Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumor is a group of heterogeneous tumors and was considered as a rare tumor.According to the data of recent years,its incidence has been increased significantly.The clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are varied,and serum chromogranin-A is considered the most important biomarker of both non-functioning and functioning neuroendocrine tumors.The traditional imaging examination and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy are helpful to diagnosis.Its treatments include surgery,biological treatment,radionuclide therapy and chemical therapy.The aim of this paper is to summarize briefly the clinical symptoms,diagnostic methods and treatment options of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors.

Long non-coding RNAs are important regulators of gene expression.ANRIL which was coded on the Chr9p21.3 loci participates in the pathogenesis of tumor, coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and oth-er diseases.Multiple ANRIL isoforms are tissue-specific.ANRIL mainly functions through Polycomb proteins, while there are also other downstream targets.The mechanism of each isoform and the downstream pathways are hotspots incurrent researches.

Lead compound optimization plays an important role in new drug discovery and development. The strategies for changing metabolic pathways can modulate pharmacokinetic properties, prolong the half life, improve metabolism stability and bioavailability of lead compounds. The strategies for changing metabolic pathways and improving metabolism stability are reviewed. These methods include blocking metabolic site, reduing lipophilicity, changing ring size, bioisosterism, and prodrug.

[Objective] To compare the clinical cure effects of different operations on myomectomy, and screen out best clinical treatment for hysteromyoma in child-bearing period. [Method] Trace back and analyse 200 cases of such patients, divide them into laparotomy group, laparoscope group, vaginal group and UAE group under different therapies, compare cure effect analysis. [Result] On operation time, operation bleeding and evacuation time, the UAE group ,vaginal and laparoscope groups were successively better than the laparotomy group; but on post-operation medication rate and average in-hospital days, the UAE group was successively less than laparoscope, vaginal and laparotomy groups. On complication rate,the laparoscope was successively less than UAE, vaginal and laparotomy groups.[Conclusion] 4 therapies have respective advantages, UAE and laparoscope myomectomy have little trauma, quick re-covery and reliable cure effect, however, laparotomy can't be completely replaced owing to its wide indications.

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis mostly occurs in Asians,blacks and Hispanicsis,which is the most important reason for the occurrence and recurrence of ischemic stroke.The current studies mainly concentrate on the aspect of the relationship between the intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis and the traditional risk factors.With the development of genetic technology,the relationship between the genetic factors and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis has also received increasing attention.This article reviews the advances in research on the traditional risk factors for intraeranial atherosclerotic stenosis and genetic research.

OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively analyze the feasibility of neural differentiation from human umbilical cord blood cells and the transplantation in treating rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. DATA SOURCES: A computer-based online search of Pubmed was undertaken for articles about neural differentiation from human umbilical cord blood cells in the treatment of rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury via transplantation published in English between January 2000 and December 2005 by using the keywords of "mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord blood, transplantation". Meanwhile, we searched the Wanfang database for related Chinese literature published between January 2002 and December 2005 with the same key words in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION: The articles about neural differentiation from human umbilical cord blood cells and transplantation in treating rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury were arranged to select those with strong points. As to those in the same field, the articles published recently or in authorized journals were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Totally 37 articles were collected, of which 31 ones were accorded the criteria and 6 were excluded. DATA SYNTHESIS: Many studies showed that mesenchymal stem cells with strong plasticity could be isolated from umbilical cord blood. Also, mesenchymal stem cells from umbilical cord blood have many merits: ①It is primitive with inferior antigenicity and few primary cells with toxicity, so the incidence rate of graft versus host disease is low, and the adverse effect is slighter; moreover, the blood has strong differentiated ability, can express stably exogenous target gene in vivo and in vitro. ②With widespread source, large quantity, easy to collect, prepare and store, not involving in the problem of society, ethics and law and so on. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells can be used as a new source to treat central nervous system disease. CONCLUSION: Though mesenchymal stem cells have wide application prospect, the research on the transplantation in treating nervous system disease is emerging and vacant in many areas, so we need to do further study to provide a new channel for treating central nervous system disease.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of six active constituents ( ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid,ephedrine hydrochloride,protocatechuic acid,protocatechualdehyde and naringin) in Jizhi syrups. Methods:A Zorbax XDB-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm)column was used. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.9% acetic acid (B) with gradient elution at the flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength was changed as follows:257 nm for 0-22. 0 min, 326 nm for 22. 0-30. 0 min, 320 nm for 30. 0-52. 0 min, 210 nm for 52. 0-58. 0 min and 283 nm for 58. 0-60. 0 min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The separation of the six active constituents was good. The linear range ( r>0. 9990) was 2. 817-112. 670, 2. 342-93. 670, 0. 710-28. 415, 0. 776-31. 035, 0. 694-27. 755 and 1. 279-51. 175 ng for ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, ephedrine hydrochloride, protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde and naringin, respectively. The average recover-ies varied from 99.3% to 99.8%(RSD varied from 0.18% to 0.28%). Conclusion: The method is rapid with high sensitivity, promising accuracy and good specificity, which can provide scientific basis for the quality control of Jizhi syrups.

Objegtive To investigate the effect and significance of cinobufagin on the expression of CD44s in ovarian carcinoma 3AO cells cultured in vitro.Methods Ovarian carcinoma 3AO cells were cultured in vitro;after the intervention of tinobufagin with different concentration,the expression of CD44s was measured by RT-PCR,and the cellular apoptosis was tested by flow cytometry.Results Ovarian carcinoma 3AO cells expressed CD44S mRNA of 1.3±0.1 and the cellular apoptofic rate was(2.31±0.98)%:0.25 mg/ml cinobufagin did not affect CD44s mRNA and cellular apoptofic rate(P ＞0.05):when 2.5 mg/ml cinobufagin was intervened,the expression of CD44s mRNA was 1.0±0.1 and the cellular apoptotic rate Was(28.69±4.16)%,showing significant difference comparing with the control group of ovarian carcinoma 3AO ceils(P＜0.05):the intervention of 25 mg/ml cinobufagin was similar to that of 0.25 mg/ml cinobuhgin(P＞0.05).3AO cells.

Objective To study bioactivity of microencapsulated peripheral nerve tissue after transplanted into abdominal cavity and analyze the in vivo time-effect relation. Methods Microencap-sulated peripheral nerve tissues were injected into the abdominal cavity of mice. Results Microencap-sulated peripheral nerve could remain intact six months after transplantation. The peripheral nerve cells survived, with normal proliferation function. Conclusions Microencapsulated peripheral nerve tissues can remain bioactivity at least six weeks in vivo. Improved technique of microencapsulation may prolong bioactivity of microencapsulated peripheral nerve tissues and accordingly promote nerve regeneration fol-lowing peripheral nerve injury.

Objective To investigate the role of various CA125 value in serum in instructing the treatment of endometrial cancer. Method The preoperative CA125 serum level of 147 cases of endometrisl cancer was examined by radioimmunoassay. Results Among patients with endometrial cancer, the CA125 level was higher in stages Ⅲ and Ⅳ than that in stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ (P<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of CA125 > 20 kU/L in diagnosis of the endometrial cancer were 70.7% and 98.0%, and CA125 > 35 kU/L were 58.2% and 100.0%, respectively. The CA125 value of eases with cytological positive in abdomen was higher than that of cases with cytological negative. Conclusion The examination of CA125 serum level is valuable in the judgement of operative stages and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer.