OBJECTIVE:To explore such drug dispensing patterns that can improve the working efficiency and quality in outpatient dispensary.METHODS:The composition and the running status of both the hardware and the software of the new pattern-“dispensing drugs according to the checklist”in outpatient dispensary were introduced,and its advantages and disadvantages were compared with those of the traditional pattern.RESULTS &CONCLUSION:The new drug dispensing pattern has improved the efficiency and quality of prescription work in the outpatient dispensary,which deserves spreading in large and medium-sized hospitals.

Objective To understand the molecular mechanism by which protein kinase C? mediates multidrug resistance of human glioma cell line SHG-44.Methods SHG-44/ADM was constructed by stepwise concentration increasing method and intermittent administration method.SHG-44/WT and SHG-44/ADM were treated by PKC? reactivator PMA and PKC? inhibitor staurosporine,then the expressions of PKC? and MDR-1 were detected by Western blotting,the PKC? activity was assayed by kinase,and ADM accumulation was determined by fluorescence spectrometry.Results PMA increased PKC? activity and MDR-1 protein expression and activity.Staurosporine was able to block PKC? activity and decrease MDR-1 expression and activity.Conclusion Multidrug resistance in human glioma cells is mediated by PKC? via MDR-1 pathway.

BACKGROUND: Although the fixed-point cervical vertebra rotating reduction has a notable treatment effect, yet it has not been deeply studied in the medical field. Some clinical surgeons feel difficult to make an accurate control on the power and rotatory joint position while operating, even results in iatrogenic injury. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the action mechanism of rotatory technique based on the central rotatory point of cervical vertebra fixed-point rotatory technique. METHODS: Samples were scanned through a 64-row spiral CT working platform at 1-mm layer distance. The picture's profilogram data were extracted from the image processing functional module in PHILIPS MEDICAL SYSTEMS, and then the three-dimensional structure of the upper cervical vertebra was reconstructed and displayed. Taking the axis spinous process peak (point A), odontoid process vertical axes (point B), and the midpoint (point C) of their link as the rotating axes (the rotating central point in simulation), spherical system on each point was set up. The intersection angle of the links between the axis' spinous process peak and the lower jaw, and between the odontoid process vertical axes and the lower jaw before and after rotation were all measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: While applying fixed-point rotation of the cervical spine, the rotatory centre is the vertical axle center of the odontoid process, rather than the handy axis spinous process peak. The rotatory angle of the axle centre is larger than the observation angle. A new concept of fixed-axis rotation should be accepted and its principle should be comprehended in order to appropriately apply the cervical rotatory technique.

