Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ (CaMKⅡ) has multiple functions, which made it play a central role in cardiovascular disease. Especially it activates numerous downstream targets in various signaling pathways that promotes vascular disease, heart failure, myocardial hypertrophy and arrhythmias. CaMKⅡcan impact calcium balance and increase calcium leak in myocardial cell via phosphorylating L type calcium channel, Ryanodine receptor (RyR 2) and phos?pholamban (PLN), and regulate ATP sensitive potassium current (IKATP) and late sodium current by affecting sodium channels and potassium channels. In addition, It can directly regulate transcription via activating the silk crack the original activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and acetylation enzyme (HDAC). These mechanisms have important roles in myocardial hypertro?phy, heart failure and arrhythmia. So we focus to demonstrating the structure and action mechanism of CaMKⅡto improve a new therapy of cardiovascular disease.

Hidden-pathogen theory is always a leading theory of febrile disease etiology from the proposal until the Ming Dynasty and it plays a critical guiding role on development and maturity of febrile disease theory. However, along with the change of times and drift of disease spectrum, this theory is facing unprecedented challenges. The gradually in-creased clinical experiences and facts have been difficult to be explained and induced using the already existed hidden-pathogen theory. Since hidden-pathogen theory has its own theoretical status and value, which cannot be lightly given up, the question of how to develop this theory in order to better reveal the pathogenesis in the guidance of diagnosis and treatment has become the focus of attention. This paper tried to proposeemotional hidden-pathogenas an example to provide a possible paradigm to develop hidden-pathogen theory and systematically expound main ideas and reasoning processes of emotional hidden-pathogen doctrine and to explore its theoretical significance and application value.

Objective To observe the protective role of enalapril as a specific angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor on allograft in renal transplant recipients.Methods From Jan 2000 to Jun 2001,22 cases of renal transplant recipients with normal renal function and urine TGF-?_1 concentration being higher than 250.0 pg/mg Cr(group A) underwent therapy with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor(enalapril) one year after surgery.Enalapril was administered at a dose of 50 mg/d for the patients in group A for at least one year.Twenty-three recipients who never received angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor in the same condition were studied as Group B.The adverse reactions of enalapril were investigated in group A and the expression of TGF-?_1mRNA in renal grafts were compared between before and 1 year after enalapril therapy.At the end of 3-year study period,the renal function,the decrement of creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) and the concentration of TGF-?_1 in blood and urine were compared between the two groups respectively.Results The Ccr decreased faster in group B than in group A.During three years study period,the decrements of Ccr were(5.1?4.6) and(13.7?9.5)(ml/min) in group A and group B respectively,and there were 2 cases and 9 cases with chronic allograft nephropathy(CAN) respectively.The decrement of Ccr and the number of CAN cases were significant difference between group A and group B(all P

Objective To study the effect of synthetic HLA-derived peptide (P), HLA-B*2702.75-84, on the mean survival time (MST) of cardiac allografts in mice.Methods NIH mice cardiac allografts were heterotopically transplanted into the posterior of Balb/c ears. The HLA-derived peptide in combination with a subtherapeutic dose of CsA were perioperatively administrated. The pulsation of the cardiac allograft observed under the operating microscope was considered as the indication of the cardiac allograft surviving time or rejection. Results MST was ( 7.5? 0.5) days in untreated control group, ( 8.5? 1.5) days in CsA group and ( 7.0? 1.5) days in control peptide or P groups respectively, whereas MST was ( 26.5? 3.5) days in experimental group.Conclusion The synthetic HLA-derived peptide combined with subtherapeutic CsA can significantly prolong cardiac allograft survival in mice as compared with control groups.

Objective Aimed at the problem that there is no curative effect standard of liver-qi invasion of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), to construct the reference standard of curative effect evaluation for the liver-qi invasion of PMS. Method Curative effect evaluation research of Jingqianping granule was designed by the principle of random, double blind, contrast and multicentre. Three hundred and fifty-six patients with liver-qi invasion of PMS were divided into two groups randomly, one was Jingqianping granule, the other was placebo. Patients were given Jingqianping granule and placebo respectively for two menstrual cycles and followed–up for three menstrual cycles. The reference standard of curative effect evaluation for the liver-qi invasion of PMS was constructed with daily rating of severity of problems form (DRSP). Result Jingqianping granule and placebo have therapeutic effect on the patients with liver-qi invasion of PMS, and Jingqianping granule was better than placebo. DRSP can be used as indexes of curative effect evaluation. Conclusion The initial establishment of the curative effect evaluation criterion of PMS liver-qi invasion provides the important foundation for profession criterion’s establishment.

This study was aimed to reveal the roles of biological factors T3, T4 and TSH in the pathogenesis of liver-qi invasion syndrome and liver-qi depression syndrome of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in the body. Thus, we may expound the connotation of conceptpotential stagnation ofqi and blood. Female workers of Jinan and Qingdao were selected as target groups by epidemiological cross-sectional survey. And specially trained investigators were responsible for screening patients referred to criterion on the international diagnostic standards and syndrome diagnosis of PMS. Patients' blood was taken as samples during the follicular phase (6 to 14 days), luteal phase (15 to 23 days), premenstrual phase (24 to 28 days) and the menstrual phase (1 to 5 days), respectively. Blood samples were disposed according to requirements of radioimmunoassay. Single factor analysis of variance was used in the comparison with the level of T3, T4 and TSH in menstrual blood for different time intervals of the case group and the normal group by SPSS 10.0 statistical software. The results showed that T3 levels of patients with either syndrome were significantly reduced during the premenstrual phase and the menstrual phase (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes on the level of serum T4 and TSH before and after the occurrence of the disease. Both of them were significantly increased during each phase of the menstrual cycle. It was concluded that changes of T3, T4 and TSH were one of the mechanisms in disease with liver-qi invasion syndrome and liver-qi depression syndrome. The micro change was the essence ofpotential stagnation of qi and blood, which was the body condition of this disease.

