With high morbidity and mortality,nosocomial bacterial meningitis(NBM)is a kind of serious nosocomial infection.Post-neurosurgical patients are at a high risk of this infection andNBM in-creases hospital stay and medical expense obviously.In this article,we reviewed recent studiesonpathogen-esis,treatment,and research progress of NBM in neurosurgical patients,and presented unresolved ques-tions and research direction in the future.

Objective To explore the accuracy rate of classical anatomical landmark technique ( anterior , central , and posterior ap-proach) for internal jugular vein (IJV) by ultrasound technique.Methods Sixty-four patients with selective operation were included in this study.The anesthetist marked the anterior approach , central approach, and posterior approach for internal jugular vein at 0°(neu-ral), 30°,and 80°of head rotation, respectively.The accuracy of each anatomical landmark were examined by other anesthetist with ul -trasound technique .Results The accuracy rate of anterior approach and central approach were significantly higher than posterior ap -proach at 0°of head rotation, respectively.The accuracy rate of anterior approach was higher than posterior approach at 30°of head rota-tion.The accuracy rate was similar among anterior , central, and posterior approach at 80°of head rotation.Conclusion The accuracy rate was different in different approach of anatomical landmark for internal jugular vein .

Fifty-six cases of intractable hiccup in cancer patients treated with acupuncture in a treatment group were compared with 58 cases treated with routine western medicine in a control group. The result showed that the effective rate was 87.5% in the treatment group and 32.8% in the control group. Ridit was used for analysis. The effective rate in the treatment group was much higher than that in the control group (P＜0.01).

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a commonly seen digestive disease. So far,there is no golden standard for the diagnosis of GERD. The main diagnosis methods used in clinical practice include gastroscopy,24 h esophageal pH monitoring and proton pump inhibitor test,however,these methods are either invasive or complex in procedure and with low diagnostic accuracy rate. Gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire(GerdQ)possesses multiple advantages such as simple,non-invasive and easily acceptable. This article reviewed the use of GerdQ in diagnosis of GERD.

Stroke is a type of neurological disease with high morbidity,disability,and mortality.It has become a global public health problem.At present,the stroke burden in countries around the world has shown an upward trend.This article reviews the extent of population health hazards caused by stroke,as well as the evaluation of economic burden of the disease.

BACKGROUND:With the development of researches on periodontal disease etiology and neuroendocrine factors, the role of neuroendocrine factors on the pathogenesis of periodontal disease and tissue restoration has become a hot spot.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the biological effect of neuropeptides on periodontal tissues and the changes of periodontal tissue after nerve injury.
METHODS:A computer-based search of articles was performed in CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases using the key words ofneuropeptides, calcitonin gene related peptide, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y and periodontal tissuein Chinese and English. The included articles focused on the effect of various neuropeptides on periodontal tissue.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Calcitonin gene related peptide, substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and neuropeptide Y positive nerve fibers are widely distributed in periodontal support tissues. When sensory nerves are damaged, the target cel s in periodontal tissues are influenced due to changes of nerve fibers distribution and neuropeptide release. They also play a role in the reconstruction of alveolar bone, immune function of periodontal ligament and periodontal tissue. This evidence shows that neuroendocrine factors are closely linked with periodontal tissue. However, these studies concentrated in the animal models for orthodontic and fracture, the effect of the neurotransmitters such as neuropeptides on periodontal disease and the mechanisms need further exploration.

Metebonomics is a branch of system biology,which,based on group index analysis, aims to analyze low molecular weight metabolites of the body both qualitatively and quantitatively through high flux and data processing.In recent years,the application of metabonomics to research of cardio-vascular pharmacology has been attracing more attention.This paper,by researching do mestic and overseas literature,summarizes the applications of metabonomics in the prevention and treatment of co mmon cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension,hyperlipide mia,atherosclerosis and myocardial ische mia.Related pharmacological researches targeted at patients,ani mal models and cell models clas-sified.Evidence for evaluation of effects and mechanis ms of drugs is provided by analyzing the patterns of change of metabolites in the progression of diseases.Finally,meaningful biomarkers are proposed.

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a kind of malignant cloning hyperplastic disease of hematopoietic stem cell .The treatments based on molecular biological and immunological techniques will become the new therapies .Gene silence can improve the effects of molecular targeted therapeutic drugs through two ways: one is the target mRNA can be digested by siRNA and the other is target gene lose the stability and reduce the generation of protein mediated by miRNA .Adoptive cel-lular immunotherapy is a treatment method through injecting immunocompetent cells such as CIK , NK, etc into the body of cancerous person .This can improve the immunity of body and the effects of molecular targeted therapeutic drugs .The fur-ther study about basic theory , molecular mechanism and clinical effects will be continued .

Bmi-1 is a core member of the polycomb group genes.As a proto-oncogene,Bmi-1 plays an important role in cell self-renewal,proliferation and apoptosis.Several studies have shown that Bmi-1 is highly expressed in some head and neck malignant tumors,such as nasopharyngeal cancer and laryngeal carcinoma.Furthermore,the expression level of Bmi-1 is closely related to the occurrence,development,incursion and prognosis of tumor.Bmi-1 is expected to become a novel tumor molecular marker,and provides a new direction for the treatment of the head and neck malignant tumor.

Objective To screen early urine protein markers for minimal change nephropathy.Methods Adriamycin nephropathy was employed as minimal change nephropathy model.Urinary protein and ConA captured glycoproteins were respectively profiled.Results By profiling urine proteome,25 differential proteins were identified.These differential proteins were from leaked plasma proteins,secreted proteins from immuno-and inflammatory cells,specifically asecreted proteins from urinary tract,and so on.They took part in different pathogenic process,eg.hemodynamic changes,podocytes injury,immunological disorder and so on.By profiling ConA-enriched urinary glycoproteome,21 differential proteins were identified,among which 12(57%) were different from the above 25 differential proteins.This indicates that the knowledge of urine glycoproteome is complementary to urine proteome in understanding kidney condition.Conclusion These differential proteins can be potential indicators of minimal change nephropathy,and can help better understand the pathogenesis by further studying their functions.