Objective To investigate the recent effect and safety of magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) for treating uterine fibroids with a Meta analysis. Methods Such databases as Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase, CBM,CNKI,CQVIP and Wanfang were searched from their establishment. After thestudy selected, assessment and data extraction conducted by two reviewers independently, Meta-analysis were performed by using the Comprehensive Meta-analysis V2 software. The volume of non-perfusion ratio (NPVR), fibroid shrinkage, clinical symptom severity (SSS score) and adverse reactions were analyzed.Results Nighteen retrieved articles were included, with a total of 1 549 patients. The results of Meta-analysis showed that:(1)nonperfused volume ratio (NPVR),Mean=57.1%(95%CI 45.0% —69.2%).(2)Percentage of FBs shrinkage:mean=31.4% (95% CI 29.2% —33.6%).(3)Symptom severity score (SSS):baseline mean=51.00(95%CI 41.61—60.40),3 months mean=32.50 (95%CI 25.90—39.10),6 months mean=28.62(95%CI(23.57—33.66),12 months mean=24.46(95%CI 15.44—33.49), the average of the severity score of the patient symptoms had a tendency to reduce.(4)The degree of adverse reactions were mild and could relieve itself, there was fewer serious adverse reactions. Conclusions The current evidence indicates that MRgFUS in treatment of uterine fibroidsis reliable and safe. MRgFUS can significantly reduce the volume and the symptom severity score ofthe patients.

Objective To synthesize novel gold nanoparticles of GAL-PEG-GNPs,study its radiation effect on hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 cells in vitro,and investigate the underlying mechanisms.Methods GAL-PEG-GNPs were synthesized and characterized successfully.HepG2 cells were divided into three groups of control,GNPs and GAL-PEG-GNPs.The cytotoxicities of these compounds were tested by the CCK-8 assay and their IC50 values of HepG2 cells were calculated.Cell uptake of nanoparticles was detected by TEM and ICP-MS.The radiosensitization effect of nanoparticles was tested by the colony formation assay.Cell cycle distribution was detected by FCM.The expressions of CAT,SOD,and total GSH were detected with a microplate reader,and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were tested by Western blot.Results The GNPs and GAL-PEG-GNPs had absorption peaks at 520 and 530 nm,respectively,and their diameters were (22.6-±2.12) and (32.0 ± 1.41) nm detected by ICP-MS.The GAL-PEG-GNPs and GNPs had similar cytotoxicity profiles (P ＞ 0.05),while GAL-PEG-GNPs could be more effectively uptaken by HepG2 cells than GNPs.The sensitive enhancement ratio (SER) of GNPs and GAL-PEG-GNPs to HepG2 cells were 1.46 和 1.95,respectively.The percentage of cells at phase of G2/M in HepG2 population treated with GNP was higher than that of untreated cells (t =14.20,P ＜0.05).The protein expressions of Cytochrome C,Bax,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 were upregulated while Bcl-2 expression was down-regulated in the cells treated with GNPs/radiation or GAL-PEGGNPs/radiation.The expressions of CAT,SOD and total GSH in the GNP treated groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group(t =12.34,29.39,12.85,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions GALPEG-GNPs has obvious radiosensitization effect on HepG2 cells,which is related to the induction of cell apoptosis and the generation of free radicals.

Objective To evaluate the value of contrast enhanced MR imaging (CEMRI)for the diagnosis of focal liver lesions with Meta analysis.Methods Relevant English and Chinese language studies were searched on the Pubmed,EMBASE,EBSCO,OV-ID,CNKI,CBM,VIP,WANFANG databases,respectively.Data were calculated with software of STATA 1 1.0 and Meta Disc 1.4. Results 1 7 of 2836 retrieved studies were included,the pooled sensitivity and specificity for CEMRI with 95% confidence interval (95%CI)were 0.85(0.84-0.87)and 0.86(0.84-0.88),respectively,the AUC of SROC was 0.91 6 8.Conclusion CEMRI can be used as one of the primary examination modalities for focal liver lesions with moderate sensitivity and specificity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the curative effect of penile elongation with four differentoperative approaches.

