Feature extraction is a very crucial step in P300-based brain-computer interface (BCI) and independent component analysis (ICA) is a suitable P300 feature extraction method. But at present the convergence performance of the general ICA iteration methods are not very satisfactory. In this paper, a method based on quantum particle swarm optimizer (QPSO) algorithm and ICA technique is put forward for P300 extraction. In this method, quantum computing is used to impel ICA iteration to globally converge faster. It achieved the purpose of extracting P300 rapidly and efficiently. The method was tested on two public datasets of BCI Competition II and III, and a simple linear classifier was employed to classify the extracted P300 features. The recognition accuracy reached 94.4% with 15 times averaged. The results showed that the proposed method could extract P300 rapidly and the extraction effect did not reduce. It provides an experimental basis for further study of real-time BCI system.
Algorithms ; Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Humans ; Principal Component Analysis ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Objective To investigate the possible injury mechanism of human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell-2 (HK-2) induced by aristolochic acid (AA). Methods Cultured HK-2 cells were divided into 4 groups:normal control,treated by AA at the concentration of 30,60 and 120 ?mol/L for 48 h respectively. The morphological changes were observed by inverted phase contract microscopy. The cell viability was measured by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay. Apoptotic cells were identified by flow cytometry. Expression of active Caspase-3 was measured by Western blot analysis. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the contents of LDH and ?-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) in the supernatant. The expression of E-cadherin and a-SMA was detected with laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of TGF-?1 and collagen Ⅲ in the supernatant quantitatively. Results AA inhibited HK-2 cells proliferation,induced cell apoptosis and activated Caspase-3 expression,and increased the LDH and NAG levels. All of these were in a concentration-dependent manner. AA at the concentration of 60 ?mol/L inhibited E-cadherin expression,increased ?-SMA expression and TGF-?1 and collagen Ⅲ secretion. Conclusion AA inhibits cell proliferation,induces apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HK-2 cells. AA at relatively low concentration (≤60 ?mol/L) mainly induces EMT in HK-2 cells,while,that at high concentration (≥120 ?mol/L) causes apoptosis and cytotoxicity.

Objective To observe the clinical therapeutic effects of Yishen-Jianpi-Huoxue Decoction on the adolescent patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).Methods 42 patients diagnosed of PCOS of spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome were recruited in to traditional Chinese medicine group and treated with Yishen-Jianpi-Huoxue Decoction,and 35 patients of PCOS were recruited into control group and guided with the healthy lifestyle.The course of the treatment was 3 months.The menstrual cycle,body mass index (BMI),F-G score,GAGS score,basal body temperature (BBT),and endocrine related inspection were analyzed before and after the treatment.Results The clinical symptoms and related laboratory tests were improved in both groups after the treatment,but the effects of traditional Chinese medicine group was much better than the control group in BMI(23.11+3.64),GAGS score(7.33±7.06),FINS(14.73+8.97) mmol/L,and HOMA-IR (3.13 ±1.94),P＜0.05 or ＜0.01.Conclusion Yishen-Jianpi-Huoxue Decoction can improve the clinical symptoms and endocrine condition of edolescent PCOS patients.

Pancreatic resection is the treatment choice for pancreatic malignancy and cer-tain benign pancreatic disorders. Althogh, pancreatic resection requires high techndogy whereas current mortality after a pancreaticoduodenectomy has dropped to below 3 % in expe-rienced high-volume centers and post-operative morbidity is still as high as 50%. At pres-ent, the single most significant cause of morbidity and mortality after pancreatectomy is the development of pancreatic leakage and fistula (PF). The occurrence of a PF increases the length of hospital stay and the cost of treatment, requires additional investigations and proce-dures, and can result in life-threatening complications. Early recognition of a PF and prompt institution of appropriate treatment is critical to the prevention of potentially devastating con-sequences; however there is no universally accepted definition of PF that would allow stand-ardized reporting and proper comparison of outcomes between different centers. The present article reviews the conlept evolution of PF and discusses the current preventive strategies.

Relations between doctor and patient are basic and important human relation in medical practice.Because of some reasons,the relations appear tense status in our country,moreover the market economy flourishingly develops,as the result of medical organizations suffering more and more existent pressure.It is an important subject faced for people,especially for medical worker,to righly think the existed defects,and set up the mutual action between doctor and patient.