Objective:To prepare a rabbit anti-mouse Periostin IgG antibody and to study the expression of Periostin in mice.Methods:Complete Freund adjuvant with recombinant Periostin was used to immunize rabbits.Whole blood was collected from the animals after immunization for 5 times. Serum was obtained by centrifugation. The specific IgG antibody was purified from the serum by ammonium sulfate. Total protein isolated from mouse liver, brain, kidney and calvaria and periodontal tissue was used to study the expression of Periostin in mice by Western blot, immunohistochemical staining was applied to examine Periostin expression in jaw bone and dental tissues.Results:Anti-Periostin antibody with the titer of 128 was obtained.Western blot showed that there was a specific band near Mr 90 000 in calvaria and periodontal tissues, but not in liver, brain and kidney.By immunohistochemical examination Periostin was detected in both mandibular periosteum and periodontal ligament,but not in cementum, dentin, alveolar bone and dental pulp.Conclusion:Periostin may play a role in bone and periodontal tissue formation.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)granules made by the formula of Shegan Mahuang decoction for treatment of patients with asthma. Methods A prospective study was conducted,51 cases of light to moderate asthma(cold type)patients were randomly divided into treatment group (25 cases)and control group(26 cases). Conventional symptomatic treatments were of the same in two groups. The patients in control group were given salbutamol aerosol inhalation,100μg each time,4 times per day;based on the treatment of the control group,additionally the above mentioned TCM granules dissolved in water was administered orally 1 dose/day taken twice once in the morning and another once in the evening in treatment group. The therapeutic course was 12 weeks in both groups. Before and after treatment,the asthma control test(ACT)score,forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)were observed. The therapeutic effect,adverse reaction and compliance were evaluated. Results The number of patients with asthma completely controlled in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group(16 cases vs. 9 cases,χ2=4.82,P=0.028). In the patients of two groups,FEV1,PEF and ACT scores were significantly improved after treatment,and in the treatment group,they were obviously higher than those in control group〔FEV1(L):2.67±0.46 vs. 2.32±0.47,PEF(L/min):327.6±49.4 vs. 273.1±42.8,ACT score:22.8±2.0 vs. 21.1±2.6,all P<0.05〕. After treatment,FEV1%predicted value was increased in the treatment group but decreased in control group,there was significantly statistical difference〔(0.68±0.07)% vs.(0.80±0.11)%,P<0.05〕,no significant adverse reaction was found,compliance was good. Conclusion TCM granules made by formula of Shegan Mahuang decoction can improve the clinical symptoms, pulmonary function and control level in patients with asthma,so it is an effective medicine for the control of asthma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of Diver CE aspiration thrombus catheter used in patients during the recovery of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 50 AMI patients were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2011. Twenty-ifve patients received PCI and used the Diver CE aspiration thrombus catheter (aspiration group);and the other 25 patients received routine PCI (routine PCI group). The basic characteristics, PCI characteristics, myocardial perfusion indexes and clinical data were compared and analyzed. Results There was no statistically difference between two groups in basic characteristics. Compared with the routine PCI group, higher rate of myocardial blush grade 3 but lower thrombus scores were found in the aspiration group. The incidence of no-lfow or slow-lfow were also lower in aspiration group (all P<0.05). The LVEF after 6 and 12 months were higher in the aspiration group (both P<0.05), no difference in MACE between the two groups. Conclusions Using the Diver CE thrombus aspiration in PCI is a simple and safe by method for treatment of acute myocardial infarction with high thrombosis burden. It can improve reperfusion decrease the rates of no-relfow on slow-relfow and can improve the long-term left ventricular function.

Objective To compare the toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of total saponins from Panax japonicus by different extraction technology. Methods The total saponins of sample 1, sample 2, sample 3, sample 4, sample 5 and sample 6 was prepared respectively by different process, and RAW264.7 cells were treated with the samples of different concentration. Then cells morphology was observed under microscope, thiazolyl blue (MTT) method was used to detect cell activity, the nitric oxide (NO) release of RAW264.7 cells was detected with NO kit. Results The cell toxicity of different samples from low to high was as follows:sample 4sample 5>sample 2>sample 6>sample 1>sample 3. Conclusion Among these six different kinds of extraction process of total saponins from Panax japonicus, the total saponins extract by foam fractionation has not only the minimal toxicity, but also the best primary anti-inflammatory effect.

Re-evaluation of bioequivalence of generic drugs is one of the key research focus currently. As a means to ensure consistency of the therapeutic effectiveness of drug products, clinical bioequivalence has been widely accepted as a gold standard test. In vitro dissolution testing based on the theory of the BCS is the best alternative to in vivo bioequivalence study. In this article, the conventional dissolution method and flow-through cell method were used to investigate the dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules in different dissolution media, and the absorption behavior of the drugs with different release rates (t85% = 15-180 min) in the gastrointestinal tract was predicted by Gastro Plus. The flow-through cell method was thought better to reflect the release characteristics in vivo, and amoxicillin capsules with regard to the release rates up to 45 min (t85% = 45 min) were having a satisfied bioequivalence with the oral solution according to the C(max) and AUC. Although two different dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules were found by flow-through cell methods, prediction results revealed that domestic capsules were probably bioequivalent to each other.
Amoxicillin ; pharmacokinetics ; Capsules ; Computer Simulation ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Software ; Solubility ; Therapeutic Equivalency

