Objective To survey the satisfaction degree of the postgraduates in professional degree with The Joining Together of Double-Track education model in the current stage of professional degree graduate education and standardized training of residents in China. Methods According to various factors, such as the current situation of postgraduates in medical universities, we sought the opinions of relevant experts to design questionnaire. Meanwhile, to enhance the reliability of the questionnaire and the survey, we chose the postgraduates of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University first to do the pre-survey, and according to the feedback, we adjusted part of the aspects, thus formed a formal questionnaire, which included the satisfaction with training of clinical practice ability, training of research ability, and tutors' assessment etc. Finally, the Chinese New Youth Forum online released the questionnaires, selecting the postgraduates in professional degree who were participating in, or had participated in the completion of the standardized training as the participants, which took place between March 2016 and May 2016. SPSS 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. The evaluation results of different majors were tested by Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Results According to the results of the survey, the aspects in the clinical resident standard-ized training that the 1000 postgraduates were more satisfied with were as follows: training time [42.8%(n=428)], training center [41.8% (n=418)], training of clinical practice ability [41.6% (n=416)], tutors [40.2%(n=402)], economic income [38.8%(n=388)], department arrangements [38.4% (n=384)], training of research ability [37.5%(n=375)]. There is a significant difference in the satisfaction degree of different pro-fessional graduate students in theJoining Together of Double-Trackeducation model (P<0.05). ConclusionThe Joining Together of Double-Track education model should be compatible with the training objectives of postgraduates in professional degree. Much more attention should be paid to the post-graduates, satisfac-tion degree with the clinical resident standardized training, as well as the requirements during the training period, improve the evaluation of graduate students' ability of scientific research, econo-mic income and so on, so as to improve the training system for the postgraduates.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare invasive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Although high dose methotrexate-based induced chemotherapy regimen has significantly improved prognosis of patients, 30 percent -40 percent of patients still relapse with poor prognosis. With the development of molecular biology, new targeted drugs like cell signaling pathway kinase inhibitors have become new treatment options for PCNSL.

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between pathological characteristics of target organs and excess evil syndrome in IgA nephropathy.

METHODSData were collected in multicenter cooperation. Totally 266 IgA nephropathy patients were typed into exogenous wind-heat affection syndrome (49 cases), lower energizer damp-heat syndrome (100 cases), damp-phlegm syndrome (43 cases), and blood stasis syndrome (74 cases). Meanwhile, percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in all patients for Hass classification, Oxford classification, Katafuchi integral, and Jiang's classification methods. The correlation between excess evil syndrome and pathological index was analyzed.

RESULTSFour syndrome types were correlated with their Hass levels (r = 0. 341, P <0. 01). Affection of exogenous wind-heat syndrome was correlated with segmental proliferation of endothelial cells and damaged active lesions of segmental capillary loops. Lower-energizer damp-heat syndrome was associated with Hass III level, destroying active lesions of capillary loops, segmental proliferation of endothelial cells, glomerular segmental lesions, focal interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, focal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Blood stasis syndrome was associated with Hass IV level, glomerular sclerosis, segmental glomerulosclerosis (S)/adhesion, mesangial hypercellularity (M), angiohyalinosis, multi-foci interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, multi-foci interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Phlegm-damp syndrome had higher proportions of Hass I and III levels, but with no association with other pathological parameters.

CONCLUSIONSExcess evil syndrome was associated with partial pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy. It could reflect pathological damage degree of target organs, activities, chronic lesions, and prognosis of IgA nephropathy to certain extent. Correlated pathological characteristics and its evolution could indicate excess evil syndrome types and their evolution rules.

Capillaries ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; pathology ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prognosis ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biochemical characteristic of the neurons associated Zusanli (ST 36) in the rat by using Alexa Fluor 594 conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (AF594-CTB) neural tracing and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) fluorescent immunohistochemical techniques.

METHODSFour male Sprague Dawley rats were injected with AF594-CTB into the corresponding area of the Zusanli in the human body. After 3 surviving days, the rat's spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) at lumbar segments were dissected following perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde, cut into sections, and then stained with CGRPfluorescent immunohistochemical method.

