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Objective To investigate the effects of berberine on basolateral calcium-activated potassium current I_K(Ca)and cAMP-activated potassium current I_K(cAMP)and its mechanism in treatment of secretory diarrhea.Methods The intact colonic crypt cells were isolated with EDTA solution.The effects of berberine(50,100,500?mol/L)on I_K(Ca)and I_K(cAMP)were detected by patch clamp technique under the conventional whole cell patch clamp mode.The solution of PSS was served as control.Results Berberine could significantly inhibite I_K(Ca)and I_K(cAMP)of rat colonic crypt cells(both P

Objective To investigate the influence of Guhong injection (GHI) on ATPase activity and inflammatory response after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats, and evaluate its protective effects on cerebral I/R injury. Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham group, I/R group, nimodipine group, and the low-dose (2.5 mL/kg, GHI-L), medium-dose (5.0 mL/kg, GHI-M), and high-dose (10.0 mL/kg, GHI-H) of GHI groups according to the random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was established by the intraluminal suture method to prepare the model of focal cerebral ischemia, and reperfusion was performed after 1.5 hours of occluding the middle cerebral artery; the sham group had the same operation process except inserting the nylon thread. The injection of drug in various drug-treated groups was carried out via a tail vein at 0, 12, 24 hours after the onset of reperfusion, while the sham group and I/R group received the same amount of normal saline. At 12 hours after last drug administration, the scores of neurological deficit symptoms were evaluated; the cerebral infarction was observed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining; the Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities in the brain tissue were measured by phosphorus determination; the contents of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemotactic factor-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide (NO) in serum were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the sham group, the neurological function score was significantly decreased, the cerebral infarction was serious, the activities of ATPase was obviously decreased, and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were significantly increased in I/R group. Compared with the I/R group, the neurological function scores were significantly increased in GHI-L group, GHI-M group, GHI-H group and nimodipine group (9.03±0.63, 10.54±2.55, 12.33±1.87, 12.06±1.89 vs. 8.17±1.05, all P < 0.05), the volumes of cerebral infarction were obviously reduced [(18.51±1.80)%, (15.98±1.34)%, (8.61±1.16)%, (8.09±0.96)% vs. (26.52±2.07)%, all P < 0.01], the activities of ATPase were significantly increased [Na+-K+-ATPase (μmol·mg-1·h-1):5.10±0.30, 5.34±0.26, 6.19±0.17, 5.86±0.31 vs. 3.98±0.35, Ca2+-ATPase (μmol·mg-1·h-1): 3.68±0.44, 4.43±0.29, 5.03±0.27, 4.17±0.30 vs. 1.87±0.46, all P < 0.01], and the levels of serum inflammatory factors were decreased obviously [IL-6 (ng/L): 51.61±5.55, 43.88±4.05, 39.71±2.22, 41.28±2.66 vs. 60.11±6.61, MCP-1 (ng/L): 227.82±7.07, 201.58±13.10, 177.23±10.46, 126.80±8.49 vs. 296.01±12.85, NO (μmol/L): 54.48±3.23, 46.84±2.69, 41.15±2.80, 48.62±2.34 vs. 65.25±3.88, all P < 0.05]. Conclusions GHI not only can improve the energy metabolism of brain tissue in a dose-dependent manner, but also inhibit the inflammatory cascade of damage after cerebral I/R in rats, which might be its protective mechanism on cerebral ischemia injury.

Objective To study the efficacy and mechanism of compound Tripterygium hypoglaucum Hutch (THH) on photoallergic contact dermatitis in mice. Methods The photoallergic animal model of BALB/c mice was established by using photosensitizer chlorpromazine and UVA irradiation. The therepeutic efficacy was determined by measuring the thickness and the weight of the swelling ear and the number of infiltrated mononuclear cells in the ear tissue. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the ICAM-1 expression on keratinocytes, fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. The serum level of INF-? was measured by ELISA. The tested animals were divided into 3 groups: compound THH, THH alone and normal saline. Results The difference of the thickness of left ear before and after challenge, the differences of the thickness and the weight of ear tissue, the difference of the number of infiltrated mononuclear cells of left and right ear after challenge were significantly less in the compound THH group than those in the THH alone group (P

Gastric Lavage ; methods ; Humans ; Mannitol ; administration & dosage ; Norepinephrine ; administration & dosage ; Organophosphate Poisoning ; Pesticides ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy

OBJECTIVEThymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) plays an important role in initiating dendritic cell mediated allergic inflammation. This study was designed to examine the effects of inhaled budesonide on TSLP expression in the lung tissues and on the bronchial-pulmonary pathology in asthmatic rats.

METHODSThirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were sensitized and challenged with inhaled ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma. The asthmatic rats were randomly divided into 2 groups on the 22nd day of OVA challenge: a budesonide treatment group that received inhaled budesonide at 0.32 mg/kg daily for 7 days and an asthma control group that received inhaled 0.9% normal saline for 7 days. TSLP expression in the lung tissues was measured by Western blot and fluorescent-immunohistochemistry 29 and 36 days after OVA challenge. Bronchial-pulmonary pathological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin & eosin and periodic acid-schiff staining.

