BACKGROUND:Oral insulin iS easy to be degradated by hydrochloric acid in gastric iuice and the enzyme which exists in stomach and intestines,while it is dimcult to through the epithelium cell membrane of gastrointestinal.Even a lasting-long injection iS taken,and it still needs an injection once 36 hours.OBJECTIVE:To prepare oraI insulin sustained-release microspheres.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Contrast observation which was carried out at the Laboratory of Medical Chemistry of Nanjing Information Engineering University from September 2003 to December 2004.MATERIALS:Insulin Was provided bv Nanjing Medicinal Factory of Bio-Chemistry.METHODS:A new method tO prepare the microsphere,I.e.,drying through liquid phase was adopted with the special pH and the acrylic acid polymer which could be dissolved as the medicine'S carrier of the sustained-release microphere.MAIN 0UTCOME MEASURES:The effects of polymer concentration and agitation rates on size of microspheres and drug incorporation efficiency were studied by scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)and ultraviolet-spectrophotometry.RESULTS:The temperature,drug payloads and the content of emulsifier played important effects on microspheres formation.The mean diameter of microspheres decreased with increasing in stirring rate and decreasing in polymer concentration,and drug loading efficiency increased with increasing in stirring rate.CONCLUSION:Insulin-loaded polyacrylate sustained-release microspheres is prepared preferably.

Acute liver failure (ALF) in children is severe syndrome with varied etiology and a rapid deterioration of liver function which results in coagulopathy abnormality and encephalopathy.ALF in children often carries a high morbidity and mortality.Laboratory tests is helpful for diagnosis and severity assessment of ALF in children and is useful for predicting survival or need for liver transplantation.The objective of this article is to introduce the values of laboratory tests in clinical diagnosis,prognosis and timing for transplantation of ALF in children.

ObjectiveTo explore the diagnosis and treatment of incomplete Kawasaki disease.MethodsA retrospective analysis was applied in 39 children patients clinically diagnosed as Kawasaki disease.ResultsThirtynine cases were found to have a high temperature over 5 days( 100％ ),30 patients with bilateral conjunctival congestion (76.9％),28 cases with cherry pink and chapped lips( 71.8％ ),21 patients with erythema multiforme and erythra(53.8％ ),20 cases with hand-foot scleredema(51.3％ )and 10 patients with cervical lymphatic enlargement (25.6％).In addition to the high temperature,22 cases were found to have three classic clinical diagnostic characterstics(56.4％ ),and 17 patients with two classic characterstics(43.6％ ).During the course of disease,C-reactve protein was observed to increase,and erythrocyte sedimentation rate speed up significantly.Intravenous infusion of gamma globulin and oral administration of aspirin was confirmed to be effective for incomplete Kawasaki disease.ConclusionThe careful observation and complete clinical examination was conducive to early diagnosis of incomplete Kawasaki disease instead of misjudge and missed diagnosis.

BACKGROUND: Local application of sustained-release antimicrobials serve as an adjuvant therapy of periodontitis, and the dosage form, medicine and carrier material have greatly developed. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the currant situation and progression of periodontal local sustained-release antimicrobials at home and abroad.METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI and Pubmed (1999-01/2009-10) was performed for the related articles about sustained-ralease antimicrobials, with the key words "periodontitis, treatment, medication, and sustained-ralease". The articles in the same field published recently or in authoritative journals were selected. A total of 143 articles were collected, and 40 related sustained-ralease antimicrobials were included.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Application of sustained-release antimicrobials is a well adjuvant therapy for some special clinical periodontitis. It is widely used due to its low dosage, long lasting-time and well target effect. The clinical application of sustained-ralease antimicrobials is promising along with the development of compound medicine and periodontal tissue regeneration.

Objective To investigate the current situation of psychological capital and job burnout of psychiatric nurses and explore the relationship between psychological capital and job burnout.Methods There were 142 psychiatric nurses collected in the study by convenience sampling.The Psychiatric Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) and Nurse Burnout Scale (NBS) were used to measure the level of psychiatric capital and job burnout of psychiatric nurses.The Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between psychological capital and job burnout.Results The psychological capital of psychiatric nurses had a negative correlation with job burnout; the higher of the nurses' psychological capital,the lower their sense of job burnout,vice versa.Conclusions In order to improve nursing quality,nursing managers can reduce the job burnout by improving the psychological capital of psychiatric nurses.

