Objective This study aimed to clarify the intervention effect of salidroside(SAL)on lung injury caused by PM2.5 in mice and illuminate the function of SIRT1-PGC-1ɑ axis. Methods Specific pathogen-free(SPF)grade male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the following groups:control group,SAL group,PM2.5 group,SAL+PM2.5 group.On the first day,SAL was given by gavage,and on the second day,PM2.5 suspension was given by intratracheal instillation.The whole experiment consist of a total of 10 cycles,lasting 20 days.At the end of treatment,blood samples and lung tissues were collected and analyzed.Observation of pathological changes in lung tissue using inverted microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.The expression of inflammatory,antioxidants,apoptosis,and SIRT1-PGC-1ɑ proteins were detected by Western blotting. Results Exposure to PM2.5 leads to obvious morphological and pathologica changes in the lung of mice.PM2.5 caused a decline in levels of antioxidant-related enzymes and protein expressions of HO-1,Nrf2,SOD2,SIRT1 and PGC-1ɑ,and an increase in the protein expressions of IL-6,IL-1β,Bax,caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3.However,SAL reversed the aforementioned changes caused by PM2.5 by activating the SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway. Conclusion SAL can activate SIRT1-PGC-1ɑ to ameliorate PM2.5-induced lung injury.

Humans ; Infant ; Female ; Dandy-Walker Syndrome/diagnosis* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Craniocerebral Trauma/complications*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of Wen-Luo-Tong Granules (WLT) local administration in the treatment of patients with peripheral neuropathy (PN) induced by chemotherapy or target therapy. METHODS: This study is a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-eight patients with PN induced by chemotherapy or target therapy were enrolled from China-Japan Friendship Hospital between July 2019 and January 2020. They were randomly assigned to WLT (39 cases) and control groups (39 cases) using a block randomization method. The WLT group received WLT (hand and foot bath) plus oral Mecobalamin for 1 week, while the control group received placebo plus oral Mecobalamin. The primary endpoint was PN grade evaluated by the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE). The secondary endpoints included quantitative touch-detection threshold, neuropathy symptoms, Quality of Life Questionnaire-Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (QLQ-CIPN20), and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30 (QLQ-C30). RESULTS: After treatment, the PN grade in the WLT group was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.00 ± 0.29 vs. 1.75 ± 0.68, P<0.01). The total effective rate in the WLT group was significantly higher than that in the control group (82.05% vs. 51.28%, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the touch-detection thresholds at fingertips, neuropathy symptom score, QLQ-CIPN 20 (sensory scale, motor scale, autonomic scale, and sum score), and QLQ-C30 (physical functioning, role functioning, emotional functioning, and global health) in the WLT group significantly improved after treatment (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION WLT local administration was significantly effective in the treatment of patients with PN induced by chemotherapy or target therapy. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR1900023862).
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects* ; China ; Humans ; Japan ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/drug therapy* ; Quality of Life/psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective: Several COVID-19 patients have overlapping comorbidities. The independent role of each component contributing to the risk of COVID-19 is unknown, and how some non-cardiometabolic comorbidities affect the risk of COVID-19 remains unclear. Methods: A retrospective follow-up design was adopted. A total of 1,160 laboratory-confirmed patients were enrolled from nine provinces in China. Data on comorbidities were obtained from the patients' medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio ( Results: Overall, 158 (13.6%) patients were diagnosed with severe illness and 32 (2.7%) had unfavorable outcomes. Hypertension (2.87, 1.30-6.32), type 2 diabetes (T2DM) (3.57, 2.32-5.49), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (3.78, 1.81-7.89), fatty liver disease (7.53, 1.96-28.96), hyperlipidemia (2.15, 1.26-3.67), other lung diseases (6.00, 3.01-11.96), and electrolyte imbalance (10.40, 3.00-26.10) were independently linked to increased odds of being severely ill. T2DM (6.07, 2.89-12.75), CVD (8.47, 6.03-11.89), and electrolyte imbalance (19.44, 11.47-32.96) were also strong predictors of unfavorable outcomes. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease on admission (5.46, 3.25-9.19), while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes (6.58, 1.46-29.64) within two weeks. Conclusion Besides hypertension, diabetes, and CVD, fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, other lung diseases, and electrolyte imbalance were independent risk factors for COVID-19 severity and poor treatment outcome. Women with comorbidities were more likely to have severe disease, while men with comorbidities were more likely to have unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/virology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVES: To use virtual anatomy technique in the analysis of post-mortem characteristic changes of CT images in the experimental drowning rabbit model and the related parameters in 3D virtual model, so as to explore its application value in the diagnosis of drowning in forensic pathology. METHODS: A model of drowning rabbits was established, with animal models of hemorrhagic shock and mechanical asphyxia as the controls. CT scan was performed on the experimental animals, and the differences in imaging features between the groups were compared by morphological reading of the tomographic images. CT data were imported into Mimics 14.0 software for 3D modeling. The CT values and lung volumes were calculated by the software, and the differences on CT values and lung volumes brought by different causes of death were analyzed. RESULTS: The CT images of lungs in the drowning group showed characteristic ground-glass opacity （diffuse and uniform density increase）. There were no obvious abnormalities in hemorrhagic shock group, and only a few similar changes were found in the mechanical asphyxia group. Compared with the controls, the CT values and the lung volumes in the drowning group were significantly increased P<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Based on post-mortem lung imaging, the combination of CT value and lung volume changes can effectively reflect the virtual anatomical features in drowning, and provide a diagnostic basis for the forensic identification of drowning.
Animals ; Drowning ; Lung/diagnostic imaging* ; Rabbits ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To develop a simple and reliable rat model of in situ reversible obstructive jaundice with low morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS: Rats were divided into 4 groups with 8 rats each: the sham-operated (SH) group only underwent laparotomy, the control internal drainage (ID-C) group underwent choledochoduodenostomy, the new internal drainage (ID-N) group and the long-term internal drainage (ID-L) group underwent choledochocholedochostomy. Common bile duct ligation was performed in all the drainage groups 7 days before reversal procedures. All rats were sacrificed for samples 7 days after the last operation except rats of the ID-L group that survived 28 days before sacrifice. Body weight, liver function, histopathological changes, morbidity and mortality were assessed. RESULTS: One rat died and 2 rats had complications with tube blockage in the ID-C group. No death or complications occurred in the ID-N and ID-L groups. The drainage tube remained patent in the long-term observation ID-L group. Body weight showed no significant difference between the ID-C and ID-N groups after 7 days drainage. Liver function was not fully recovered in the ID-C and ID-N groups after 7 days drainage, but statistical differences were only observed in the ID-C group compared with the SH and ID-L groups. Periportal inflammation and bile duct proliferation showed severer in the ID-C group than in the ID-N group. CONCLUSION: The present study provided an efficient, simple, and reliable rat model that is especially suitable for long-term or consecutive studies of reversible obstructive jaundice.
Animals ; Bile Ducts ; Body Weight ; Choledochostomy ; Common Bile Duct ; Drainage ; Inflammation ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Laparotomy ; Ligation ; Liver ; Models, Animal* ; Mortality ; Rats*