RESULTSBudesonide treatment alleviated airway inflammation when compared with the asthma control group 29 days after OVA challenge. However, the airway inflammatory reactions were aggravated in the budesonide treatment group 36 days after OVA challenge (7 days after budesonide discontinuance). TSLP expression in the lung tissues was significantly lower in the budesonide treatment group than that in the asthma control group both 29 and 36 days after OVA challenge (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSInhaled budesonide can inhibit the TSLP expression in the lung tissues and alleviate lung inflammatory reactions in asthmatic rats, but there is end-of-dose failure.

Administration, Inhalation ; Animals ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Blotting, Western ; Bronchi ; pathology ; Budesonide ; administration & dosage ; Cytokines ; analysis ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the serum levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and achilles tendon thickness (ATT).
Methods: We studied 154 patients with high serum level of LDL-C (LDL-C≥3.37 mmol/L) from 2014-03 to 2015-03, the patients were at (18-75) years of age. According to《Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Blood Lipid Abnormality in Chinese Adults 2007》, the patients were divided into 2 groups:Borderline high LDL-C (3.3-4.12 mmol/L) group n=50 and High LDL-C (≥4.14 mmol/L) group, n=104;in addition, there was a Normal control group (LDL-C<3.37 mmol/L), n=51. ATT values were measured by standard digital radiography and the results were compared among 3 groups;the relationship between serum levels of LDL-C and ATT was studied.
Results: ATT levels in High LDL-C group (9.42 ± 3.63) mm was higher than Borderline high group (8.24±1.73) mm and Normal control group (6.05±0.28)mm, all P<0.05. The liner correlation coefifcient of serum level of LDL-C and the mean ATT was (r=0.346, P<0.001).
Conclusion: Our preliminary research showed that the higher serum level of LDL-C associated with thicker ATT, they had positive correlation. This phenomenon should be further conifrmed by large sample and multi-center investigation.

The study was aimed to investigate the application value of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on cell smears in hematological diseases. Both interphase FISH on peripheral blood smears and bone marrow smears treated by methanol/acetic acid, and routine interphase FISH of bone marrow cells dropped on slides were done at the same time, in order to detect Ph chromosome by BCR/ABL dual color, dual fusion probe in 20 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia which had been proven to display Ph chromosome positive. The results indicated that as compared with routine interphase FISH, the interphase FISH on cell smears could also offer reliable result. It is concluded that interphase FISH on cell smears is a kind of reliable and time-saving technique, which is also suitable for retrospective research and worthy to further apply in clinic.
Adult ; Aged ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; methods ; Female ; Hematologic Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; methods ; Interphase ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDGenetic factors are believed to play a role in the individual susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been reported but inconsistent results may arise from different populations and phenotypes of COPD. There are only a few published studies of interleukin-13 (IL-13) SNPs on COPD. The SNPs of TNF-alpha and IL-13 have not been studied in the Chinese population. This research was conducted to study the frequencies of IL-13 gene promoter 1055 (IL-13-1055) and TNF-alpha gene-308 polymorphisms in the patients with COPD and to investigate the effect of those genetic polymorphisms on COPD in the Chinese population.

METHODSA cohort of COPD patients and age matched controls were recruited from an inpatient hospital service in Beijing. Venous blood was obtained and genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood monocytes using standard method. Genomic DNA was used as a template for amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the polymorphism at -1055 in the IL-13 gene promoter region. PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was used to determine polymorphisms in the TNF-alpha gene-308 position. The products were investigated by sequence analysis also.

RESULTSOne hundred and eleven COPD patients and 97 controls were studied. Seventy-five cases were current smokers in COPD patients and 36 were current smokers in controls. The frequencies of TT genotype in the IL-13 gene promoter region were 11.7% (13/111) in the COPD group and 13.4% (13/97) in the controls (P = 0.713). However, the OR value of TT genotype was significantly increased to 6.4 (95% CI 1.62 - 25.39) in the smokers with COPD. TT genotype was also positively related to family history of COPD, OR = 7.7 (95% CI 1.37 - 43.80). The frequencies of A allele in the TNF-alpha gene were 5.9% in COPD and 3.1% in controls (P = 0.131). The OR value of A allele was 5.0 (95% CI 1.011 to 25.059) in smokers with COPD.

CONCLUSIONSThere is no significant difference in the frequencies of the TT genotype of IL-13-1055 or the A allele of the TNF-alpha between Han Chinese patients with COPD versus control. Thus, it does not appear that these SNPs are independent factors in COPD for Han nationality in Beijing. However, these SNPs may increase the risk of COPD among smokers.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-13 ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; genetics ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

According to the current situations and development of (TCMIs), the author of the article reveals the scientific connotation of TCMIs in theory, preparations and clinic application, and points out that TCMIs are an innovative and breakthrough of conventional dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicines, the combination of traditional theory and modern technology as well as a type of modern dosage form with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines, which conforms to the principle of including the essence and excluding the wastes for traditional Chinese medicine preparations, meets the demands for quick-acting of traditional Chinese medicines and guides one of the development orientation of traditional Chinese medicines. In the meantime, an analysis was also made on key issues, such as adverse reactions of TCMIs, modern clinical application, special drug delivery route and diversity of components and ingredients.
Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Exanthema ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Injections ; adverse effects ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; adverse effects ; methods ; trends ; Nausea ; chemically induced ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Vomiting ; chemically induced