OBJECTIVE To investigate the disinfection method for indwelling urinary catheter and its correlation with the urinary infection.METHODS Eighty cases with indwelling catheter were randomly assigned to two groups.0.5% Polyvidone iodine(Iodophor)was used as lubricant and disinfectant in the experimental group.The control group received liquid paraffin and 0.1% benzalkonium bromide.RESULTS The incidence of urinary tract infections in the experiment group was significantly lower than that in the control group with the same indwelling time of catheter(P

Aim To evaluate the bioequivalence of demestic brodimoprim capsules and imported hyprim tablets and provide experimental basis for clinical application. MethodsA single dosage of Brodimoprim or hyprim was given to 18 healthy volunteers in a randomized 2-way cross-over test and the brodimoprim concentrations in plasma were determined by HPLC with β-naphtol as internal standard. The pharmacokinetic parameters and the relative bioavailability of the two preparations were calculated and their bioequivalence was evaluated. ResultsThe major pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference preparations were as follows respectively:t1/2(α) (2.1 + 1.0) and (1.9+± 0.9) h, t1/3(β)(43.2±4.8) and (42.4±4.3)h, Tpeak(3.4±1.6) and (3.1±1.5) h,Cmax(5.9+ 0.9) and (5.9±1.0)μg · ml-1, AUC0～132(360.2± 55.3) and (358.7±52.6) μg · h · ml-1, AUC0～∞ (423.8±56.0) and (422.5±51.1) μg · h · ml-1. The relative bioavailability(F) of brodimprim capsules was (99.7± 4.8)%。 Conclusion . The multi-factorial analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in AUC0- 132between the test and reference preparations (P＞ 0.05) . The bioequivalent assumption was proved by further two one-side t-test and (1～2 α) confidence interval analysis in individuals, periods and forms of these two preparations.

AIM: To determine the concentration of nisoldipine in human plasma by HPLC-MS method and investigate the pharmacokinetics of sustained and immediate-release preparations. METHODS: A C 18 column was used to separate nisoldipine from plasma with the mobile phase of a mixture of methanol-water-acetic acid (7525 0.1) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml?min -1. MS: atmospheric pressure electronic spray ionization (AP-ESI) and ion mass spectral (m/z) of 411 were selected to quantify nisoldipine. Internal standard (IS): atmospheric pressure electronic spray ionization and m/z of 441 for nimodipine. RESULTS: The linear range of the standard curve of nisoldipine was 0.2- 50 ?g?L -1 and the determination limit was 0.15 ?g?L -1. The recovery rate was more than 70%, and intra-day relative standard deviation (RSD) and inter-day RSD were less than 10%. After being given a single dose of 10 mg nisoldipine sustained release tablet, sustained release capsule and normal tablet, the half life(t 1/2 /h) were 6.08? 1.48, 7.06? 1.80 and 3.70? 0.25, the time to peak concentration (T peak /h) were 5.4? 0.7, 5.8? 0.4 and 2.0? 0.2, the peak concentration (C max / ?g?L -1) were 3.43? 0.55, 3.71? 0.24 and 9.18? 3.78, the area under time- concentration curve (AUC 0-t / ?g?h -1?L -1) were 31.10? 5.00, 33.63? 7.16 and 32.72? 5.09. But after being given multiple doses of nisoldipine, C max/ ?g?L -1 were 5.20? 0.27, 3.91? 0.22 and 5.30? 1.04, C min / ?g?L -1 were 0.72? 0.10, 0.77? 0.07 and 0.53? 0.07, DF were 175.00%? 16.34%, 177.10%? 18.43% and 247.92%? 57.71% respectively. The bioavailability of sustained- release tablet and capsule were 96%?12% and 102%?9% respectively. CONCLUSION: The determination of concentration of nisoldipine in human plasma by HPLC-MS method is sensitive and accurate. It can be used for the investigation of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic of nisoldipine.

OBJECTIVE:To compare benproperine sustained-release tablet(BP)with cofrel tablet(CF)in respect to the bioequivalence,release characteristics and correlation between in vitro dissolubility and in vivo absorption METHODS:A HPLC method was used to determine the serum benproperine concentration after single and multiple oral administration of 80mg BP and CF in a two-period cross-over test RESULTS:The T1/2(?),Tpeak,Cmax,AUC0～36,AUC0～∞ of BP after single and multiple oral administration were (11 99?1 15)h and (11 91?1 41)h,(3 80?0 42)h and (2 25?0 26)h,(0 2 787?0 03)?g/ml and (0 4 507?0 07)?g/ml,(4 1 445?0 48)?g/(ml?h)and (3 8 981?0 54)?g/(ml?h),(4 7 908?0 42)?g/(ml?h) and (4 3 278?0 55)?g/(ml?h),and those of CF were (11 68?1 24)h and (10 83?1 01)h,(3 10?0 26)h and (1 95?0 16)h,(0 4 737?0 32)?g/ml and (0 6 163?0 42)?g/ml,(9 3 954?0 80)?g/(ml?h) and (8 5 223?0 76)?g/(ml?h),(10 1 336?0 87)?g/(ml?h) and (8 8 821?0 77)?g/(ml?h),respectively The relative bioavailability of BP versus CF was(112 40?0 06)% CONCLUSION:The results show that the benproperine sustained-release tablet and cofrel are bioequivalent

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the use of antimicrobials in hepatic disease inpatients. METHODS:In retrospective study,200 cases of hepatic disease in our hospital from Mar. 2007 to Mar. 2008 were randomly collected and utilization of antimicrobials was analyzed. RESULTS:136 inpatients treated with antimicrobials accounted for 68.00%. 76.47% were injected by intravenous. 35 cases were performed bacteria culture (25.74%). 7 categories (24 kinds) of antimicrobials were used. The DUI of top 10 antimicrobials in the list of DDD were below 1,which indicated drug use was basically appropriate. CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to application management of antimicrobials in patients with hepatic disease in our hospital to reduce irrational use of drug.

