Objective: To investigate the effects of divided-doses mivacurium on histamine releasing and hemodynamics. Method: Forty-two patients were randomly divided into seven groups (n=6, each group). The total dose of 3?ED_(95)(0.25mg/kg)mivacurium for intubation was injected intravenously in single-dose in group I, or in divided-doses of 0.05+0.2mg/kg, 0.10+0.15mg/kg, 0.125+0.125mg/kg, 0.15+0.1mg/kg, and 0.2+0.05mg/kg in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ,Ⅳ, Ⅴ and Ⅵ respectively, and 0.6mg/kg of atracurium bolus in group Ⅶ, The plasma histamine concentration and systolic blood pressure(SP), diastolic blood pressure(DP) and heart rate(HR) were determined before and 3, 5, 10, and 15 min after injection of mivacurium or atracurium. Result: The plasma histamine concentration and changes of SP, DP, HR were decreased in group Ⅳ compared with those in other groups. Conclusion: The divided dose of 3?ED_(95) mivacurium for intubation may reduce histamine release and changes in hemodynamics.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guided interstitial chemotherapy for the pancreas in canine model. Methods A therapeutic 19gauge needle was inserted into the pancreas with EUS guidance,and seeds with sustained release of 5-iluorouracil were implanted into the tissue. After 14 days of clinical observation,the animals were sacrificed and the tissue response to local chemotherapy was examined. Results All the seeds were implanted successfuUy and no migration was observed. Chemotherapy induced tissue fibrous necrosis was localized in the pancreas without significant complications. The apoptotic index of tissue within 1 cm of the seeds increased.Biochemical parameters were normal in all the dogs. Conclusion EUS-guided implantation of seeds is a safe,simple and minimally invasive technique for interstitial chemotherapy in the pancreas.

China ; Developed Countries ; Insurance, Health ; Occupational Health

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for the determination of iridoid, phenylpropanoid glycosides, and organic acids in Scrophulariae Radix from different habitats and commercial herbs by UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS. METHODS: The analysis was carried out on a BDS HYPERSIL C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with elution by mobile phase of acetonitrile-water at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was maintained at 35℃. The target compounds were analyzed by the negative ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS: Twelve multiple constituents showed good linearity (r>0.9994) in the range of the tested concentration. The average recoveries of the 12 components were 99.59%-101.24% with relative standard deviations of 0.93%-1.60%. CONCLUSION: The established method is accurate and precise, which provides a reliable and effective technique for the quality evaluation of Scrophulariae Radix.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a QTRAP-UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 10 kinds of nucleosides and nucleobases in Scrophulariae Radix processed by different methods, and investigate the influences of different processing methods on contents of nucleosides and nucleobases. METHODS: The contents of 10 kinds of nucleosides and nucleobases in Scrophulariae Radix processed with different methods were simultaneously determined by QTRAP-UPLC-MS/MS, and TOPSIS analysis was used for comprehensive evaluation of nucleosides and nucleobases. RESULTS: The contents of guanosine, uridine, adenosine and uracil were relatively high in Scrophulariae Radix. There were differences in contents of nucleosides and nucleobases of Scrophulariae Radix processed with different methods, and the samples processed by method of "sweating" had better quality. CONCLUSION: This study provides a scientific basis for investigation on the influence of processing methods on contents of nucleosides and nucleobases in Scrophulariae Radix and screening of suitable processing method for Scrophulariae Radix.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the difference of chemical constituents in Scrophulariae Radix from different areas by UFLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS. METHODS: Through analysis of the multistage tandem mass spectra, the characteristic peaks were extracted with mass spectrometry data peak matching, peak alignment, and noise filtering. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used for data processing. The constituents were identified according to MS accurate mass and MS/MS spectrometry fragmentation information, combined with the software of database search and literature. RESULTS: The chemical constituents in Scrophulariae Radix from different areas were clearly distinguished. Thirty-six chemical constituents were indentified as differential compounds. Among them, there were 11 kinds of common differential chemical constituents, i.e., caffeic acid, aucubin, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, harpagide, 6-O-methylcatapol, verbascoside, p-coumaric acid, ningpogenin, 6″-O-feruloylharpagide, sibirioside A, and harpagoside. CONCLUSION: This study provides experimental data to reveal the influence of ecological environment and genetic variation on metabolite biosynthesis of Scrophulariae Radix.

