Objective To summarize the basic process to create epidemiological surveillance system. Methods First, make use of the system science, information science, control science and related disciplines as theory, use deductive reasoning to get the basic process of creating epidemiological surveillance system. Then, choose 50 existing epidemiological surveillance system to study, choose the characteristics of epidemiological surveillance system as the fundaction, use inductive reasoning to complete the basic process. Results The basic process of creating the epidemiological surveillance system include: system analysis, set up the logic model of the system, system design, system implementation, system evaluation, system improving. Conclusions Epidemiological surveillance system are indispensable aspects, they should be well integrated in order to ensure the effectiveness of created epidemiological surveillance system.

Objective To observe the microdose albumin in urine,carotid intima -media thickness(CIMT) of coronary heart disease(CHD)patients′and coronary Gensini score level,to investigate the correlation between the extent of coronary stenosis and microalbuminuria,CIMT.Methods 50 cases of hospitalized patients with CHD and healthy control group of 50 cases were selected,to compare the score between the two groups of microalbuminuria, CIMT and coronary Gensini.Results CHD group:microalbuminuria and CIMT were (38.36 ±19.51 )mg/L, (1.18 ±0.25)mm respectively.Healthy control group:microalbuminuria and CIMT were (27.52 ±15.44)mg/L, (0.76 ±0.17)mm respectively.Differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t =3.080,P =0.002;t =9.823,P =0.000).CHD group:coronary Gensini score was positively correlated with microalbuminuria, CIMT(r =0.288,P =0.430 r =0.308,P =0.290).Conclusion The correlation between CHD patients'microalbu-minuria,CIMT and the degree of coronary artery stenosis is positive.By measuring the microalbuminuria and CIMT,we can predict the extent of coronary artery stenosis.

Indolent B-cell lymphomas constitute a slow growing cancer of the lymphatic system. These lymphomas mainly include fol-licular lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, Waldenstom macroglobulinemia, marginal zone lym-phoma, and low malignant mantle cell lymphoma. These lymphomas are sensitive to chemotherapy and/or immunochemotherapy, but they cannot be cured. Furthermore, patient age at diagnosis, patient age at time of first onset or subsequent relapses, and compli-cations often influence the chemotherapy curative effect. At present, recent progress has been achieved in our understanding of dys-regulated pathways and immunologic anti-tumor responses in indolent lymphoma. In particular, the breakthrough of non-cytotoxic drugs renderschemo-freetreatment a near-future reality. In this review, we highlight these promising approaches, such as the com-bination of anti-CD20 antibodies with immunomodulatory drugs, mAbs directed against other surface antigens, and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) receptor inhibitor or B-cell receptor signaling pathway inhibitors. Future phase III studies will evaluate the efficacy of these drugs in the context of non-chemotherapy and further clarify treatment status.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the data about endemic fluorosis, and investigate its prevalence and the effects of prevention and cure, so as to suggest more effective measures for the prevention and cure in the future. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and VIP Chinese database was undertaken to identify articles about the distribution, monitoring and effects of prevention and cure of endemic fluorosis published in Chinese from January 1995 to March 2006 by using the keywords of "endemic fluorosis, monitor". STUDY SELECTION: Literatures about endemic fluorosis, including mainly brief introduction, practice in prevention and cure, summary of meeting, etc., the repetitive studies were excluded, and only one of them published the latest was involved. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 25 relevant literatures were collected, and 18 of them were involved, the others were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS: The monitoring results showed that until the end of the 2004, 44.51％ of the villages, in the drinking water type disease areas with endemic fluorosis, had executed the low-fluorine treatment of water, and 194 villages had been controlled basically; In the coal pollution type disease areas, 24 villages had been controlled basically,25.42％ of the families had reformed the stoves to prevent the coal pollution. The fluorine in water and air had been obviously declined after the improvement, some place had reached the standard of government.The morbidity rate of dental fluorosis in children of 8 to 12 years old was lower than before; The improving condition was good in most disease areas, and part of them had reached the control line; Meanwhile,the problems also existed that the measures of prevention could not befulfilled completely for the short of money, and the role of decreasing fluorine could not be acted completely because of the ill-management after the changed project.CONCLUSION: After the continuous efforts for tens of years, great progress has been obtained in the prevention and cure of endemic fluorosis,and the prevalence rates of dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis have reduced obviously, but many problems also exist at the same time. Therefore,the prevention and cure should be reinforced to restrain its prevalence more effectively.