Ecological system of subjects innovation is a strategic paradigm proposed by researchers of subjects innovation.In order to achieve efficient knowledge reuse and continuous knowledge innovation,Ecological system of subjects innovation reconstructs,integrates and optimizes the internal and external resource scattered in different subjects,knowledge chains ,knowledge alliances,knowledge clusters.To construct the cooperative innovation model of ecological system of subjects innovation.In this paper,the definition of ecological system of subjects innovation has been given.Then cooperative innovation model has been constructed and ecological system of subjects innovation has been demonstrated through some cases.Cooperative innovation model of ecological system of subjects innovation is composed of the purpose,the partner and the cooperation.Using extended network cooperation model,ecological system of subjects innovation gain the advantages of competition.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard for Gardenia jasminoides. METHODS:The moisture,total ash and extract were determined. HPLC was used for contents determination of geniposide,rutin,crocinⅠand crocinⅡ:the column was Waters Xbridge-C18 with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid(gradient elution,gardenia and rutin),methanol-water (45∶55,V/V,crocinⅠ,crocinⅡ)at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min;detection wavelength was 256 nm for gardenia and rutin,440 nm for crocinⅠ,crocinⅡ;column temperature was 30℃;injection volume was 10μl for gardenia and rutin,5μl for crocinⅠ,cro-cinⅡ. RESULTS:The moisture total ash and ethanol-soluble extract of G. jasminoides were 5.8%-8.4%,3.7%-5.9% and 29.5%-37.9%,respectively. The linear range was 162.08-1 620.84 μg/ml for geniposide(r=0.999 9),2.07-20.72 μg/ml for rutin (r=0.999 9),8.04-80.41 μg/ml for crocinⅠ(r=0.999 9)and 1.05-10.53 μg/ml for crocinⅡ(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,sta-bility and reproducibility test were lower than 2%;recoveries were 99.33%-101.43%(RSD=1.09%,n=6),97.97%-101.83%(RSD=1.39%,n=6),97.97%-101.30%(RSD=1.36%,n=6) and 98.65%-103.04%(RSD=1.84%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The established standard can be used for the quality control of G. jasminoides commercially available.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of Ginkgo‐Leaf Capsule combined with tripterygium glycoside in the treat‐ment of diabetic nephropathy(DN) and its influence on CysC ,Hcy and VEGF .Methods Eighty patients with DN treated in our hospital from January 2013 to April 2015 were selected as research subjects and equally divided into the control group and the ob‐servation group according to the random number table ,40 cases in each group .Besides the conventional Western medicine treat‐ment ,the control group was given tripterygium glycoside ,while the observation group was given Kinkgo‐Leaf Capsule combined with tripterygium glycoside .The treatment course was 3 months .Then ,the curative efficacy ,indices of renal function ,levels of Cy‐sC ,Hcy and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) ,and occurrence situation of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups .Results The total therapeutic efficacy rate in the observation group and the control group was 92 .50% and 80 .00%respectively without statistically significant difference (P>0 .05) .In the comparison with the control group after treatment ,the re‐nal function indices of serum creatinine ,urea nitrogen ,24 h urinary protein ,level of serum CysC ,Hcy and VEGF in the observation group were statistically decreased (P< 0 .05) .During the treatment process ,no severe adverse reactions occurred in the two groups .The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the observation group and the control group was 17 .5% and 12 .5% respectively without statistical difference (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Ginkgo‐Leaf Capsule combined with tripterygium glycoside is effective and reliable for treating DN ,which can significantly improve the renal function ,reduces the level of serum CysC ,Hcy and VEGF .

Depression is a difficult problem because of its unresolved etiology , complex pathogenic factors ,and unknown path-ogenesis in the field of neuroscience .In recent years,the research of the pathogenesis in depression had made important progress at home and abroad .This article elaborates the mainstream hypothesis of depression mechanism to broaden the understanding depression in the fields of neurobiochemical study , neuroendocrine and neural plasticity studies .

Objective:To objectively and dynamically assess the therapeutic effects of acupuncturemoxibustion on stomach diseases by a review and statistical analysis of year 2000-2009 literature on acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for stomach diseases,facilitate the development of clinical acupuncturemoxibustion from the summarization of individual experience to the study of group experience and further exploit the advantages of acupuncture-moxibustion science.Methods:Statistical and expert analyses were made on the basis of the data from China Modem Acupuncture-moxibustion Information Databank.Results:There were 11 kinds of diseases in the acupuncture-moxibustion spectrum of stomach diseases.It was suggested that points Zusanli(ST 36),Zhongwan(CV 12),Weishu(BL 21),Pishu(BL 20),Neiguan(PC 6)and Sanyinjiao(SP 6)be used as a basic prescription for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of stomach diseases and corresponding treatment be selected according to the character of each disease.Conclusion:acupuncturemoxibustion has a certain therapeutic effect on stomach diseases,but the clinical application and observed cases should be increased.