Objective To prepare and optimize formulation of ATRA liposomes. Methods ATRA liposomes was prepared by reverse evaporating method and to determine the concentration and the entrapment efficiency of ATRA liposomes by HPLC. Results The entrapment efficiency of the three ATRA liposomes formulations reached 33.98%, 42.11%, 70.34% respectively. The liposome was stable. The ATRA content of three formulations almost showed no change during the observing days. Conclusion The technique of preparing the ATRA liposomes is feasible and the method of quality control is simple and accurate.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the improvement of the quality of pharmaceutical care.METHODS:Patients’com_ plaints in2003～2004in the pharmacy department of our hospital were analyzed and the related information was considered in the formulation of countermeasures.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Giving consideration of patients'complaints that served as information resources in pharmaceutical management can promote a steady improvement of the quality of pharmaceutical care.

OBJECTIVE: To construct a structuralized training system in pharmacy department so as to enhance the core competitiveness in pharmacy.METHODS: The methods and procedures of constructing structuralized training system including alyzing training requirement,setting training goal,making training plan,putting the training plan into practice,evaluating and feedbacking in pharmacy department were introduced in detail.RESULTS: This system can help find the new training demands,contribute the continuity of training activities in pharmacy department and continuously improve the training system.CONCLUSION: The established structuralized training system in pharmacy department is practicable and it can guarantee scientific,orderly and standard running of the training work.

0 05). The postoperative complication developed in 3 57% for local resection, which was statistically lower than that for radical operation of 25 8% (? 2=7 63, P

OBJECTIVE:To train new employees in pharmacy department to be competent for the work of pharmacy.METHODS:The requirement of new employees training was analyzed,especially in the following aspects:their thoughts,mentality,training resource and their ability.Then the pertinent training target was decided and training plan was designed.The training result was also evaluated.RESULTS:"three items and four points"training plan was designed and implemented.The advisor system for new employee was put forward so as to provide practical and effective support and experience for the following new employee training.CONCLUSION:The evaluation of the design and implementation of training plan contribute to prove the effectiveness of the training for new employee.

Objective To investigate the effect of sciatic nerve injection of dexmedetomidine on the nociceptive behavior and spi-nal c-fos expression in formalin mice .Methods Adult male Kunming mice ,20-25 g ,were divided into 4 groups randomly :mice in group A and D were given an injection of NS (10 μL) and 0 .1 μg dexmedetomidine in 10 μL adjacent to the right sciatic nerve , sepretely .Mice in group B received intacutaneous injection of 10μL formalin(5% ) in the right hindpaws .Mice in group C were giv-en an injection of 0 .1 μg dexmedetomidine in 10 μL adjacent to the right sciatic nerve 15 min before formalin injection in the right hindpaws .Paw licking/biting time was counted every 5 min for an hour after hindpaw injections ,calculated pain score .1 hour after behavior tests ,the L4-5 of spinal cord were harvested to immunofluorescence for c-fos expression in the dorsal corn of spinal cord . Results Mice in group A、C and D showed no obvious foot licking/biting behaviors and a low level of c-fos expression in the dorsal corn of spinal cord .Compared with group A ,mice in group B displayed obvious two phases foot licking/biting behaviors(P<0 .05 , both in Phase Ⅰ and Phase Ⅱ) and a significant increasing expression of c-fos(P<0 .05) .Compared with group B ,dexmedetomi-dine injected to the adjacent of right sciatic nerve decreased the pain score and spinal c-fos expression in goup C(P<0 .05) .Conclu-sion Injection of dexmedetomidine to the right sciatic nerve alleviated intraplantar injected formalin-induced acute inflammatory pain ,and reduced the expression of spinal c-fos protein .