Objective: To explore relationship between heart rate variability (HRV) and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in aged patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their clinical significance. Methods: A total of 65 T2DM inpatients with age 60~65 years were enrolled. According to LEAD condition, they were divided into T2DM + LEAD group (LEAD group, n=36), T2DM without LEAD group (NLEAD group, n=29) ，besides, normal control group was set up (n=23). The 24h dynamic electrocardiography was performed. Indexes of HRV were measured; meanwhile, blood pressure, indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism, CRP and plasma adiponectin were measured in all groups. Correlation analysis and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: (1) Levels of SBP, HbA1c, LDL-C, CRP in LEAD group and NLEAD group were significantly higher than those of normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with NLEAD group, there were significant increase in course of disease [(3.00±2.00) years vs. (7.50±4.00) years], SBP [(140.24±8.95)mmHg vs. (147.61±7.58)mmHg], HbA1c [(6.40±0.70)% vs. (7.15±2.05)%], plasma fibrinogen（Fg）[(2.57±0.51) g/L vs. (3.02±0.71) g/L], LDL-C[(2.27±0.50) mmol/L vs. (2.81±0.71) mmol/L] and CRP[(2.01±1.79) mg/L vs. (3.14±2.92) mg/L] in LEAD group, P<0.05 all; (2) SDNN, SDANN, VLF and plasma concentration of adiponectin in LEAD group and NLEAD group were significantly lower than that of normal control group (P<0.05 all); Compared with NLEAD group, there were significant decrease in other indexes except rMSSD in LEAD group, P<0.05 all; (3) Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated that LEAD was positively correlated with course of disease, SBP, 2hPG, HbA1c, LDL-C, Fg, CRP (r=0.311~0.760, P<0.05 all), and negatively correlated with adiponectin and HRV indexes (r=-0.597~-0.317, P<0.01 all); (4) Multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that course of DM, SBP, HbA1c, LDL-C, CRP were independent risk factors for LEAD in aged T2DM patients (OR=2.932~14.404, P<0.05). Conclusions: 1. The course of DM, SBP, HbA1c, LDL-C, CRP, adiponectin and HRV are related with LEAD in aged T2DM patients ; 2. Decreased HRV is an independent risk factor of LEAD in aged T2DM patients.

OBJECTIVE:To observe clinical efficacy and safety of Xinmailong injection combined with trimetazidine in the treatment of chronic heart failure of coronary heart disease(CHD)(Qi Yang deficiency ). METHODS:A total of 80 patients with Qi Yang deficiency chronic heart failure of CHD were selected from our hospital during Jan. 2011-Dec. 2105 were divided into ob-servation group and control group according to random number table,with 40 cases in each group. Both groups received routine treatment. Control group was additionally given Trimetazidine dihydrochloride tablets 20 mg,tid,for consecutive 6 months,on the basis of routine treatment. Observation group was additionally given Xinmailong injection 5 mg/kg added into 0.9％ Sodium chlo-ride injection 500 mL,ivgtt,at speed of 30 drops/min,bid,medication interval>6 h,for consecutive 5 days,on the basis of con-trol group. Efficacies of cardiac function improvement,TCM symptom efficacies as well as LVEF before and after treatment were observed in 2 groups. The occurrence of ADR was compared between 2 groups. RESULTS:Total response rates of cardiac function and TCM symptom were 90.00％ and 95.00％ in observation group,which were significantly higher than 62.50％ and 55.00％ of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in LVEF between 2 groups (P>0.05). After treatment,LEVF levels of 2 groups were increased significantly,and the observation group was signifi-cantly higher than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Xinmailong injection combined with trimetazidine in the treatment of Qi Yang deficiency chronic heart failure of CHD show significant therapeutic efficacy and improve LEVF level with good safety.

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the factors restricting the informationization construction of the medical logistics and to facilitate the informationization construction in China.METHODS:The restricting factors for the logistics'informationization construction and the causes were discussed starting from the trade characteristics of medical logistics by literature reviewing and observation.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The imperfect trade system,the lack of interdisciplinary talents, and the lagged IT technology were the factors restricting the informationization construction of the medical logistics.However, the impacts of these restricting factors can be reduced by developing the third party special pharmaceutical logistics which is helpful for medical logistics'informationization construction.

Osteoclast (OC) are bone resorbing cells whose development and activity are under the influence of osteoblast (OB). The potential association between those two cell lineages is an area of significant interest. It was not until 1998 that osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) was cloned. The two novel TNF superfamily members have been recently demonstrate to be the key extracellular regulators of osteoclasteogenesis and bone resorption both in vivo and in vitro, and they play important roles in osteoporosis development, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To analyze functional improvement of spinal cord and the prognosis of two surgical approaches for the stenosis of cervical spinal canal;to investigate the mechanisms concerning post-terior decompression,fusion with ilium graft and internal fixation and 158 cases who underwent dorsal laminectomy from January 2001 to October 2002 were follow-up for at least 24 months and examined with the evaluation systems of Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score,somatosensary evoked essential and initiative range of motion to compare preoperative,short-term and long-term efficacy.Results According to selected standard of improvement rate,therapeutic effect of 56 sufferers among ventral approach group was analyzed,14 cases(25%)excellent,29 cases(51.79%)good,10 cases(17.86%)fair,3 cases(5.36%)poor;postoperative effect of 62 sufferers from dorsal approach group was analyzed,23 cases(37.10%)excellent,31 cases(50%)good,7 cases(11.29%)fair,1 case(1.61%)poor.Concerning JOA evaluation of spinal cord function,initiative range of motion and correlated parameters of SEP,there was significant difference between two decompression approach in postoperative periods.7 cases from anterior approach and 13 patients from posterior approach disturbed by postoperative complications were gradually rehabilitated through conservative of Cervical 5 spinal root',the essence of above-mentioned symptoms may be cervical cord impairment due to decompression process,which would be alleviated by appropriate intervention;2)The efficiency of posterior decompression get the better of anterior decompression in light of fundamentally enlarging available space approach became a little smaller than normal individuals,however,the corresponding parameters after anterior approach lower than the former two groups.

Objective:To establish a method for analysis of residual organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate) in Ginkgo biloba Leaves for injection.Methods: The contents of residual solvents in Ginkgo biloba Leaves for injection were determined by headspace GC on HP 5 column, with FID detector, high purity nitrogen as the carries gas.Results: There was a good linearity ( r :0.9909～0.9999). The RSD of precision and accuracy was less than 5%, the average recovery rate was in the range of 93.06%～113.78%.Conclusions: The method was simple, quick and accurate and can be used for quality control of Chinese patent medicine.