RESULTSAF594-CTB labeled sensory neurons were detected in the L3-L6 DRGs with high concentration in L4 DRG, and the labeled motor neurons located in the dorsolateral and intermediate regions of lamina IX from L3-L5 segments with high concentration at L4. Meanwhile, CGRPpositive neural labeling distributed symmetrically on both sides of DRGs, anterior and dorsal horns of spinal cord. In the AF594-CTB labeled neurons, 37% sensory neurons and 100% motor neurons expressed CGRPpositive.

CONCLUSIONThese findings present the morphological evidence to demonstrate that the sensory and motor neurons associated Zusanli in the rat distributed with segmental and regional patterns, and contained CGRP-expression.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of AP-1 Decoy on matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) imbalance induced by bleomycin-A5 (BLM-A5) in pulmonary fibroblasts.

METHODSPulmonary fibroblasts were primary cultured, and transferred with AP-1 Decoy before treated with BLM-A5. MMPs activity in medium was determined by gelatin zymography. Protein content of TIMP-1 in medium was detected by ELISA. Expression of MMP-2 mRNA and TIMP-1 mRNA were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSBLM-A5 induced the increase in activity of MMP-2 at 12 h [A: (0.77 +/- 0.08) vs (0.65 +/- 0.07) P < 0.05], but it was suppressed by AP-1 Decoy [A: (0.68 +/- 0.05)]. BLM-A5 up-regulated the expression of protein and mRNA of TIMP-1 after 12 h, and 24 h [(39.3 +/- 4.3), (46.3 +/- 4.8) ng/ml vs (28.9 +/- 2.7), (31.6 +/- 2.4) ng/ml] and [Absorbance ratio to beta-actin: (0.94 +/- 0.13, 1.08 +/- 0.06) vs (0.76 +/- 0.07, 0.75 +/- 0.08)] (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) but AP-1 Decoy modulated the up-regulation. All these indexes in AP-1 Decoy group had no significant difference in contrast to the normal group. Mutant AP-1 Decoy had not the same function as AP-1 Decoy on the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in pulmonary fibroblasts.

CONCLUSIONAP-1 Decoy inhibits the increase in MMP-2 activity and the up-regulation of TIMP-1 induced by BLM-A5 in pulmonary fibroblasts.

Bleomycin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lung ; cytology ; metabolism ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; metabolism ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; metabolism

Objective:Flavonoids,as the major constituents in Oroxyli Semen,had a variety of pharmacological effects against inflammation,infections,and oxidation. In this study,an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was established to analyze and identify the various flavonoids in Oroxyli Semen. Method:The separation was performed on an Kinetex-XB C₁₈ column(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7 μm)with gradient elution,which was carried out with 0.1%formic acid acetonitrile as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.25 mL·min^-1,and the injection volume was 3 μL. Electrospray ionization source was in the negative ion mode. Target and non-target screenings were carried out by Peakview 2.2 and Masterview 1.0 software. Then the identification of target compounds were completed based on accurate mass,isotopic abundance ratio and MS/MS fragment,and the non-target compounds were determined according to literature reports and MS cleavage mechanism. Result:According to the high resolution MS spectra data,fragmentation ion information and retention time,36 peaks of Oroxyli Semen were identified, including 10 flavonoids and 26 flavonoid glycosides according to literature reports and MS cleavage mechanism. Conclusion:The study comprehensively analyzes the chemical composition of Oroxyli Semen,which is significant to study of the chemical constituents, quality control and material basis of Oroxyli Semen.

OBJECTIVETo construct the eukaryotic expression vectors of human cyclin D1 gene and express them in poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z cells).

METHODSThe full-length cyclin D1 was cloned from CNE-2Z cells by RT-PCR. The cDNA fragments were inserted into pIRES2-EGFP plasmids and pEGFP-C2 plasmids and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing. The recombinant vectors were transfected into CNE-2Z cells via Lipofectamine 2000, and the expression of cyclin D1 in the cells was examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.

RESULTSAgarose gel electrophoresis showed a 918 bp band of the RT-PCR products, which matched the expected size. Restriction enzyme digestion, PCR and sequencing demonstrated successful construction of the recombinant vectors. CNE-2Z cells transfected with the recombinant vectors expressed cyclin D1 protein or cyclin D1-GFP protein as were verified by immunofluorescence and Western blotting.

