Objective To investigate the effects of continuous wound infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia on local inflammation.Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients,aged 45-64 yr,weighing 45-80 kg,undergoing simple nephrectomy,were randomized into either continusous wound infusion of local anesthetic group ( group CWI ) or control group ( group C),with 20 cases each.Group CWI were treated with continuous wound infusion of 0.25％ ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia,while group C were infused with the same volume of normal saline.All patients received patient-controlled analgesia with intravenous morphine.At 6,12,24 and 48 h after operation,the accumulated consumption of morphine was documented,and the concentration of prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) of drainage was determined using ELISA.Results Compared with group C,the accumulated consumption of morphine was decreased,and the PGE2 concentration was decreased in group CWI at each time points.Conclusion The mechanism of postoperative analgesic effect of continuous wound infusion of ropivacaine is related to the suppression of local inflammation in wound sites.

Objective To explore the correlation factors of hospital stay and hospitalization costs among patients with acute ischemia stroke (AIS). Methods The clinical data of the patients with first diagnosis of AIS at Peking University Third Hospital in China from January 1 , 2012 to December 31 , 2012 were retrospectively analyzed to investigate the correlation factors of hospital stay and hospitalization costs using univariate analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results The study involved 496 patients, with a mean age of 63.38 years (range:26~88 years). Multivariate regression analysis showed the significant impact factors for LOS were age, pneumonia, the total score on NIHSS, medication for secondary prevention and stroke subtype. The significant impact factors for cost of hospital stay were payment method, stroke subtype, age, the total score on NIHSS and medication for secondary prevention. Conclusions Age, pneumonia, the total score on NIHSS, stroke treatment and its subtypes are the significant impact factors affecting hospital stay. Payment method, stroke subtype, age, the total score on NIHSS and medication for secondary prevention are the significant impact factors affecting costs of hospitalization.

Objective　To appraise the real situation of lega l contagious diseases exactly, to find and to correct the problems in reportin g epidemic diseases in time. Methods　Census and sampling surve y were applied in the different level medical institutions and inhabitants to in vestigate the legal contagious diseases failed to report. Results　13 species of legal contagious diseases were found out in medical institutio ns, amouted to 5 917 cases, and the rate failed to report was 29.85%; there wa s signifi cant difference in different medical institutions; 9 species of legal contagious diseases amouted to 546 cases were found out in 56 947 inhabitants, and its inc idence rate was 505.73 per 100 000, while the rate failed to report was 48.71%. C onclusions　We should strengthen the reporting of epidemic disease in ru ral and indiviual medical institutions.

Objective To study the pathologic features,differential diagnoses and pathogenesis of splenic vascular tumors.Methods The records of 7 patients with splenic vascular tumors were reviewed.Immunohistochemical studies were performed by EnVision assay.Results The histopathologic diagnoses were hemangioma (n=2),lymphangioma (n=2) and hemolymplangioma (n=3 ).Positive immunoreactivity of CD31 and CD34 was found in vascular endothelial cells,and D2-40 expression was only identified in lymphatic endothelial cells.Conclusions Immunohistochemical staining of D2-40,CD31,CD34 was very helpful in the diagnosis of splenic vascular tumors.

