The authors presented in the paper the following subjects: a description of risk exposures commonly found in drug clinical trials; risk types in terms of the personnel organization of ethical review boards, and the composition of the ethical review board members, as well as ethical training, ethical review procedures and supervising of the ethical review. To avoid these risks, an analysis is made on the causes of ethical review risks, and recommendations are proposed on international certification, reform of ethical review board setup, greater efforts on training, introduction of ethical supervision and ethical acceptance procedure.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic approaches and treatment choices for priapism,and to upgrade the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy. Methods Thirteen patients with priapism were evaluated by physical examinations,cavernous blood gas analysis,color duplex ultrasonography and cavernosography.Among them 9 cases of priapism resulted from intracavernosal injection of vaso-active agents,1 from perineal trauma and 3 from unknown cause.All the 13 patients were treated with intracavernosal injection of aramine and cavernosal decompression. Results Among these cases of priapism,12 were of low-flow and 1 was of high-flow.After the treatment,all the patients with priapism achieved remission.During the follow-up of 3 to 43 months,4 cases experienced decreased erection;9 had no significant change of erection.No cavernous fibrosis of penis occurred in them. Conclusions Cavernous blood gas analysis and color duplex ultrasonography are helpful with the accurate and timely dignosis of priapism.Cavernosal decompression and intracavernosal injection of arimine can be applied to most of the patients,and in the course of the treatment systemic adverse events should be avoided.

In order to study the roles of HBx and calcium inhibitor verapamil in apoptosis of human normal hepatic cells, L02-off, a pTet-off stably integrated human hepatic cell line was established, in which HBx expression was tightly induced by Doxycycline. The effect of different amounts of HBx and verapamil on apoptosis of human normal hepatic cells was detected. The study showed that apoptosis was triggered by accumulation of intracellular HBx, while verapamil had no effects on the apoptotic process. It was concluded that apoptosis mediated by HBx was dose-dependent but calcium-independent.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Hepatitis B Antigens/pharmacology ; Hepatocytes/*cytology ; Trans-Activators/*pharmacology ; Verapamil/*pharmacology

Objective To construct a recombinant strain which expresses adhesin AlpA of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) and to study the immunogenicity of adhesin AlpA. Methods The adhesin AlpA DNA was amplified by PCR and inserted into the prokaryotie expression vector pET-22b(+)and expressed in the BL21(DE3) E.coli strain. Adhesin AlpA immunogenicity was studied by Western blot test. Results DNA sequence analysis showed that the sequence of adhesin AlpA DNA was almost the same as that of the published by GenBank. The adhesin AlpA recombinant protein accounted for 31.9% of the total bacterial protein. Western blot analysis of rAlpA confirmed that it could be specially recognized by serum from rabbit immunized with AlpA itself and H.pylori infected patients. Conclusion Cloning and high-expression of adhesin AlpA and primary confirmation of its immunogenicity lay the foundation for H.pylori gene engineering vaccine preparation and adhering mechanism research.

In experimental teaching of oral histological pathology,we made full use of the heuristic teaching,observing sectioning, practice and CAI teaching effect and meaning and reached the conclusion that the comprehensive teaching is helpful to students’autonomous learning, cultivating their observation analysis ability,deepening their understanding and at the samen timehelping them improve their practical capability,so as to improve greatly both the oral experiment teaching quality and students’comprehensive practice ability.

By feeding rats with high-fat diet insulin resistant models were induced.Some of the models were treated with intragastric administration of curcumin,then the effects were evaluated by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique.Curcumin reduced the level of serum resistin and the expression of resistin mRNA in adipose tissue,and thus ameliorated insulin resistance in rats.

Objective To investigate the clinical changing trend and CT imaging diagnosis of thyroid cancer associated with thy-roid disease .Methods 1 120 cases of thyroid cancer patients admitted in our hospital in the past 10 years were selected and devided into different groups according to their admission times :patients admitted before 2003 were in one group;from 2003 on ,patients were divided into groups according to their admission time by a time span of 2 years ;then the changing trend and CT imaging diag-nosis of thyroid carcinoma with nodular goiter (NG) ,thyroid adenoma (TA) and merger trend of Hashimoto′sthyroiditis (HT ) of different times were compared and analyzed .Results There were 518 cases of papillary carcinoma(46 .25% ) ,345 cases of follicular adenocarcinoma ,(30 .80% ) ,158 cases of medullary carcinoma (14 .11% ) ,99 cases of undifferentiated carcinoma (8 .84% ) in 1120 patients .The occurrence rate of thyroid carcinoma with nodular goiter (NG) in 2009-2010 ,2011-2012 and the occurrence rate of thyroid carcinoma with HT in 2007-2008 ,2009-2010 ,2011-2012 were significantly higher than that of 2005-2006 (P<0 .05) . Take 2007-2008 as the deviding line of thyroid combined TA ,and it shows that the occurrence rate increased continuously before this line and started to drop down after that .CT of thyroid cancer shows uneven low-density imaging ,blur edge ,and inhomogeneous enhancement .The CT characteristics differ from different diseases .Conclusion In recent years the incidence rates of thyroid with nodular thyroid and HT increased significantly compared with the years before ,while incidence rate of TA decreased .

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas.Methods The clinical data of patients with pathologically verified IPMN who underwent surgical treatment between January 2006 to April 2014 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were studied retrospectively.There were 27 males and 21 females.The average age was (57.8 ± 8.8) years old.The average caliber of the main pancreatic duct was (1.1 ± 0.6) cm.The average size of the branch duct IPMN was (4.6 ± 1.5) cm.Results 35 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy.Eight patients underwent distal pancreatectomy.Two patients underwent duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection.Two patients underwent splenic-preserving distal pancreatectomy and one patient underwent total pancreatectomy.No patient died in perioperative period,and the median length of hospital stay after surgery was 14.3 days.Postoperative pathological examination revealed 5 (10.4％) adenoma,12 (25.0％) moderate-grade dysplasia,14 (29.2％) high-grade dysplasia and 17 (35.4％) invasive carcinoma.The postoperative complication rate was 22.9％.The mean follow up period for the noninvasive tumors was 48.9 months,with no recurrence or deaths.The mean follow up period of the invasive tumors was 43.2 months,with 1 death and no recurrence.Conclusions The indications for resection of IPMN should be based on treatment guidelines and on the patient' s general condition.It is suggested that the diagnosis and treatment of IPMN should be conducted in specialized pancreatic surgery centers.

Cardiovascular Diseases ; enzymology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases