BACKGROUND: The early total ankle replacement has been abandoned for long times due to the insufficient understanding of the ankle joint biomechanics, higher implant failure rates and complications. With the updating of the design concept about ankle prosthesis, total ankle replacement surgery is now more and more popular among surgeons. At present, the three-component total ankle replacement prosthesis is considered to be more in line with the normal biomechanical requirements of the ankle joint, and has been gradually promoted for clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To understand the biomechanics of the ankle joint, summarize the design features of the three-component total ankle joint replacement prostheses, and summarize experience for further prosthetic design. METHODS: The first author used a computer to search CNKI and PubMed for the literature on total ankle replacement prostheses from inception to February 2020. The key words were “total ankle replacement prosthesis design, STAR prosthesis, HINTEGRA prosthesis, BOX prosthesis”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The STAR, HINTEGRA, and BOX prostheses have shown acceptable survival rates and clinical results in clinical applications; however, a large number of cases and long-term follow-up were also required. (2) The designs of the three kinds of total ankle replacement prostheses all focus on restoring the anatomy of the physiological ankle joint, reproducing the axis of motion of the ankle joint, being compatible with the geometry of the ligament, and reducing the mechanical alignment of the tissue around the ankle joint. (3) To achieve maximum ligament compatibility, the articular surface design of the prosthetic component must be two physiological anatomic shapes or two non-physiological anatomic shapes. (4) There is a significant difference between the shape of the Chinese ankle and that of Caucasian. We are looking forward to design and develop a more suitable prosthesis for Chinese peoples.

[Objective]To explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for articular cartilage lesions after bone bruise of distal femur under arthroscopy.[Method]Articular cartilage lesions of 29 cases of distal femur bruises diagnosed by MRI were examined under arthroscopy,12 cases of them combined with medial and lateral meniscus injury,17 combined with anterior cruiciate ligament rupture.[Result]The distal femur articular cartilage lesions examined under arthroscopy were corresponding to MRI findings.The lesions showed by arthroscopy were in direct proportion to MRI.These lesions were classified into Ⅰ-Ⅳ degrees.[Conclusion]Arthroscopic examination showed correspondent result to MRI findings for articular cartilage lesions.Sometimes MRI couldn't deliver the severity of cartilage lesions because of instrument factors.Arthroscopy is considered as the golden standard of evaluation for articular cartilage lesions after bone bruises.

Objective To explore a high molluscicidal efficient method in special Oncomelania hupensis snail environments. Methods In 2005 and 2006,in large special environments(rubble creek beaches and seepage barren hills with snails),the me-chanical soil-buried method(excavator digging to bury deep snails)and manual soil-buried method were used respectively,and the results were compared for the cost-effectiveness. Results With the mechanical soil-buried method in 2006,the investment was 0.78 yuan/m2,and the compression rate of snail areas was 100%;with the manual soil-buried method in 2005,the investment was 1.34 yuan/m2,and the compression rate of snail areas was 20.26%. The former was much better than the latter. Conclusion In the large special environments with snails,the mechanical soil-buried method is superior to manual soil-buried method.

Objective To compare the disinfectant effects of calcium hydroxide and traditional formaldehyde and cresol(FC) on the intracanal medicament in infected single rooted teeth. Methods A total of 84 single rooted teeth with chronic apical periodontits were randomly selected for the disinfection with calcium hydroxide or FC in root canal after the root canals were cleared routinely. Samples were taken before and after root canal disinfection a week later. The number and species of bacteria in the root canal and the change of clinic signs and symptoms were observed. All the patients were followed up for one year. Results The number and species of bacteria in the root canal decreased significantly and there was significant difference between the two groups ( P 0.05). Conclusion Calcium hydroxide is an effective disinfectant in root canal therapy.