PURPOSE: To develop a simple and reliable rat model of in situ reversible obstructive jaundice with low morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS: Rats were divided into 4 groups with 8 rats each: the sham-operated (SH) group only underwent laparotomy, the control internal drainage (ID-C) group underwent choledochoduodenostomy, the new internal drainage (ID-N) group and the long-term internal drainage (ID-L) group underwent choledochocholedochostomy. Common bile duct ligation was performed in all the drainage groups 7 days before reversal procedures. All rats were sacrificed for samples 7 days after the last operation except rats of the ID-L group that survived 28 days before sacrifice. Body weight, liver function, histopathological changes, morbidity and mortality were assessed. RESULTS: One rat died and 2 rats had complications with tube blockage in the ID-C group. No death or complications occurred in the ID-N and ID-L groups. The drainage tube remained patent in the long-term observation ID-L group. Body weight showed no significant difference between the ID-C and ID-N groups after 7 days drainage. Liver function was not fully recovered in the ID-C and ID-N groups after 7 days drainage, but statistical differences were only observed in the ID-C group compared with the SH and ID-L groups. Periportal inflammation and bile duct proliferation showed severer in the ID-C group than in the ID-N group. CONCLUSION: The present study provided an efficient, simple, and reliable rat model that is especially suitable for long-term or consecutive studies of reversible obstructive jaundice.
Animals ; Bile Ducts ; Body Weight ; Choledochostomy ; Common Bile Duct ; Drainage ; Inflammation ; Jaundice, Obstructive* ; Laparotomy ; Ligation ; Liver ; Models, Animal* ; Mortality ; Rats*

