Analgesics, Opioid ; poisoning ; Diphenoxylate ; poisoning ; Humans ; Naloxone ; therapeutic use ; Narcotic Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Poisoning ; drug therapy

AIM:To establish the fingerprint analysis method of Yaotongning Capsule by HPLC-DAD.METHODS:This experiment used homogeneous design to optimize extract method.the analysis was performed on an Agilent C_ 18(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m.)column with a acetonitrile-0.2 acetic acid,0.2% triethylamine.Detection time was 60 min.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the wavelength was at 254 nm.Effect of solvents time and method of extract on experiment was studied,then calculated fingerprint similarities to evaluate,the samples' stability.RESULTS:15 peaks including strychnine,brucine,glycyrrhizic acid,ecdy sterone and ephephedrine,were separated on HPLC fingerprint in Yaotongning Capsule.CONCLUSION:The method is reliable,accurate and can be used as a quality control for Yaotongning Capsule.

BACKGROUND: It is of great importance in improving the clinical effect of human islet allograft to study and design models of such large animals as pigs or primates preclinically.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of different doses of streptozotocin (STZ) on inducing diabetes type Ⅰ models of nonhuman primates.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A contrast observational animal experiment was performed in the Cell Transplantation and Gene Therapy Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from October 2007 to December 2008. MATERIALS: A total of 21 adult male rhesus monkeys were divided into a 125 mg/kg STZ group (n =5), a 75 mg/kg STZ group (n=5) and a 50 mg/kg STZ group (n=11).METHODS: STZ weighed with regard to body mass of animals was prepared into 25 g/L STZ solution with buffer that was prepared in advance. After being filtered and degermed, the new-prepared STZ of 125 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg were administered by intravenous injection into the experimental monkeys respectively, which took 1-5 minutes.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Liver and renal function, glucose metabolism and histomorphological changes of animals during 1-16 weeks following administration.RESULTS: In 125 mg/kg STZ group, two rhesus monkeys died, in 8 hours following STZ administration, of serious hypoglycemia caused by severely damaged pancreas β cells; All rhesus monkeys in this group had got significantly increased liver transaminase, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen at week 1 following STZ administration, which reached a peak during 2-4 weeks; One rhesus monkey in this group showed severe shortage of endogenous trypsin and hyperglycemia irreversible by exogenous insulin following STZ administration, and finally died at day 13 following STZ administration due to the glucose metabolic disorder, ketoacidosis, liver and renal failure; The other two survivors in this group kept high level of liver transaminase,urea nitrogen and serum creatinine throughout the observation period. In 75 mg/kg STZ group, rhesus monkeys presented significantly increased liver transaminase, serum creatinine and urea nitrogen at week 1-2 following STZ administration; After 4 weeks following administration, their liver and renal function presented with abnormality of different degrees; One rhesus monkey in this group had got injured renal function, decreased power of resistance, eyelid edema, general dropsy and irreversible infected rump after injection of STZ, and finally died at the end of week 5 following administration; Another rhesus in this group presented with irreversible continuous hyperglycemia, inappetence and significantly decreased weight, and finally died ofsystemic failure at week 9 following administration. In the 50 mg/kg STZ group, renal function of monkeys were slightly affected, with a transient mild rise which return to the normal level by the end of week 4 following administration; Only 3 animals in this group appeared eyelid edema during 1-4 weeks following administration which disappeared afterwards.CONCLUSION: STZ of 50 mg/kg is possibly the optimal dose for inducing diabetes models in most rhesus monkeys.