AIM:To establish an LC-MS method for determining the concentrations of loratadine (LOR) in human plasma and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS: A ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 (5 μm, 150 mm×4.6 mm) column was used, atmospheric pressure electronic spray ionization (AP-ESI) and ion mass spectrum (m/z) of 388.2 (M+H)+ were selected to quantify LOR, and 275.1 (M+H)+ for ropivacaine (internal standard, IS). RESULTS: The linear range of LOR standard curve was 0.5-50 ng·ml-1, and the determination limit was 0.5 ng·ml-1. The pharmacokinetic parameters of LOR after a single dose of 20 mg tablet (T1), capsule (T2) and reference (R) were as follows, the half life (t1/2) 13.52±1.35, 13.14±0.98 and 14.00±1.25 h, the time to peak concentration (Tmax) 1.24±0.06, 1.18±0.12 and 1.17±0.12 h, the peak concentration (Cmax) 21.72±7.70, 21.49±8.34 and 20.50±8.65 ng·ml-1, the area under time-concentration curve (AUC0-48 and AUC0-∞) 137.24±47.84 and 146.61±51.03 ng·ml-1·h, 139.65±45.69 and 148.04±48.10 ng·ml-1·h, 134.19±49.03 and 143.70±52.08 ng·ml-1·h, the relative bioavailability of LOR tablet and capsule were (105.49±8.08)% and (102.90±10.02)%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The LC-MS method for determining the concentration of LOR in human plasma is sensitive and accurate and can be used for LOR bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies. LOR tests and reference are bioequivalent.

[Objective] To discuss the mechanism and relative problems of lumbar traction. [Method] Relevant articles and retrospect clinical data in the author's hospital were reviewed. Review relevant articles and retrospect clinical data of our hospital. [ Result ] Traction force : 40 kg + 15% ～ 20% of body weight, fineness rate reached 83.5% in 1606 patients being treated. According to course of disease, fineness rate was 90. 1% in the group of less than 3 years, 68.2% in the group of more than 3 years. [ Conclusion] Lumbosacral nerve root leave the peak of the protruding nucleus and establish a new harmonious "root-disc" relationship after traction. The pressure and tension to the nerve root reduces or disappears, meanwhile, the pain of low back and leg is alleviated or eradicated. Appropriate traction weight and correct traction body posture are key factors of good therapeutic effect.

Objective To investigate the effect of oral rehydration on hemedynamies and mierocirculatory perfusion in dogs with fatal hemorrhagic shock.Methods Twenty male Beagle dogs 16-20 months old weighing 8-12 ks were subjected to a loss of 40% of the total blood volume,then divided into 3 groups:no rehydration group (group NR,n=8),oral rehydration group(group OR,n=6)and intravenous rehydration group(group IR,n=6).Group NR received no treatment within 24 h after blood-letting.Group IR and OR were given glucose-electrolyte solution (GES) either by gastric tube or by intravenous infusion 3 times volume of the blood loss immediately after the establishment of the model.Then the lactated Ringer's solution,glucose saline and compound amino acid(2 times volume of the blood loss)were started to be given to supplement the physiological consumption from 24 h after blood-letting in each group.The MAP,cardiac index(CI),systemic vascular resistance (SVR),dp/dtmax,and intestinal mucoflal blood flow (IMBF) were determined before blood-letting(T0,baseline) and 2 h (T1),4 h(T2),8 h(T3),24 h(T4),48 h(T5) and 72 h(T6)after blood-letting.The fatality rate within 72 h after blood-letting and urinary output were calculated.Results The fatality rates were 63%,33%and O in group NR, OR and IR respectively, which showed significant difference between the groups (P < 0.05).Compared with the baseline values at To, MAP, CI and dp/dtmax were significantly decreased at T1-6, in group NR,at T1-5 in group OR and at T1-4 in group IR, and SVR was significantly increased, while IMBF decreased at each time point after blood-letting in the three groups ( P <0.05), but no significant change was found in MAP, CI and dp/dtmax at T6 in group IR and OR (P>0.05). MAP, CI, dp/dtmax , IMBF and urinary output were significantly higher, while SVR was significantly lower in group OR and IR than in group NR ( P < 0.05). MAP, CI,dp/dtmax, IMBF and urinary output were signiflcandy lower, while SVR was significantly higher in group OR than in group IR ( P < 0. 05). Conclusion Oral administration of GES 3 times volume of the blood loss within 24 h after fatal hemorrhagic shock can obviously improve the hemodynamics and microcirculatory perfusion, then improve the survival state and have obvious resuscitation efficacy.

AIM: To establish a sensitive HPLC method for determining the concentrations of paeonol in human plasma and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic characteristics. METHODS: A single oral dose of 160 mg paeonol capsules was given to 24 Chinese healthy volunteers. Paeonol was separated on a XB-C18 column with tetrahydrofuran-methanol-water-phosphonic acid (6∶60∶34∶0.1, V∶V) as mobile phase. The plasma concentrations of paeonol were determined and its pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and evaluated using DAS 2.0. RESULTS: The linear range of the paeonol was 10-500 ng/mL and the determination limit was 10 ng/mL. The main pharmacokinetic parameters, as Cmax, tmax, t1/2,AUC0-3, AUC0-∞ after a single dose of paeonol capsules were (116±46)ng/mL,(1.02±0.13) h,(1.03±0.35) h, (174±45) ng/mL, (217±56) ng/mL,respectively. CONCLUSION: The HPLC method for determining paeonol concentration in plasma is rapid, sensitive and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.