Objective To establish the experimental animal model of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in rats induced by caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis (CAM) containting aristolochic acid (AA) and compare the interventional effects among ligustrazine, prednisone and benazepril. Methods Male SD rats were divided randomly into six groups, 12 rats in each group. Control group, model group, prednisone group, benazepril group, ligustrazineⅠgroup and ligustrazineⅡgroup were given respectively by gavage with 3 ml/d distilled water,5 g?kg-1?d-1 CAM decoction (CAM 2 g/ml, AA 0.54 mg/ml, AA-Ⅰ0.46 mg/ml) for 60 days, then 3 ml/d distilled water, 10 g?g-1?d-1 CAM decoction for 30 days. Two hours after CAM gavage, control group and model group were given with normal saline. Prednisone group, benazepril group, ligustrazine group and ligustrazineⅡgroup were given with prednisone 5 mg?kg-1?d-1, benazepril 1.7 mg?kg-1?d-1, ligustrazine 50 mg?kg-1?d-1, ligustrazine 150 mg?kg-1?d-1 respectively by gavage for 90 days. Histopathology of kidney tissue was examined after 90 days. Results The renal tissue of control group was normal. Light microscopy of model group revealed patchy vacuolar changes of cells from proximal convoluted tubular epithelium, disorder and loss of brush border, exfoliated epithelial cells in the lumina, exposure of areas of denuded and rupture and thickness and atrophy of tubular basement membrane (TBM), edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the interstitium, focal segmental proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells and increase of mesangial matrix, part thickness of interlobular arterial walls. The above abnormalities of other four groups were significantly attenuated compared to model group. Electron microscopy of model group revealed patchy vacuolar changes and fatty degeneration of cells from proximal convoluted tubular epithelium, swelling of mitonchondria, reduce of organelle, karyorrhexis, apoptosis, infiltration of inflammatory cells (phagocytes and lymphocytes) in the interstitium and infiltration of lymphocytes in the epithelium, thickness of interlobular arterial walls, stenosis of lumina. The above abnormalities of electron microscopy in other four groups were remarkably improved compared to model group as well, especially in ligustrazine II group and prednisone group. Conclusions Pathological change of ATN is confirmed in kidney tissue and the rat ATN model induced of AA is successfully established. Benazepril, prednisone and ligustrazine can attenuate the toxic effects by AA. Prednisone and ligustrazine have a better efficacy.

The reduced level of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma is a strong predictor of atherosclerotic vascular disease risk. However, like low density lipoprotein (LDL), HDL is readily oxidized by a variety of oxidants in vitro . This review briefly discussed about the susceptibility of HDL to oxidation, the site and physiologic oxidants of HDL oxidation in vivo ,structural change in oxidized HDL, as well as the influence of different changes in structure of oxidized HDL on the protective function of HDL against atherosclerosis.

TCM literature in Qing Dynasty has the characteristic of a huge quantity, a great variety, a complete taxon and an extensive spreading. Of TCM literature in other Dynasties, it has the most quantity and makes the later generation know the development of medicine in Qing Dynasty. TCM literature and development of TCM can promote each other, the development of TCM promote the publish of TCM books, on the other hand, the publish and spreading of TCM books promote the development of TCM.

The article reported that the lipid and EPA were extracted from Chlorella hirataii and analyzed by GC method. The content of the lipid could be influenced by the time and conditions of the culture. The results showed that the content of EPA in the lipid of Chlorella hirataii was about 28 per cent and was higher than the content of EPA in fish oil. Therefore, Chlorella hirataii was a valuable resource rich in EPA.

OBJECTIVE To comprehensively analyze the risk factors for infection and colonization of community-acquired MRSA.METHODS The results of 12 studies were analyzed by meta-analysis and the OR value of every factor was calculated.RESULTS All eight risk factors were evaluated:prior hospitalization(OR=2.46,CI1.25-4.85),antibiotics exposure recently(OR=2.77,CI1.34-5.74),contact with healthcare system and medical workers frequently(OR=6.48,CI2.38-17.63),surgery or invasive procedure(OR=2.53,CI1.90-3.36),age(OR=-1.99,CI-9.21-5.23),gender(OR=1.04,CI0.71-1.51),intravenous drug use(OR=1.49,CI0.34-6.54),and underlying diseases(OR=1.12,CI0.55-2.28).CONCLUSIONS Prior hospitalization,antibiotics exposure recently,contact with healthcare system and medical workers frequently and surgery or invasive procedure are risk factors of community-acquired MRSA.The effects of age,gender,intravenous drug use and underlying diseases need further investigation.

Objective To explore the genetic characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of hereditary spherical polycythemia (HS). Methods The clinical data of one case of HS was analyzed retrospectively, and related literatures were reviewed. Results The 5-year-old girl presented hemolytic anemia from 6 months old. Incubation of fragility tests was positive. Blood smears and red cell electron microscopy showed spherical red blood cells. DNA sequencing showed alterations in heterozygosity of stopgain SNV. The girl was diagnosed was HS, and was scheduled to undergo splenectomy at 6 years old. Conclusions HS is an autosomal dominant genetic disease, mainly manifested as anemia, hemolytic anemia, and splenomegaly. The early diagnosis depends on genetic testing.