BACKGROUND:Selection of proper bone transplantation materials to substitute autogenous bone for treatment of jaw bone defect in patients has become the focus of current researches.OBJECTIVE:To observe the ability of tissue engineered bone constructed with nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactic acid)(nHAC/PLA)co-cultured with bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs)in treatment of rabbit mandibular defect.and to make a comparison with autogenous bone and simple nHAC/PLA.DESIGN.TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled animal experiment was performed at the Animal Laboratory of Jinzhou Central Hospital between March and October 2007.MATERIALS:A total of 40 New Zealand rabbits were randomized to 4 groups.with 10 rabbits per group:nHAC/PLA co-cultured with rabbit BMSCs(BMSCs/nHAC/PLA),autogenous bone,nHAC/PLA,and control.METHODS:A 15 mm×15 mm full-thickness bone defect was created in rabbit mandible body.In the BMSCs/nHAC/PLA group.bone defect was repaired by nHAC/PLA co-cultured with BMSCs for 14 days in vitro;the bone defect in the autogenous bone and nHAC/PLA groups was treated by autogenous iliac bone and nHAC/PLA.respectively;while the control group received no any treatment.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 1,3,and 6 months after surgery,bone mineral density(BMD)measurement and histological examination were performed to evaluate the repairing effects of bone defect.RESULTS:The BMSCs/nHAC/PLA group exhibited the BMD similar to the autogenous bone group(P＞0.05),but it was significantly higher compared to the nHAC/PLA group and the blank control group(P＜0.01).At 6 months after surgery.newly formed bone tissue grew towards large bulk and bridged defected stumps.and the seaffold materials were hardly seen in the BMSCs/nHAC/PLA and autogenous bone groups;simultaneously.the nHAC/PLA group exhibited increased trabecular bone with many fibrous tissues and incompletely degraded seaffold materials.CONCLUSION:BMSCs/nHAC/PLA seaffold exhibits the effects similar to autogenous bone.but superior to nHAC/PLA seaffold in the treatment of mandibular defects.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and clinical value for detecting paraquat (PQ)concentration in serum by spectrometry. MethodsThe determinations of wave length for detecting serum PQ concentration by ordinary spectrometry and second-derivative spectrometry were carried out. When the second-derivative spectrometry was used for detecting PQ in serum, the linear range and precision for PQ concentration were well defined. The results of serum PQ concentration determined by second-derivative spectrometry and by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) were compared in 8 patient with PQ poisoning. A total of 21 patients with acute poisoning after PQ ingestion over 4 hours admitted from October 2008 through September 2010 were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into two groups as per the serum concentrations more than 1.8 μg/mL or less than that by second-derivative spectrometry on the day of admission. The severity of clinical manifestations between two groups was analyzed with t-test or Fisher's exact probabilities analysis. Results ( 1 ) The absorption peak of 257 nm could not be found by using ordinary spectrometry to detect the PQ concentration in serum. (2) The calibration curve in the 0. 4 ～ 8.0μg/mL range for detecting PQ concentration by second-derivative spectrometry observed the Beer's law (r =0. 996) . The average retrieval rate of PQ was within the range of 95.0％～ 99. 5％ with relative standard deviation (RSD) within 1.35％～ 5.41％ ( n = 6), and the lowest detection limit was 0. 05μg/mL. (3) The results of PQ concentrations from 8 patients with PQ poisoning detected by second-derivative spectrometry were consistent with those of the quantitative determinations by HPLC ( r = 0. 995,P＜0. 01 ) . (4) The survival rate of patients with serum PQ concentration more than 1.8 μg/mL was 22. 2％ ,and the incidences of acidosis, oligouria and pneumomediastium in these patients were 55.6％,55. 6％ and 77.8％, respectively. These clinical manifestations were significantly different from those in patients with serum PQ concentration less than 1.8 μg/mL ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) . Conclusions ( 1 ) It was inappropriate to take 257 nm as the determination wave length for detecting serum PQ concentration by ordinary spectrometry. (2) The method of second-derivative spectrometry was reliable for detecting serum PQ concentration. (3) Serum PQ concentration detected by second derivative spectrometry could be used to predict the severity of clinical manifestations of patients with PQ poisoning and was an important predictive factor for poor prognosis if the serum PQ concentration more than 1.8 μg/mL after PQ ingestion over 4 hours.