Objective To observe the velocity of left ventricular wall motion features of normal subjects and patients with abnormal regional wall movement of left ventricle with the quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI),and to know whether variances exit between the velocity of left ventricular myocardial motion of the normal subjects and the abnormal subjects with coronary artery disease(CAD) and myocardial ischemia. The practical value of QTVI on myocardium movement of left ventricle was evaluated. Methods The segmental left ventricular wall motion velocity was measured on 27 normal subjects and 21 patients with CAD and myocardial ischemia,including three waves,peak velocity of systolic S wave,diastolic E wave,A wave, and time velocity integrate of S wave(S TVI) was used as measurement parameters.The parameters were analysed between the two groups. Results The velocity and S TVI were gradually decreased from base to apex in the same wall in the control group.There were some abnormal segmental movements in the abnormal group. S wave ,E wave and S TVI of diseased segments in the abnormal group were much lower than those of control group ( P  0.05 ). Conclusions QTVI can quantitatively measure the velocity in abnormal movement segment of ventrical wall of patients with CAD and myocardial ischemia.S wave,E wave and S TVI are better parameters of assessing systolic function of left ventricle.QTVI has clinical application in regional myocardial motion function evaluation.

Xin'an medicine is the important research fields of Chinese Medicine,which is famous for its profound culture,obviously school-color,outstanding academic achievements and far-reaching influence.There is a high value in literature research and clinical research of Xin'an medicine that is an important component of the Huizhou studies.With the rapid development of information technology,it becomes an entirety of Huizhou studies,Traditional Chinese Medicine,library science,study of ancient books edition and computer science to building a complete data,perfect function,in line with the mainstream standard and distinctive characteristics digital information system of Xin'an medicine Ancient Books.We can not only comprehend it in respective field and frame,but also carry out the interdisciplinary and cross-major research.And then establish a series information library include Xin'an medical classical literature,modem research project,academic dissertation and monograph,which will help to acquire more enlightening achievement.

Objective To observe if IL-2 gene can express in hepatic carcinoma cells by double targeting of hepatitis B virus envelope (HBVE) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) promoter.Methods HepG2 cells,L02 cells,and HepG2.2.15 cells were cultured in vitro.HBVE was obtained by PEG8000 concentration assay,and the acquired HBVE was used to pack recombintional gene.Human AFP promoter-IL-2 recombinational gene was obtained by PCR.Then HepG2 cells and L02 cells were transfected by transient transfection and the expression of IL-2 was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results IL-2 was detected in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR and Western blot but not in L02 cells.Conclusion By using HBVE as a gene transporter,human AFP promoter-IL-2 recombinational gene can express in hepatic carcinoma cells,thereby it can increase the safety of exogenous gene transfection of hepatic carcinoma cells.

BACKGROUND:Anterior decompression, bone graft fusion, plate and screw fixation are commonly used in clinic for the treatment of thoracolumbar burst or comminuted fractures. The posterior surgery including decompression laminectomy and pedicle screw internal fixation.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the biomechanical changes of spine after thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation treated with pedicle screw internal fixation.
METHODS:Forty-six patients with thoracolumbar fracture and dislocation were treated with pedicle screw internal fixation, and then the recovery of spinal cord injury and fracture reduction were observed after internal fixation, immediately after internal fixation and 1-year fol ow-up.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 46 cases were fol owed-up. Frankel function classification assessment was used to evaluate the spinal cord injury grade. There was no significant difference in the percentage of A grade between periods (P>0.05), and there were significant differences in the percentage of B-E grades when compared between immediately postoperative period, 1-year fol ow-up period and preoperative period (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference when compared between immediately postoperative period and 1-year-fol ow period (P>0.05). The anterior height percentage, posterior height percentage and Cobb angle indicators were used to assess the fracture reduction, and the results showed there was no significant difference in posterior height between periods (P>0.05), and there was significant difference in Cobb angle when compared between immediately postoperative period, 1-year fol ow-up period and preoperative period (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between immediately postoperative period and 1-year fol ow-up period (P>0.05). The results indicate that pedicle screw internal fixation system for the treatment of thoracolumbar spinal fracture and dislocation is conducive to the fracture reduction and functional recovery.

Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two high-mortality diseases in the world.Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated that presence of COPD increases the risk of lung cancer.Habitual cigarette smoking frequently develops lung cancer as well as COPD,However the links between the two diseases should be more than smoking alone.The underlying mechanisms may include genetic predisposition,inflammation and cell injury,oxidative and noxious stress,extracellular matrix and proteinases,some of which might represent the targets for chemoprevention or chemotherapy.