Objective To study the bactericidal efficacy of hospital commonly used disinfectants such as ethanol,3" chlorine tablets,iodophor,glutaraldehyde,and avagard instant hand antiseptic on Staphylococcus aureus (S.a ureus) from different sources of hospital,and provide scientific basis for effective control of healthcare-associated infection(HAI).Methods A total of 48 strains of S.aureus from inpatients,hands of health care workers,and environment surface in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were collected.Disinfectant was directly contacted with bacteria,in vitro killing efficacy of disinfectant on S.aureus from different sources at different diluted concentrations,and different contact time were studied.Results The killing rate of 5g/L iodophor,20g/L glutaraldehyde,and avagard instant hand antiseptic(0.5％ chlorhexidine + 70％ ethanol) to S.aureus with a 5-minute contact time was 100％;killing rates of 70％ ethanol and 1g/L 3" chlorine tablets to S.aureus with a 5-minute contact time were 96.5 ％-99.8 ％;but highly diluted iodophor,glutaraldehyde,and avagard instant hand antiseptic still could not completely kill S.aureus even the contact time was extended.Conclusion The routine use of disinfectants in the hospital can meet the clinical bactericidal efficacy,it is necessary to monitor concentration routinely,avoid decreasing sterilization ability.

Objective:Analyze the characteristics of nervous system (NS)complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT ) ,and evaluate risk factors in order to reduce its occurrence ,provide better diagnosis and treatment and improve the prognosis of the patients .Methods:The clinical outcomes of the patients who developed NS complications after HSCT were collected in our hospital from August 2012 to August 2015 ,and retrospective analysis was used .Results:A total of 87 patients with NS complications after HSCT include central nervous system complications was 71 .3% (62/87 ) and peripheral nerve complications was 28 .7% (25/87) . The types of primary disease included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)34 .5% (30/87) ,acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)23 .0% (20/87) ,chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML )12 .6%(11/87) ,other types of leukemia by 9 .2% (8/87) ,aplastic anemia 13 .8% (12/87) ,myelodysplastic syndrome 6 .9% (6/87);HLA matched 19 cases (21 .8% ) ,HLA mismatched 53 cases (60 .9% ) ,unrelated donors 15 cases (17 .2% ) ,central nervous system complication rate was 16 .1% ,69 .4% and 14 .5% , respectively ;peripheral nerve complication rate was 36 .0% , 40 .0% and 24 .0% respectively (χ2 =6 .682 ,P=0 .034) .The incidences of NS complications were 26 .4% (23/87) in children and 73 .6% (64/87)in adults respectively ,and there was no significant difference in the types of NS complications (P=0 .435) . The cases accompanied with GVHD or infection respectively account for 69 .0% (60/87) and 59 .8% (52/87) ,and there were significant difference in the incidences of types of NS complications (P< 0 .05) .The onset time of 87 patients with nervous system complications or peripheral nerve complications was 1‐726 days (median 49 days) and 20‐694 days (median 80 days) , respectively .The overall mortality rate was 33 .3% (29/87) ,with central nervous system complications was 93 .1% (27/29) , with peripheral nerve complications was 6 .9% (2/29 , P< 0 .05) .Conclusions :The patients with central nervous system complications have higher incidence , higher mortality ,and shorter onset time than the patients with peripheral nerve complications ,and related with HLA types ,GVHD and infection risk factors .

Objective To study the effects of melatonin ( MT) on insulin signaling transduction defect induced by linoleic acid ( LA) and the un-derlying mechanism.Methods HepG2 cells were divided into BSA group, LA group, LA+MT group and LA+VitC group cultured with va-rious agent concentrations of 10% BSA, or 0.5 mmol? L-1 LA, or 10μmol? L-1 MT plus 0.5 mmol? L-1 LA, and 1 mmol? L-1 Vitamin C plus 0.5 mmol? L-1 LA, respectively for 24h.The level of intracellular ROS was measured by fluorometry.Phosphorylation levels of protein ki-nase B ( PKB) , Forkhead box O1 ( FoxO1 ) , and c-Jun N-terminal kinase ( JNK) were determined in total cell lysates by Western-blotting with insulin stimulation.Results ROS level increased significantly in LA group compared with that in BSA group, and was significantly higher compared with that in LA +MT group ( P <0.05 ) . There was no significant difference in ROS level between LA+MT group and BSA group.Compared with LA group, the production of ROS in LA+VitC group decreased, but significantly higher than that in LA+MT group ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with BSA group, the phosphorylation levels of both PKB and FoxO1 in LA group significantly decreased, whereas, phospho-rylation level of JNK increased significantly ( P<0.05 ) .Copared with LA group, phosphorylation levels of PKB and FoxO1 in LA +MT group increased significantly, whereas, phosphorylation level of JNK significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion LA causes the increased production of ROS in HepG2 cells.MT treatment can clear the excessive LA-induced ROS, reduce the activation of c-Jun amino terminal kinase and repair the impaired insulin downstream signal.