Objectives To explore the clinical relationship between different degrees of Alzheimer's disease(AD) and trace elements and to provide information for control and prevention of AD.Methods From January 2015 to December 2015,125 AD patients in psychiatric hospital of the same city were randomly selected and divided into mild (n =28),moderate(n =42),and severe (n =55) AD group according to dementia degree.40 volunteers were recruited as healthy control group.The fasting contents of serum copper,iron and zinc were measured,and the data were statistically analyzed.Results Compared with healthy control group,the content of serum copper was(16.32 ±6.54)g/L in control group,(16.90±6.37)g/L in mild group,(20.31±6.74)g/L in moderate group,and(21.29 ± 6.92)g/L in severe AD group,increasing gradually in mild,moderate,and severe AD groups versus control group (F=6.318,P＜0.001).Serum copper levels howed significantly differences (P＜ 0.05) in severe AD group versus healthy control group or the mild AD group.The content of serum iron was (9.17 ± 4.71) g/L in control group,(7.82 ± 4.67) g/L in mild AD group,(7.71 ± 4.42) g/L in moderate AD group and (7.28 ± 4.19)g/L in severe AD group,decreasing significantly in mild,moderate and severe AD groups versus healthy control group(F=3.331,P =0.021).The content of serum zinc was (100.67 ± 9.78) g/L in control,(81.78 ± 9.91) g/L in mild,(66.48 ± 9.37) g/L in moderate,and(71.55± 8.97)g/L in severe AD group,decreasing significantly in mild,moderate and severe AD group versus the control group(F=123.168,P＜ 0.001).Serum copper,iron and zinc contents showed statistically differences in mild,moderate and severe AD groups versus in healthy control group (P ＜ 0.05).There was no interaction between dementia degree and serum iron concentration.In patients with moderate dementia and serum copper concentrations close to 20.31 mmol/L(F=10.098,P=0.000),or in patients with moderate dementia and serum zinc concentrations close to 66.48 mmol/L(F =7.433,P =0.001),behavioral and psychological symptoms were most obvious.Conclusions The serum levels of trace elements in patients with different degrees of AD may change differently.The content of serum copper is increased gradually,while the contents of serum iron and zinc are significantly decreased along with increased AD degree.

Objectives To evaluate the effect and safety of Xiao Er Fu Xie Tie in children with acute diarrhea. Methods A multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled clinical trial was carried out in three hospitals from March 2011 to December 2012. Children with acute diarrhea were enrolled and divided randomly into two groups, the observation group (treated with Xiao Er Fu Xie Tie) and the control group (treated with smectite powder). Boths groups received oral rehydration salts treatment. Symptoms and signs were recorded before and after therapy. The therapeutic effect was evaluated at 3 and 5 days after therapy. All of the adverse drug reactions were recorded during the study. Results In 197 children who completed the study, 100 children received Xiao Er Fu Xie Tie and 97 received smectite powder. Both groups were similar in age and gender distribution, weight, duration and frequency of diarrhea, times of vomiting, degree of dehydration and so on (P>0.05). After therapy, effective rates of the observation group at 3 days (97%) and 5 days (100%) were similar to those of control group (P>0.05). The effective rate for relieving vomiting in the observation group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05). No obvious adverse drug reactions were found during the study. Conclusions Xiao Er Fu Xie Tie has the same effect as smectite powder for treatment of acute diarrhea in children and is more effective in vomiting. Furthermore, no obvious adverse drug re-actions were found.

Objective:To evaluate the specific changes and importance of the proportions of the eyebrows and eyes after surgery by analyzing and measuring the changes of the values of the eyebrows and eyes in elderly patients with aponeurotic ptosis before.Methods:A total of 54 cases (108 eyes) of elderly patients with aponeurotic ptosis who were treated in our department from 2019.01 to 2020.12 were collected preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively, and they were set as the study group. At the same time, the data of 48 cases (96 eyes) of healthy people with good face were collected and set as the young control group, and the data of 50 cases (100 eyes) of elderly healthy people without ptosis were collected and set as the elderly control group. The corresponding objective data were analyzed, and the specific changes and proportional relationship of eyebrows and eyes after surgery were evaluated.Results:Compared with the preoperative data, the marginal reflex distance 1 (MRD1), the height of the palpebral fissure (HPF) in the study group increased at 6 months after the operation, and the distance between the eyebrow and eye at each site increased or shortened ( P<0.05). Six months after the operation, the brow height from medial canthus (MBH), the central brow and eye distance (brow height from upper eyelid margin on midpupillary level, CBH), and the lateral brow and eye distance (brow height from lateral, LBH) had been changed. The change rates of canthus compared with preoperatively were that (88.29±11.69)%, (85.04±14.96)%, and (93.61±13.56)%, respectively, among which CBH shortened most significantly, and the shortened distance was (3.76±2.43) mm. The MRD1 and HPF in the group increased significantly at 6 months after operation, which were significantly greater than those in the elderly control group ( P<0.05). CBH was significantly shortened ( P<0.05); compared with preoperative, the ratio of HPF/CBH, HPF/length of the palpebral fissure (LPF) in the study group increased at 6 months after operation, and the lateral canthus brow tail line [ratio of lateral canthus to lateral end of eyebrow (LLE)]/LPF decreased ( P<0.05); HPF/CBH in the study group was lower than that in the young control group at 6 months after operation, but greater than that in the elderly control group ( P<0.05). Monthly HPF/LPF was significantly higher than that of the elderly control group ( P<0.05), and the LLE/LPF of the study group was significantly higher than that of the young control group at 6 months after operation ( P<0.05); intraoperative levator muscle shortening (LMS) was negatively correlated with postoperative MBH, CBH and LBH ( P<0.05), among which LMS had the greatest correlation with CBH ( r=-0.587). Conclusions:After ptosis correction, the palpebral fissures are larger, the distance between the eyebrows and the eyes is shortened, and there is a certain proportional relationship. After surgery, the patient's eyebrow-eye ratio is better than that of the elderly in the same age group, and it is closer to the young people, and the intraoperative LMS has a correlation with the eyebrow-eye distance, which can be used as a factor to predict the shortened distance of the eyebrow-eye distance.