Objective To describe the prevalence of deliberate self-harm (DSH) and suicidal behaviors (SIB) as well as the relationship between them in a college student population.Methods A total of 4063 medical students were selected under the cluster sampling method in Anhui province.Data were analyzed by Pearson Chi-square and logistic regression.Results A total of 4063 ( 13.4％ )students reported that they had deliberately harmed themselves during the past 12 months.The acts of DSH with 1 and more than or equal to 2 times occurrence accounted for 3.7％ and 9.6％ among all the respondents.The act of DSH was significantly higher among boys than that among girls.Rates of suicide ideation,suicide plan,attempted suicide and SIB in the last year were 4.5％,1.4％,0.6％ and 4.9％,respectively.However no statistically significant difference was found in different sex.Students in the DSH group that with SIB were found to have lower positive coping levels (OR=0.5,95％CI:0.3-0.8),getting less support from fricnds (3-5 vs.less than or equal to 2:OR=0.6,95％CI:0.3-0.9;more than or equal to 6 vs.less than or equal to 2:OR=0A,95％CI:0.2-0.8),with higher negative coping levels (OR=2.1,95％CI:1.2-3.7),having more serious depressive symptoms (OR=2.9,95％ CI:1.6-5.2) and anxiety symptoms (OR=2.2,95％ CI:1.2-3.8),having more serious sleeping problems (OR=1.7,95％CI:1.1-2.8 ) and perceived fat (fat vs.moderate:OR=2.0,95％CI:1.1-3.6) than the DSH group without SIB.The rates of SIB in students with DSH behavior were significantly higher than those in students without those behaviors (OR=4.7,95％ CI:3.5-6.4).Psyehosocial variables could attenuate the relationship between the DSH status and suicidal events (OR=3.3,95％CI:2.4-4.5).The DSH frequency exhibited a curvilinear relationship to SIB (OR=3.1-10.0) and psychosocial variables also attenuated this relationship (OR=2.4-5.9).Conclusion It was well known that SIB was not a suicidal gesture but our findings suggested that the presence of DSH might trigger the suicidal attempts.

Objective This paper aimed to report the rate of suicide attempts among adolescent and young students of eight cities in China, and to examine the impact of related psychosocial factors on suicide attempts. Methods The investigation was obtained in senior and junior high school and college students in eight cities of China. All of the 17 622 participants were recruited to complete anonymous questionnaires regarding their experiences of suicide attempts and related psychosocial factors. Results Overall, 2.2 percent of the respondents reported that they had experienced attempted suicide during the previous year. Scores on high anxiety (OR=2.61,95%CI: 1.64-4.16),high depression (OR=2.05, 95%CI: 1.35-3.10),suicide idea (OR= 14.21, 95%CI: 9.88-20.43),suicide plan(OR=3.50,95%CI:2.59-4.73) were revealed as common risk factors while the whole time span being accompanied by mothers during juvenile years (OR=0.38, 95% CI: 0.20-0.74) seemed to be protective factor for suicide attempts through multivariate logistic regression analysis. Conclusion Our results showed that emotional symptom, idea and plans for suicide were statistically associated with suicide attempted in high school and college students.

OBJECTIVETo observe the therapeutic efficacy of dietary boron supplement on retinoic acid-induced osteoporosis in rats, so as to provide experimental evidence for clinical management of osteoporosis with boron.

METHODSThirty-two SD rats were randomized into normal control group (8 rats) and osteoporotic group (24 rats), and osteoporosis was induced in rats of the latter group by intragastric retinoic acid administration at the daily dose of 80 mg/kg for 15 consecutive days. The osteoporotic rats were subdivided into control group (8 rats) without treatment, boron treatment group (8 rats) and estradiol treatment group (8 rats). After 30 days of treatment, the serum contents of Ca, P, boron and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in the rats were assayed, the bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body, lumbar vertebrae and tibia were determined, and the morphological changes of the femurs were observed.

RESULTSThe serum contents of Ca and P in the rats of the 4 groups differed scarcely, but the content of boron in boron treatment group was markedly higher than that in the other three groups. In the osteoporotic control group, the activities of serum AKP and TRAP, the masses of spongy bone and cortical bone of the femurs, and the quantity of the osteoclasts were increased, with the BMD of the lumbar vertebrae and tibia decreased, suggesting osteoporotic conditions. The mean trabecular plate density and thickness, trabecular bone volume and cortical bone volume of the femurs in the osteoporotic rats treated with boron or estradiol were significantly increased, but the active osteoclast quantity in the spongy bone and serum TRAP activities were obviously decreased, and the bone quality was comparable with that of the normal group. In addition, the serum AKP activity and the active osteoblast quantity in the spongy bone were obviously increased in boron treatment group.

CONCLUSIONThe dietary boron supplement can increase the serum content of boron of osteoporotic rats to stimulate bone formation and inhibit bone resorption, producing therefore obvious therapeutical effect against osteoporosis.

Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Bone Density ; drug effects ; Boron ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Dietary Supplements ; Female ; Femur ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Osteoporosis ; blood ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase ; Time Factors ; Tretinoin

OBJECTIVEAlthough stressful life events represent an etiologic factor of mental health problems in adolescents, few studies have been conducted to address mechanisms linking the stress-psychopathology relation. The present study was designed to examine coping as a mediate factor on the relationship between stressful life events and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

METHODSThe participants were 13 512 students from eight cities of China, who participated in a school-based survey. Data were collected by a questionnaire comprising coping, stressful life events, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. As a model, a series of regression equations were used to examine whether coping mediated the association between stressful life events and symptoms of anxiety and depression.

RESULTSEach dimension of stressful life events showed significant correlation with anxiety, depression and coping (all P<0.001). In the model to analyze mediate effects, all standardized coefficients (β) were significant (all P<0.01), indicating marked mediator effects. Furthermore, negative coping might account for more mediate effects than positive coping on this relationship.

CONCLUSIONCoping partially mediated the relationship between stressful life events and mental health during adolescence. This study highlighted an important public health priority for preventive interventions targeting stress-related psychopathology, and for further promoting adolescents' mental health.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Anxiety ; psychology ; China ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Depression ; psychology ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Mental Health ; Models, Psychological ; Students ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo investigate the prevalence of common psychosomatic symptoms among Chinese adolescents and the influence on 6 months later suicide and self-injurious behavior.

METHODSBased on the cluster sampling method, the participants who were recruited from 8 cities from 3 areas in China, including Eastern areas (Beijing, Shaoxing and Guangzhou), Middle areas (Ezhou, Harbin and Taiyuan) and Western areas (Guiyang and Chongqing), were administered by multidimensional sub-health questionnaire of adolescents (MSQA) in March 2008. Demographics, life style, psychosomatic symptoms, suicide and self-injurious behavior were also assessed. A total of 17 622 questionnaires were valid at baseline. Six months later, 14 407 questionnaires were eligible for two waves investigation. Analysis of Pearson chi-square and logistic model regression analysis were employed to compare the incidence of psychosomatic symptoms, suicide and self-injurious behaviors among different areas and to explore the possible risk factors of those symptoms and behaviors.

RESULTSAt baseline, rates of total common physiological and psychological symptoms were 24.1% (4255/17622) and 30.9% (5447/17622), respectively, with the highest being eating and drinking too much (6.4%, 1130/17622) and hardly feel ease to learn at home (11.8%, 2087/17 622). In males, the rate of common psychological symptoms (30.7%, 2637/8599) was higher than physiological symptoms (24.0%, 2061/8599) (P < 0.05); in females, the rate of common psychological symptoms (31.1%, 2810/9023) was higher than physiological symptoms (24.3%, 2194/9023) (P<0.05). The rate of the common psychosomatic symptoms in senior high school students (46.8%, 2905/6208) were significantly higher than those in middle high school students (37.3%, 2337/6262) and college students (33.2%, 1711/5152) (all P values <0.05). Students from Western areas had the highest incidences of the common physiological and psychological symptoms (30.2%, 1471/4871; 40.6%, 1979/4871), higher than students from Middle areas (22.4%, 1443/6453; 27.0%, 1743/6453) and Eastern areas (21.3%, 1341/6298; 27.4%, 1725/6298) (all P values <0. 05). Results from multiple logistic regression showed that physical symptoms > or = 2 at baseline were shared risk factors for suicidal ideation (RR = 1.44, 95% CI:1.16 - 1.79), attempted suicide (RR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.22 - 2.61) and self-injurious behaviors (RR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.17 - 1.66) 6 months later. Psychopathological symptoms > or = 4 at baseline was the shared risk factors for suicide ideation (RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.39 -2.17), attempted suicide (RR = 2.08, 95%CI: 1.39 - 3.11) and self-injurious (RR = 1.90, 95%CI: 1.59 - 2.28) 6 months later.

CONCLUSIONIt is common in Chinese adolescents who have multiple psychosomatic symptoms simultaneously. What's important is that those common psychosomatic symptoms are shared risk factors of later suicidal and self-injurious behaviors.

Adolescent ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Psychophysiologic Disorders ; epidemiology ; Self-Injurious Behavior ; epidemiology ; psychology ; Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical effect of three dimensional diaplasis fixation in fracture of tibia and fibula.

METHODSTwenty-one cases of fracture of tibia and fibula were treated with three dimensions fixation (12 males, 9 females, with an average age of 46 years). There were 5 cases in open fracture, 16 cases in closed fracture, and 4 cases in up-segment fracture, 8 cases in mid-segment fracture, 9 cases in below-segment fracture. Oblique fracture were in 10 cases, thrypsis were in 8 cases, multisegmental fracture were in 3 cases.

RESULTS(1) Conditions of diaplasis fracture: dissected diaplasis were in 11 cases, closely dissected diaplasis in 9 cases, functional diaplasis in 1 case. (2) Clinical healing time: the minimum time was 43 days and maximum time was 85 days with an average of 62 days. (3) Conditions of functional recovery: all the patients were followed up from 4 to 12 months, 13 cases were excellent, 8 cases were good. (4) Time of backouting three dimensional diaplasis fixation: the minimum time was 6 weeks and the maximum 12 weeks with an average time of 8.5 weeks.

CONCLUSIONThe three dimensional diaplasis fixation and the fracture extremity from such a three dimensional solid that it can satisfy crus biomechanics for treating fracture of tibia and fibula with unstressed barrier and uncentric stress. Moreover, the three dimensional diaplasis fixation is elastic, it's structure is so fixed that it can be favorable for bone union.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fibula ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Fracture Fixation ; instrumentation ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Fixation Devices ; Recovery of Function ; Tibial Fractures ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological and molecular typing features of the pathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated in China,using pulsed field gel electrophoresis(PFGE) and standardized PFGE method as well as typing database of Yersinia enterocolitica.

METHODSPFGE analysis was performed as Laboratory Directions for molecular subtyping of Salmonella by PFGE (PulseNet,USA) with some modifications and the results of PFGE were analyzed by BioNumerics soft (Version 4.0, Applied Maths BVBA, Belium).

RESULTS114 O:3 Yersinia enterocolitica strains were typed by 25 patterns to have found that K6GN11C30012 (50 strains), K6GN11C30015(19 strains) and K6GN11C30016(10 strains) were the major patterns. K6GNllC30012 had 92.2% cluster similarity with K6GN11C30009-K6GN11C30023. This clone included 91.23% strains of 114 0:3 Yersinia enterocolitica strains. 51 0:9 Yersinia enterocolitica strains were typed by 14 patterns; K6GN11C90004 (22 strains) and K6GN11C90010 (13 strains)were the major patterns. K6GN11C90004 had 81.8% cluster similarity with K6GN11C90010 patterns. The major patterns of 0:3 and 0:9 serotypes were quite different.

CONCLUSIONO:3 Yersinia enterocolitica strains might originate from the same clone and had very few variation in different years and provinces but O:9 Yersinia enterocolitica strains from two different clones with some changes.

China ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ; Humans ; Yersinia enterocolitica ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Objective According to results from the two-month consecutive surveillance program in Maanshan,six suspected cases of non-O1 non-O139 Vibrio (V.) cholerae infection,were found that called for identification of pathogens as well as molecular-epidemiological analysis to determine the aggregation of the epidemic situation.Methods Biochemical and serotype identification,hemolysis test,and drug sensitive test were used to detect the drug resistance spectrum.Real-time PCR and conventional PCR were used to detect the presence of V.cholerae specific genes,virulent genes and its related genes,including ompW,ctx,tcpA,toxR,hlyA,zot,ace,rstR and g ⅢCTX.Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to analyze the molecular type of strains.Results All the six isolates of non-O 1 non-O 139 V.cholerae were identified by biochemical and serologic tests,and appeared to be β hemolytic.Twelve out of the 14 kinds of drugs showed 100％ sensitive.All isolates were positive of ompW gene by real-time PCR,but negative for ctx,tcpA,zot,ace,rstR and gⅢ CTK.Five of the six isolates were positive for toxR and hlyA,except for strain 1001434446.All strains had different PFGE types,but two strains had similar types.All strains had a low similarity compared to the toxigenic V.cholerae.Conclusion Six cases ofnon-O1 and non-O139 nontoxigenic V.cholerae infection appeared in the same period.Along with epide(m)iological information,we noticed that these cases had a sporadic nature,but frequently appeared in the same area.We got the impression that public health measurements should be strengthened,with special attention paid to those diarrhea outbreaks caused by non-O 1 /non-O 139 strains since V.cholerae had appeared in low incidence.