blood pressure,BMI,abnormal blood lipid and chronic complications were closely related to type 2 diabetics with fatty liver.

In this paper,we exhaustively discussed the teaching design of basic life support in processing teaching materials,choosing the methods of teaching and learning,planning the teaching process and reflection after teaching and so on,to introduce how to use the pedagogy and the psychology principles to guide teaching design,for the purpose of improving the teaching quality.

Objective To retrospectively review our experience of treating hepatic biloma in the elderly.Methods Before cyst fenestration,the fistulas between the bile duct and biloma were ligated in the 6 patients.Result All the 6 patients were cured.On follow-up,there was no recurrence.Conclusion The procedure is feasible and safe in the treatment of biloma in the elderly.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether brain microbleeds is associated with antiplatelet-related intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). MethodsForty-three patients with antiplatelet-related ICH treated in our hospital from Jun 2005 to Jun 2010 were investigated in this study.Age, sex and hypertension matched controls with non-antiplatelet-related ICH; and without history of ICH on antiplatelet therapy were selected. ResultsMicrobleeds was more frequent in antiplatelet users with ICH than in matched antiplatelet users without ICH(31/43(72. 1％ ) vs 12/57(21.1％ ), x2 =6. 731, P =0. 011 ) and was more frequent in IHC patients with antiplatelet treatment than those with non-antiplatelet treatment (31/43 (72. 1％ ) vs 17/48 (35.4％), P =0. 030). The frequency of lobar microbleeds(27/43, 62. 8％ ) was significant high in antiplatelet-related ICH than that in non antiplatelet-related ICH (19/48, 39. 6％, x2 =4. 019, P =0. 042). The number of microbleeds was associated with the risk of antiplate-related ICH ( OR =1.38 per additional microbleed, 95％ CI 1.07-1.71, t =0. 806, P =0. 021 ). ConclusionBrain microbleeds are associated with antiplatelet-related ICH.

This research adopts both quantitative and qualitative analytical methods to analyze high-frequency medical words, morphemes and clusters, with the aid of corpora and statistical measures. The result of this research can help teachers arrange their teaching according to the difficulty and frequency of the words, morphemes and clusters.For students, they can put more time and effort on these frequently used words, morphemes and clusters, and thus improve learning efficiency.

In recent years,biofeedback combined with nerve electrical stimulation therapy as a kind of new treatment has been generally applied in paediatrics,gastroenterology,proctology and rehabilitation.This paper is to review the application of the therapy in children with fecal incontinence,including its principle,clinical efficacy and prospects.