METHODSThrough four different operative approaches (the coronary sulcus ringincision, Y or Z shaped incision or Z shaped incision combined with coronary sulcus ring incision), thepenile skin and fascia were degloved until the penile root. Then the superficial and deep dorsal penilesuspensory ligament were cut off. After electric coagulation of the residue ends, the two-side tissue at thefront of the pubic symphysis was sutured. Then the penile skin and fascia were repositioned and the incisionat the inner and outer plate was closed.

RESULTSThe increased penile static length was (2.9 ± 0.2) cmwith abdominal wall Y incision (12 cases); (3.1 ± 0.3) cm with transabdominal modified Z incision (260 cases); (3.9 ± 0.7) cm with coronary sulcus ring incision (363 cases); (3.4 ± 0.8) cm with combined incision (39 cases). The lengthening effect was significantly different between the coronary ring incision and abdominal wall Y/Z incision (P < 0.05). The postoperative follow-up period was 6 months to 5.5 years without serious complications. Only 3 cases of subcutaneous hematoma occurred with treatment of debridement and drainage. 4 cases with ischemic necrosis at distal penile skin, were treated with debridement, dressing and physiotherapy, leaving no scar.

CONCLUSIONSPenile lengthening surgery are safe and effective through different approaches. The coronal ring incision has the best therapeutic effect.

Bandages ; Debridement ; Drainage ; Electrocoagulation ; Fasciotomy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ligaments ; surgery ; Male ; Necrosis ; surgery ; Organ Size ; Penis ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; surgery ; Postoperative Period ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Skin ; Time Factors

Photodynamic therapy(PDT)is a new type of minimally invasive treatment in recent years.After the photosensiti-zer is injected into the body for a period of time,it specifically accumulates in the tumor tissue.At this time,the tumor tissue site is ir-radiated with light of a specific wavelength and the photosensitizer occurs photodynamic reaction to kill tumor cells.With the continu-ous progress of endoscopic guidance technology and the emergence of new photosensitizers,PDT has made significant progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies and the curative effect is remarkable.This article describes the principle of PDT,and focuses on the application of PDT in gastrointestinal cancer for clinical treatment and research as a reference.

Background: Previous studies showed neurography and tractography of the greater occipital nerve (GON). The purpose of this study was determining diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters of bilateral GONs and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in unilateral cervicogenic headache as well as the grading value of DTI for severe headache. The correlation between DTI parameters and clinical characteristics was evaluated. Methods: The fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in bilateral GONs and cervical DRG (C2 and C3) were measured. Grading values for headache severity was calculated using a receiver operating characteristics curve. The correlation was analyzed with Pearson’s coefficient. Results: The FA values of the symptomatic side of GON and cervical DRG (C2 and C3) were significantly lower than that of the asymptomatic side (all the P < 0.001), while the ADC values were significantly higher (P = 0.003, P < 0.001, and P = 0.003, respectively). The FA value of 0.205 in C2 DRG was considered the grading parameter for headache severity with sensitivity of 0.743 and specificity of 0.999 (P < 0.001). A negative correlation and a positive correlation between the FA and ADC value of the GON and headache index (HI; r = –0.420, P = 0.037 and r = 0.531, P = 0.006, respectively) was found. Conclusions DTI parameters in the symptomatic side of the C2 and C3 DRG and GON were significantly changed. The FA value of the C2 DRG can grade headache severity. DTI parameters of the GON significantly correlated with HI.

Objective To analyze the causal relationship between genetically predicted body mass index(BMI)and prostate cancer(PCa)risk with Mendelian randomization(MR),in order to explore the potential risk factors for PCa and the development of prevention strategies.Methods Two-sample MR was performed using BMI genome-wide association study(GWAS)data of 339 224 samples and PCa GWAS data of 463 010 samples.After that,69 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)of BMI were used as instrumental variables to perform MR analysis on PCa.MR analysis adopted the inverse variance weighting method(IVW),MR-Egger method,weighted median method(WME),simple mode method(SM)and weighted mode method(WM).Heterogeneity test,plciotropy test and leave-one-out sensitivity test were used to verify the stability and reliability of the data.Results In the IVW analysis,it was found that BMI was associated with the risk of PCa(OR:0.997,95％CI:0.995-0.999,P=0.001).In the WME(OR:0.996,95％CI:0.994-0.999,P=0.009),and WM(OR:0.995,95％CI:0.991-1.000,P=0.045),the same results were obtained.There was no statistical significant difference between the MR-Egger method(OR:0.996,95％CI:0.991-1.002,P=0.205)and SM(OR:0.995,95％CI:0.990-1.000,P=0.079).Conclusion There is a causal relationship between a genetically predicted higher BMI and a lower risk of PCa by two sample MR analysis.This finding can prove a reference for identifying potential risk factors for PCa and the development of prevention strategies.