Adrenoleukodystrophy ; genetics ; therapy ; Humans ; Lovastatin ; pharmacology

A highly phytase-producing strain B.licheniformis LL8 was obtained by several mutagenesis of UV with B.licheniformis as starting strain.The new strain produced about two folds of phytase activity as compared with the starting strain. The production performance of the strain was stable. The cultivation conditions were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment. When the mutant B.licheniformis LL8 was cultivated at 55℃, initial pH 7.5 with the inoculation size of 10% for 30h in WBE medUm, the phytase activity was up to 2268.4U/mL.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of 68Ga-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET/MR multiparameter multimodal functional imaging in the diagnosis of naive prostate cancer (PCa), and to analyze its efficacy in the early stages of PCa. Methods:From July to September 2019, 45 suspected or pathologically confirmed PCa patients (average age: 69 years) who met the inclusion criteria were collected to perform 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR examination in Nanjing First Hospital. After the scanning was completed, the method of region of interest (ROI) was used to semi-quantitatively calculate the tumor radioactive uptake in the fusion image, including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max), tumor metabolic volume (MTV) and mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean), and PSMA expression load was calculated(SUV mean×MTV). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of ROI were measured in ADC images ( b=1 500 s/mm 2). The efficacy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR in the preoperative diagnosis of PCa and the effect on clinical staging were evaluated with the pathological results. The correlation between prostate specific antigen (PSA) and radiation uptake in PCa tissues, PSMA expression load and ADC values was analyzed by Pearson correlation. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results:Pathologically, 38 of the 45 patients were with PCa and 7 patients had benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), and metastasis occurred in 12 of the 38 PCa patients. 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR detected 39 cases of PCa with one of which was false-positive. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR were 100%(38/38), 6/7, 97.4%(38/39), 6/6 and 97.8%(44/45), respectively. The tumor tissues of PCa often showed focal radioactive uptake, and the T 2 weighted imaging (WI) showed focal low signal and limited dispersion. BPH showed slightly uneven uptake, and T 2WI and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) showed uneven diffuse signals. SUV max of PCa was significantly higher than that of BPH (24.66±19.21 vs 4.97±2.13; t=5.208, P<0.001). ADC values of PCa were significantly lower than that of BPH ((0.91±0.37)×10 -3vs (1.08±0.24)×10 -3 mm/s 2; t=2.816, P<0.05). SUV max and the expression loads of PSMA in PCa were positively correlated with PSA ( r values: 0.42 and 0.71, both P<0.05). ADC values of tumor tissues in PCa were negatively correlated with PSA ( r=-0.37, P=0.013). Conclusion:68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MR has great merits in the early diagnosis and staging of PCa.

Objective To explore the effects of restraint water-immersion stress (RWIS) on the firing activities of pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) of rats.Methods Multi-channel in vivo recording techniques were used to record firing activities of pyramidal neurons before and during 4-h RWIS in rats.Firing rates,inter-spike intervals and burst firing rates were taken as indices to study the influence of RWIS on neuronal firing activities.Results Twenty-five pyramidal neurons of 12 rats were recorded.The opposite patterns of firing activities were observed in two different classes of neurons,type A and type B neurons which account for 72％ and 28％,respectively.In type A neurons,inhibited firing activities were in direct proportion to the stress-exposure.Mean firing rates and mean burst firing rates were significantly reduced to (0.81 ± 0.11) Hz and (1.012 ± 0.50) counts/min after 4h constant RWIS compared with those before RWIS,(3.57 ± 0.63) Hz and (10.29 ± 3.04) counts/min.However,in type B neurons,firing activities were enhanced.After 2h constant RWIS,mean firing rates and mean burst firing rates were increased from (1.77±0.45) Hz and (2.01±0.73) counts/min to (2.67±0.74)Hz and (9.04±2.42) counts/min,respectively.Moreover,the percentage of spikes in bursts was significantly increased and mean inter-spike intervals were remarkably shortened.Interestingly,the effect of RWIS on type B neurons lasted for shorter time compared with its effect on type A neurons.Conclusion RWIS differentially affects the firing activity of pyramidal neuron in the MPFC,i.e.,inhibiting the firing activity of type A neurons,but enhancing the firing activity of type B neurons.

Objective To assess the wall elasticity of the common carotid artery using echo-tracking in healthy children and children with hyperlipidemia.Methods The study included 68 normal healthy children and 25 children with hyperlipidemia.All the subjects were 3-18 years old.They were divided into three groups according to ages 3-6 years old group,7-13 years old group and 14-18 years old group.Echo-tracking was used to measure the pressure-strain elastic modulus (E?),stiffness parameter(?)and arterial compliance (AC) of the common carotid artery.Results The average values of E? were different among the three age groups in normal healthy children (all P