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine on action potential in isolated rabbit sinoatrial node cells.Methods Twenty-four healthy New Zealand rabbits of both sexes,weighing 1.5-2.5 kg,were sacrificed.Their hearts were removed and sinoatrial nodes were dissected and placed in Tyrode solution.Sixty isolated sinoatrial nodes were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =10 each):control group (group C),0.5 ng/ml dexmedetomedine group (group D1),5.0 ng/ml dexmedetomedine group (group D2),dexmedetomidine 5.0 ng/ml + yohimbine 1 μmol/L (alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist) group (group D2 + Y),dexmedetomidine 5.0 ng/ml + 2 mmol/L CsCl (blocker of pacemaker current) group (group D2 + C),and dexmedetomidine 50.0 ng/ml group (group D3).After perfusion with the Tyrode' s solution for 60 min,C group was perfused with Tyrode' s solution for another 40 min,D1-3 groups were perfused with Tyrode's solution cont(a)ining dexmedetomedine 0.5,5.0 and 50.0 ng/ml,respectively,for40 min,and D2 + Y and D2 + C groups were perfused with Tyrode' s solution containing 1 μmol/L yohimbine and 2 mmol/L CsCl,respectively,for 20 min,and then 5.0 ng/ml dexmedetomedine was added and sinoatrial nodes were perfused for 20 min.Maximal rate of depolarization (Vmax),amplitude of action potential (APA),action potential duration at 50％ and 90％ repolarization (APDso and APD90),velocity of diastolic (phase 4) depolarization (VDD),and rate of pacemaker firing (RPF) were recorded at 60 min of perfusion with Tyrode' s solution (T1),20 min of perfusion with yohimbine or CsCl (T2) and termination of perfusion with dexmedetomedine (T3).Results Compared with group C,APA,VDD and RPF were gradually decreased at T2,3 in groups D1-3 (P ＜ 0.05),and there was no significant difference in Vmax,APD50 and APD9o among C and D1-3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).VDD and RPF at T2 in group D2 + C and APA,VDD and RPF at T3 in groups D2 + Y and D2 + C were significantly lower than those at T1 (P ＜ 0.05).APA,VDD and RPF in group D2 + Y and APA in group D2 + C were significantly lower at T3 than at T2 (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine can decrease the sinoatrial node autorhythmicity in a concentration-dependent manner in rabbits,and the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of pacemaker current,but not alpha 2-adrenoreceptor.

The basic medication is an important part of the medical education and modem medical education has been characterized by innovative education. From innovative thoughte and quality training links as education concept, teaching mode, knowledge structure, training of method and ability, the research explores and practices how to stimulate the students' activity and consciousness, in the process the education of pathogenic biology to cultivate their innovative thinking ability.

Aim To investigate the effects of Guaveno-ic acid (GA)on proliferation,insulin synthesis and secretion in INS-1 cells and their possible mechanism. Methods INS-1 βcells were cultured in vitro.Control group,medium group,model group,drug groups and positive group were set.INS-1 cells were treated with GA (0.3,1 ,3,1 0,30 nmol·L -1 )for 48 h.The cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay.Acid-alco-hol was used to extract the insulin in the cells and the amount of insulin synthesis of INS-1 cells was tested by RIA.5.6,1 6.7 mmol·L -1 glucose was used to chal-lenge INS-1 cells for 1 h to the insulin secretion model (BIS and GSIS)was tested,and the insulin secretion of INS-1 cells was tested via RIA.The mRNA expres-sion of insulin gene,PDX-1 and MafA was tested by q-PCR.Results Compared with medium group,GA could promote the proliferation of INS-1 cells signifi-cantly (P <0.01 )and promote the synthesis of insulin in INS-1 cells significantly (P <0.01 ).GA(0.3 ~30 nmol· L -1 )could promote the BIS,GSIS of INS-1 cells significantly (P <0.05 or P <0.01 ).GA (3,30 nmol·L -1 )could up-regulate the mRNA expression of insulin gene,PDX-1 ,MafA in INS-1 cells signifi-cantly (P <0.01 ).Conclusions GA could signifi-cantly improve the proliferation of INS-1 cells and pro-mote the insulin synthesis and secretion of INS-1 cells, which may be associated with up-regulation of insulin gene,PDX-1 ,MafA mRNA expression.

Objective To compare the applicability of the Beijing Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) in screening for cognitive impairment in patients with acute ischemic stroke for 2-3 weeks.Methods MoCA and MMSE were conducted in 201 patients with acute ischemic stroke within 2 to 3 weeks after the onset of stroke.With MoCA＜23 and MMSE ＜26 as the cut off value,we assessed the clinic effect of the MoCA and MMSE and explored the correlation between two instruments.Results The average scores of MoCA and MMSE scale were (20.5±4.3) and (25.4±3.5) points.The prevalence of cognitive impairment evaluated with MoCA and MMSE were 57.2％and 43.3％,respectively.MoCA showed significant correlation with MMSE score (Pearson's correlation coefficient=0.833,P＜0.001),and an agreement with Kappa values of 0.532 (P＜0.01) in screening for cognitive impairment.Conclusions The prevalence of cognitive impairment assessed with MoCA is higher than that of with MMSE when using MoCA＜23 and MMSE＜26 as the cut off values.Both instruments show a good agreement for screening cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke within 2 to 3 weeks following the disease onset.