Radiation therapy is the core treatment of tumor treatment, whose side effects are bothering clinical medical staff. This paper will explore the predictor of side effects benefiting clinical practice from macro and micro perspective, summarize research progress of predicting radiation side effects, and indicate the significance of nurses in the prediction of radiation side effects. On one hand, national nurses can develop local study according to research status quo, and on the other hand they can apply evidence-based predictor of side effects in clinical, perfect the assessment, intervention and health education process of radiation patient′s side effects, so as to promote the whole level of radiation nursing.

Objective To explore the scientific and effective communication education mode in the hospitalized tumor patients.Methods The patients were divided into two groups according to the time,and the control group received the traditional single dimension communication education,and the observation group received the multidimensional and systematic communication education.The patient satisfaction and the incidence of defects such as delayed CT examination,complaints operation cost and so on were compared between two groups.Results The satisfaction was 98.4％ (1 256/1 276) in the observation group,and was higher than 91.3％ (918/1 005) in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =63.199,P ＜ 0.01).The nursing defects including delayed CT examination,complaints operation cost,failure to wear the wrist strap,use of electrical appliances and so on in the observation group were significantly decreased,and the total incidence rate of nursing defects in the observation group was 0.86％ (11/1 276),and was significantly lower than 17.8％ (179/1 005) in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =34.78,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The multidimensional and systematic communication education can significantly improve the patient satisfaction,and can effectively reduce the nursing defects,and is worthy of wide clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of exosomes secreted from human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells under hypoxic or normoxic conditions on the radiosensitivity and invasiveness of normoxia cells.Methods A549 cells were cultured in hypoxic (1％ O2) and normoxic (21％ O2) conditions,respectively.The exosomes (N-EXO and H-EXO) secreted from normoxic or hypoxic A549 cells were collected by ultracentrifugation and its number was measured using a NanoSight detector.The appearance and size distribution of exosomes were observed by a scanning electron microscopy.The exosomal marker protein CD63 was measured by Western blot.The proliferation of cells exposed to X-rays under hypoxic or normoxic conditions were detected by CCK8 assay.The cell uptake situation of exosomes labeled with PKH67 was observed by a fluorescence microscopy.Cell migration and invasiveness were detected by a cell scratch test and transwell assay.The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9 was detected by ELISA.Cellular radioresistance effect of exosomes was evaluated by a colony formation assay.Results The NanoSight measurement showed the number of exosomes in cell culture medium was increased after hypoxia treatment.The H-EXO and N-EXO showed typical ring cake shape.The size distribution of H-EXO was mainly between 30 nm and 200 nm,smaller than that of N-EXO (50-220 nm).Western blot assay showed that CD63 was expressed in both H-EXO and N-EXO.At 4 and 6 days after 2 Gy X-rays irradiation,cell proliferation rate of hypoxia A549 cells was significantly higher than that of normoxia cells.The green fluorescent marker of exosomes,PKH67,was distributed inside of the cell.Cell scratch test showed that the width of H-EXO group was much smaller than that of N-EXO group at 12,24 and 48 hours after exosomes treatment (t =2.96,6.76,3.35,P ＜ 0.05).Transwell assay showed that the number of transmembrane cells in the H-EXO group was more than that in the N-EXO group and the control group (t =4.84,7.88,P ＜ 0.O1).The expression levels of MMP2 (t =4.70,3.21,P＜0.05) and MMP9 (t =5.61,3.76,P＜0.05) in the supernatant of H-EXO group were significantly higher than those in the control and N-EXO groups.Cell survival assay showed that the D0 values of control,N-EXO and H-EXO group were 2.614,2.552 and 4.50 respectively,indicating that H-EXO could enhance radioresistance of A549 cells significantly.Conclusions This study finds that the number of exosomes released from A549 cells was increased under hypoxic condition but its size becomes smaller than that under normoxia.Hypoxic exosomes can promote the migration of normoxia cells andenhance cell radioresistance as well.