Objective To compare the effects of vitrification with slow-freezing on the developmental ability of day 3 cleavage stage embryos.Methods Patients who had no less than 4 high quality embryos were included in this study.These embryos were cryopreserved using the methods of vitrification or slow-freezing.In the eryopreserved embryo transfer cycles,the embryos which were cryopreserved using one of the methods were chosen randomly.The developmental ability of embryos was compared between these two groups.Results A total of 80 patients were included in this study with 160 embryos.In the group of slow-freezing,73(91%)embryos were survived and achieved 15(38%)clinical pregnancies.Among these,3 were twins and the implantation rate was 25%(18/73).In the group of vitrification,71(89%)embryos were survived and achieved 19(48%)clinical pregnancies.Among these, 9 were twins and the implantation rate was 39%(28/71),which was significantly higher than the slow- freezing group(P

Objective To investigate the influence factors of birth defects. Methods The congenital malformational fetuses born from 13 week of gestation to 7 days after birth were selected as the study group between April 1st, 2009 and March 31st, 2010. The health born fetuses were set as control in the same period. Case-control and the three-level of monitor network of birth defects were used in the study in the participating 75 hospitals (Qingdao Women and Children's Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College Qingdao University, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, etc.) . The study and control group's parents were interviewed by an uniformed questionnaire which was designed specially with influence factors of birth defects. Results (1) There are 466 congenital malformational fetuses in the total of 77 231 fetuses collected in 75 hospitals. The congenital malformational rate accounts for about 6. 034‰. The top six defect diseases were congenital heart disease (112 cases) , total harelip (cleft lip; cleft lip with palate; 85 cases) ,polydactyly (53 cases) , neural tube defects (38 cases) , congenital hydrocephalus (37 cases) and limb reduction defect (27 cases) in turn, which amounts to 353 cases (54.48% , 353/648). (2) Their mother education level in the birth-defect group (25. 6%) were significantly lower than that in control group (30. 0% , P < 0. 05). (3) The rate of passive smoking, drinking, raising pets of the parents in birth-defect group were significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0. 05). (4) The rate of exposure to harmful chemical and physical factors of mothers in birth defects group (13.9% and 20. 5% , respectively) was higher than that in control group (1.1% and 11.7% , respectively) , the difference between which were significant (P < 0. 01) . The rate of disease (34. 3%) , fever (13. 1%) , taking drugs (33. 8%) in pregnancy period in birth defect group were higher than that in control group (13. 5% , 1.5% and 9. 9% ,respectively) , the difference between which were significant (P <0. 01). The rate of bad moral irritation to the mother in pregnancy in birth defect group (11. 3%) was significantly higher than that in control group (1.4% , P<0.01). (5) There were 19 cases (2.9% , 19/648) with family heredity medical history in birth defect group, but there were none in the control group, the difference between which were significant (P<0. 01). There were 89 cases (13.7% , 89/648) with unusual birth history of their mothers in birth defect group, but there were 31 cases (4. 8% , 31/650) in control group, the difference between which were significant (P<0. 01). (6) Conditional Logistic Regression model was used for univalent and multivariate analysis. The results showed that main influence factors were identified as having important effect on birth defects, including mothers' exposure to harmful chemical factors (OR=13. 46) , disease (OR=3. 37) ,taking drugs (OR=2. 20) , exposure to bad moral irritation (OR=5. 44) , food-choosy (OR=1. 90) ,anemia (OR=1. 52) in gestational period, polyembryony (OR=4. 40) , father drinking (OR=1. 55) .While it was protective factors to supplement microelements such as the calcium iron and nutrient, etc. in pregnancy period (OR=0. 45). Conclusions First, the main birth defects were congenital heart disease, total harelip (cleft lip; cleft lip with palate) , polydactyly, neural tube defects, congenital hydrocephalus and limb reduction defect in turn. Second, the main influence factors identified as having important effect on birth defects were mothers' exposure to harmful chemical factors, ill, taking drugs, exposure to bad moral irritation, food-choosy, anemia in gestational period, polyembryony, father drinking. But it is protective factors to supplement microelements such as the calcium iron and nutrient, etc. in pregnancy period. Finally, it is the important part to prevent the birth defects by reducing and controlling dangerous factors in pregnancy period.