AIM:To explore the mechanisms of Kangxian Yixin Extract(Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali,Poria,Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae,Radix et Rhizoma Salviae miltiorrhizae,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,Flos Carthami,Radix Paeoniae rubra,Herba Lycopi,Herba Leonuri) on ventricular remodeling after dilated cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Ventricular remodeling model was induced by giving Furazolidone in wistar rats for 8 weeks and survival rats were divided into 5 groups(14 rats each group) after another 8 weeks,all the rats were killed.The effects of Kangxian Yixin Extract on typeⅠand type Ⅲ collagen gene expression were determined with SP and RT-PCR methods. RESULTS: Collagen TypeⅠand Ⅲ of model group was significantly higher than that of normal group(P0.05),while higher than that of the low dosage of group(P

Objective:To expound the effect of Kangxianyixin prescription on cardiocyte apoptosis and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in rats with dilated cardiomyopathy. Methods:Wistar rats with dilated cardiomyopathy established by furazolidone were treated 8 weeks with Kangxianyixin prescription,to observe cardiocyte apoptosis and to measure Bax and Bcl-2 expression in rats. Results:(1) In comparison of cardiomyocyte apoptosis indexes in rats,when compared with model group,the results showed significant difference in the combined group of high dosage of Kangxianyixin prescription and captopril,the high dosage group,the low dosage group,the captopril group(P

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of black plastic film combined with carbon amide. Methods In Jiangdong Town Jinhua City the field with Oncomelania hupensis in the history was selected as experimental area and divided into 3 groups Group One was administered with black plastic film combined with carbon amide Group Two was administered with simple black plastic film and Group Three was a control group. Results On the 3rd 7th 15th 20th and 30th day after the experiment the mortality rates of O. hupensis of Group One were 86.0% 88.0% 100% 100%and 100%respectively which were significantly higher than those of the control group all P<0.05 . The differences of mortality rates between Group One and Group Two were statistically significant on the 3rd and 7th day after the experiment Group One was superior to Group Two . Conclusion The black plastic film combined with carbon amide can improve the molluscicidal effect.

Objective To investigate the effects and advantages of laparoscopic hernioplasty for hernia.Methods From June 1995 to June 2005,222 patients with hernia were treated with laparoscopy.Transabdominal preperitoneal hernia repair(TAPP) were performed in 166 patients.Totally extraperitoneal hernia repair(TEP) were performed in 25 patients.Closure of the internal orifice of hernia was performed in 21 patients.Furthermore,incisional hernia in 2 patients, diaphragmatic hernia in 1 patient and mesenteric hernia in 1 patient were performed by laparoscopic hernioplasty and 6 patients with hernia of oesophagus finestra performed hernioplasty combined collapse gastric fundus with laparoscopy.In this series 45 patients associated with other abdominal disease were simultaneously treated with laparoscopy.Results All cases were operated successfully.The span of operation reduration was 42.5 min((10～180 min)).The average length of postoperative hospital stay were 4.6 days.There was one early failure owing to the use of too small a piece of mesh.Conclusion The results indicate that mesh repair of hernias is a satisfactory technique with a low recurrence rate and a low major complication rate.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of first-time shoulder dislocation combined with Bankart lesions.Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 35 cases who were admitted into our hospital from June 2015 to October 2016 and underwent arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of first-time shoulder dislocation.All the 35 cases were combined with Bankart lesions,and the lacerated glenoid labrum were repaired with suture anchorsy.The postoperative ASES scroe and Rowe score were adopted for the final evaluation.Results All the 35 cases were followed up for 1 to 6 months,3 months averagely.All the patients had satisfactory shoulder function,with no shoulder dislocation occured again.The ASES score and Rowe score after surgery was better than that before surgery with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion Arthroscopic surgery for the treatment of first-time shoulder dislocation combined with Bankart lesions has many advantages such as mini-invasion,rapid recovery and satisfactory outcome in function and motion.

ObjectiveTo investigate the injury mechanism,clinical characteristics and surgical treatments of Segond fracture combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.MethodsNine patients suffering from Segond fracture combined with ACL injury were treated between January 2008 and December 2010.All the patients revealed ACL and medial collateral ligament (MCL) breakage under arthroscopy.Furthermore,one patient was associated with lateral collateral ligament (LCL) breakage and medial meniscus injury,four with medial meniscus tear and two with lateral meniscus tear.All the patients underwent arthroscopic tendon allotransplantation,ACL reconstruction and MCL repair.Besides,synchronous LCL reconstruction was performed in one patient,meniscus suture in three and meniscus plasty in four.Six patients with large Segond fracture fragments were fixed with two hollow lag crews and three with relatively small fracture fragments fixed with one hollow lag crew.ResultsThe mean followup period was 12 months,which showed average postoperative Lysholm score of 59 points and satisfactory clinical outcome.ConclusionsSegond fracture is often combined with ACL injury and is predictive for ACL injury.In ACL reconstruction,large Segond fracture blocks should be reduced and fixed and the combined injuries also should be treated in the same period.