CONCLUSIONWe have cloned cyclin D1 gene and constructed its eukaryotic expression vectors that can be expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells, which may facilitate the study of the role of cyclin D1 in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclin D1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanisms of upregulated expression of cellular Fas-associated death domain-like interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme inhibitory protein(c-FLIP)by calreticulin(CRT)in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The semi-quantitative analysis and localization of c-FLIP in RA and osteoarthritis (OA)synovium were detected by immunohistochemistry.The fibroblast-like synoviocytes(FLS)were isolated by enzymatic digestion of synovial tissue specimens obtained from RA and OA patients,and cultured as an in vitro experiment model.The expressions of c-FLIP in RA and OA synovial fibroblasts were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blot assay. Whether CRT influenced c-FLIP expression and its molecular mechanism were explored by Western blot assay. Results The high expression of c-FLIP was found in RA synovium, mainly in the lining and sublining areas of FLS and vascular endothelial cells detected by immunohistochemistry.Meanwhile,weak staining of c-FLIP was observed in OA synovium.The expression of c-FLIP was significantly higher in RA synovium than that of OA synovium(t=11.717,P<0.001).Results of immunofluorescence and Western blot assay showed that c-FLIP was mainly located in cytoplasm, and which was higher expressed in FLS of RA than that of OA. The increased c-FLIP expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB were detected after being co-incubated with exogenous CRT (0, 10, 50, 100 μg/L), in dose-dependent manner. The effect of CRT upregulating c-FLIP expression was blocked by NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082.Conclusion CRT can increase c-FLIP expression at least partly through NF-κB pathway in RA,which may provide therapeutic target for the treatment of RA.

Aim To evaluate the effects of different doses of baicalin on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in SD rats and explore the possible mechanism.Methods Firstly,the model of RA in SD rats was prepared and the hind foot swelling was measured;HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the knee joint synovial tissue;RT-qPCR was adopted to determine the mRNA expressions of TLR2 and MyD88 in synovial tissue;Western blot was used to determine the protein expressions of TLR2,MyD88 and NF-κB p65 aher intragastric administration of different doses of baicalin solution.Results Compared with the model,baicalin (60 and 30 mg · kg-1) could inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts and inflammatory damages in synovial tissue,significantly cut down mRNA expressions of TLR2 and MyD88 (P ＜ 0.05) and markedly reduce protein expressions of TLR2,MyD88 and NF-κB p65 (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Baicalin has good effects on RA,which may be realized by inhibiting the activation of TLR2-NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of bone marrow immunopathogenesis in the diagnosis and staging of lymphoma. Methods Clinical data of 266 patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma admitted to Department of Hematology in the First Hospital of Jilin University from August 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The results of lymphoma diagnosis and staging in different bone marrow detection methods were compared, SPSS 22.0 software was used to make statistical analysis and χ2 test was used to compare the positive rates of lymphoma bone marrow infiltration in different methods. Results In the 266 patients, 64 cases (24.1 %) were diagnosed with lymphoma by using bone marrow detection on the condition that no lymph node pathology was available and all the immunophenotypes of 64 cases were identified by bone marrow immunopathology. Bone marrow infiltration was identified in 121 patients (45.5 %), among which the rate of bone marrow infiltration was 0 (0/12) in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and 47.6 % (121/254) in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The rate of bone marrow infiltration was 50.0 % (105/210) and 36.4 % (16/44) in B type and T type NHL respectively. The positive rate of bone marrow infiltration detected by bone marrow smear, bone marrow biopsy, bone marrow flow cytometry and bone marrow immunopathology were 78.5 % (95/121), 87.6 % (106/121), 89.3 % (108/121), 96.7 % (117/121) respectively. Bone marrow immunopathology was more advantageous than any other methods, and there was a statistical difference (χ2＝18.38, 9.09, 3.76; all P < 0.05). Among 121 patients who were identified with bone marrow infiltration by bone marrow detection, the staging of 42 patients (34.7 %) were amended, including the staging of 39 amended patients (32.2 %) through bone marrow immunopathologic detection. Conclusion Bone marrow immunopathology can be used for the diagnosis and classification of lymphoma, which has an obvious advantage in detecting bone marrow infiltration of lymphoma compared with bone marrow smear, bone marrow biopsy, bone marrow flow cytometry, and it can be used to amend the clinical staging.