Alcoholic liver disease ( ALD ) , a chronic progres-sive disease, threatens human health seriously. An increasing number of studies have shown that gut flora dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of ALD. Intestinal microbiota maintains a steady state under normal conditions, regulating gut flora normal physiological function. However, chronic alcohol consumption produces intestinal bacteria overgrowth and dysbio-sis, including the alteration of the composition of intestinal mi-croflora, the increment of gut permeability and bacterial translo-cation. Subsequently, the host immune is activated, promoting the production of inflammatory cytokines in liver, which plays a central role in the development of ALD. Notably, the supple-ment of prebiotics or probiotics reverses the intestinal flora disor-der,ameliorating the clinical symptoms effectively in ALD pa-tients. The evidence impies that the modulation of dysbiosis may be effective in the prevention and treatment of ALD. This review summarizes the research progress on the mechanism of the devel-opment of dysbiosis-mediated ALD, to provide a theoretical basis for the research on intestinal flora and ALD.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of needling gluteus medius muscle trigger point (TrP) plus chiropractic for sacroiliac joint subluxation.Methods:A total of 124 cases conforming to the inclusion criteria of sacroiliac joint subluxation were classified by anterior subluxation and posterior subluxation,and randomized into a TrP group and a conventional group respectively.There were 63 patients with anterior subluxation who were randomized into a TrP group of 32 cases (including 4 dropped out cases) and a conventional group of 31 cases (including 3 dropped out cases);and 61 patients with posterior subluxation who were randomized into a TrP group of 31 cases (including 3 dropped out cases) and a conventional group of 30 cases (including 3 dropped out cases).Patients in the TrP group received the treatment of needling gluteus medius muscle TrP plus chiropractic,while patients in the conventional group received conventional acupuncture treatment plus chiropractic.The treatment was done twice a week for a succession of 8 weeks.Then,the pain visual analog scale (VAS),Oswestry disability index (ODI) and therapeutic efficacy were evaluated.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate of TrP group with anterior subluxation was 96.9％,higher than 77.4％ in the conventional group,the difference showed a statistical significance (P＜0.05);the total effective rate was 93.5％ in the TrP group with posterior subluxation,higher than 73.3％ in the conventional group.After treatment,the VAS and ODI scores in both groups dropped obviously,the differences showed statistical significance (all P＜0.05);the scores of VAS and ODI in the TrP group were obviously lower than those in the conventional group (all P＜0.05).Conclusion:Needling gluteus medius muscle TrP plus chiropractic had a better therapeutic effect than conventional acupuncture plus chiropractic for sacroiliac joint subluxation.

Objective To investigate the differences of EUS images between stromal tumors and leiomyoma in esophagus and cardia. Methods EUS image of 13 cases of stromal tumors and 11 cases of leiomyoma diagnozed immunohistochemically were collected. Information of gray scale including mean value and dissociation of lesions and submucosal layer were analyzed. Gray scale values of lesions were calibrated according to that of the submucosal layer. Results The mean value of corrected gray scale of stromal tumors was 0. 285, which was significantly different from that of leiomyoma (0. 185, P ＜ 0. 05). Dissociation of gray scale of stromal tumors was 8. 14, which was also significantly different from that of leiomyomia (4. 59,P ＜0. 05). Conclusion In esophagus and cardia, stromal tumors exhibits higher and more inhomogeneous ultrasound echo than leiomyoma.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonic elastography in lymph node staging of gastrointestinal tumors.Methods Thirty-nine abdominal lymph nodes and 26 mediastinal lymph nodes of 35 patients with gastric cancer or esophageal carcer were examined by endoscopic ultrasonic elastography of five-point elastic score.Lymph node at 1-3 points was regarded as negative(benign),while 4-5 points as positive(malignant).The diagnostic value of EUS elastography was determined by comparing the results with pathological findings.Results Of all the 65 lymph nodes,49 were diagnosed as positive and 16 negative.The sensitivity and specificity of EUSE in the diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes were 91.1%and 60.0%.respectively.Conclusion EUSE is helpful for diagnosis of malignant metastasic lymph nodes.