Objective To investigate whether reduced or discontinued calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) can improve the renal functions of renal transplant recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Methods A total of 46 renal transplant recipients with declining graft function and biopsy proven CAN were studied. Within 1～2 weeks, CNI (Cyclosporine A or Tacrolimus ) in 27 recipients (group A) was discontinued or reduced to one third of their original doses, but Azathioprine (Aza) or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was increased properly. The doses of CNI in the 19 recipients (group B) were not changed obviously, but Aza or MMF was increased properly. At least 1-year follow-up was performed in all patients. Renal functions were compared between the two groups. The incidence of acute renal graft rejection was calculated in both groups. Results One year later, there were 17 patients (63.0%) with stabilized or improved graft function in group A, and 2 (10.5%) in group B. The difference was significant. The incidences of acute rejection in both groups were not significantly different. Conclusion For some renal transplant recipients with declining graft function and biopsy proven CAN, remarkably reduced or discontinued CNI can stabilize or improve their renal functions. Adjusting the doses of immunosuppressive agents does not increase the risk of acute rejection.

Objective To observe the efficacy of local gene transfection in CD154 extracellular domain on the survival of renal allografts. Methods The kidneys of Brown Norway (BN) rats were transfected with CD154 extracellular domain gene recombined adenovirus. The transfected kidneys were transplanted to Lewis rats (transfection group). BN→Lewis kidney transplantation with non transplanted kidneys served as the controls. The allograft survival time and the allograft function between the two groups were compared. Results The allograft survival time of the transfection group was longer than that of the controls significantly [(28?7.3)d vs (8.6?1.2) d, P

Objective: To study the serum sex hormone level and outer behavior changes of the rats that had gestated one fetus and been used to imitate the Gan qi adverseness of PMS. Methods: Selecting the appropriate time to stimulate the rats by impulse current to make the model and mensurating serum sex hormone level by radioactive kit. Results: The PRL level of the rats that were in the anaphase of their estrus raised evidently and the levle of E 2 and P reduced evidently.Conclusion: The model approximately reflected the clinical feature and pathological changes of the liver qi invasion of PMS. The model was made successfully.

Objective To observe the effect of Sini decoction on inflammatory response and immune function in septic rats and to discuss its possible mechanism.Methods 66 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=6),model group (n=30),and Sini decoction group (n=30).Septic model was reproduced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS,5 mg/kg).After the reproduction of sepsis,rats in Sini decoction group received Sini decoction (5 g/kg) by gavage,while those in model group were given equal dose of normal saline in the same way.Rats in normal control group did not receive any treatment.Blood was collected via eye sockets at 2,12,24,48,72 hours after LPS administration,then the rats were sacrificed.The concentrations of inflammatory mediators,such as interleukin (IL-1,IL-6,IL-10),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),and the expression level of monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) were determined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the pathological changes in intestinal mucosa were observed under electron microscope.Results The concentration of IL-1 (ng/L) at 2 hours in model group was gradually increased and peaked at 48 hours (4.07 ± 0.10),and then gradually decreased,while the IL-1 level in Sini decoction group peaked at 12 hours (2.98 ± 0.12) followed by a gradual decrease.IL-6 (ng/L) in model and Sini decoction groups peaked twice at 12 hours (91.39 ± 1.55,73.00 ± 2.38) and 48 hours (82.51 ± 1.49,64.68 ± 1.68) respectively.IL-10 (ng/L) in model group gradually decreased after peaking at 2 hours (86.66 ± 6.12),and that in Sini decoction decreased at 12 hours (71.61 ± 2.35) followed by an increasing tendency,and approached normal level at 48 hours (109.09 ±4.77 vs.124.01 ± 7.89,P＞0.05).TNF-α (ng/L) in model group was gradually increased and peaked at 48 hours (83.37 ±3.79),and that in Sini decoction peaked at 12 hours (48.52 ± 1.21),and decreased to normal level at 72 hours (18.59 ± 1.97 vs.15.50 ± 2.68,P＞0.05).During the course of the experiment,as compared with those of the model group,level of IL-1,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly lower at all time points in Sini decoction group,and IL-10was significantly higher.The expression level of HLA-DR (μg/L) in model and Sini decoction groups peaked at 2 hours (4.86 ± 0.15,4.85 ± 0.17),and then gradually lowered.HLA-DR expression μg/L) at 48 hours and 72 hours in Sini decoction group was significantly lower than that in model group (48 hours:4.21 ± 0.12 vs.2.74 ± 0.16,72 hours:3.80 ± 0.09 vs.2.27 ± 0.12,both P＜0.01).Pathological study of intestinal mucosa showed that the intestinal mucosa were infiltrated significandy by inflammatory cells,and villi were damaged severely in both model group and Sini decoction group at 2 hours after LPS challenge.Infiltration of inflammatory cells in Sini decoction group was less intense after 12 hours,and the intestine villi repair was more obvious compared with model group.Conclusion Sini decoction could regulate systemic inflammatory response,and promote the repair of intestinal mucosa,the intestinal function and the immune status of septic rats.