BACKGROUND: After tooth extraction, residual ridge resorption is a complicate process, while stress is one of the main causes. Recent studies have demonstrated that osteopontin (OPN) is a kind of agent that is sensitive to mechanical stress.OBJECTIVE: To study the role of OPN in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone, and to investigate the relationship of OPN and bone rebuilding, action mechanism of OPN and cell surface receptor and the relationship of OPN and osteoblast and osteoclast, in order to reveal the molecule mechanism of residual ridge resorption mainly caused by stress, and also to be a basic theory for clinical molecule therapy or gene therapy.RETRIEVE STRATEGY: PubMed was searched from January 1985 to June 2007 for English literatures with the searching words of "OPN, mechanical stress and bone resorption" and China Journal Full-text Database was also searched from January 1995 to June 2007 for Chinese literatures with the searching words of "OFN, mechanical stress and bone resorption". Fifty-two literatures were retrieved. The data were primarily selected. Inclusive criteria: being relative to role of OPN in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone. Exclusive criteria: repetitive studies.LITERATURE EVALUATION: Among the 52 literatures, including 6 Chinese and 46 English, 5 were rejected for objective independent from this study, 13 for repetitive contents, and so 34 literatures were involved for further analysis on the role of OPN in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone, 6 being review and the others being clinical or basic studies.DATA SYNTHESIS: ①After tooth extraction, residual ridge resorption is a complicate process. It also influences the effect of artificial denture, while stress is the main cause. ② OPN is widely distributed throughout the body, and has many physiologic functions. Recent studies have demonstrated that OPN is a kind of agent that is sensitive to mechanical stress. ③Bone is a special kind of biological tissue, bone resorption and bone rebuilding both can take place when it is lack of mechanical stress (atrophy of disuse),or endures mechanical stress. ④Bone rebuilding can be seen as the results of these molecule events. OPN, as a main protein, participates in the bone resorption and bone rebuilding. ⑤These OPN can be seen as a chemotatic factor to guide prosoma osteoclast to migrate to the surface of the bone, and mediate it to combine with the integrin on the surface of osteoclast so to promote the resorption of bone. So, OPN is a necessary factor in mechanical stress induced bone loss. ⑥OPN is a signal of transmission between osteoblast and osteoclast. ⑦OPN can be seen as a long acting feedback inhibition signal to inhibit bone mineralization.CONCLUSION: OPN is a kind of agent that is sensitive to mechanical stress. It plays an important role in mediating mechanical stress effect on bone.

Objective To study the antitumor effectivity of special cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs) induced by B lymphocytes in mice.Methods B lymphocytes were collected,isolated and purfied.Cells were initially activated by CD40L and rmIL-4,then cocultivated with T lymphocytes.T lymphocyte proliferation was examined.Total RNA,which was extracted from Hepal-6(a hepatocelluar carcinoma cell line),were transfected into B lymphocytes,as experimental group;while transfected with RNA of mice liver cells,liposimes and 1640 were as control groups,The expression of antigen presenting cell(APC) markers(CD40,CD80 and CD86) and major histocomability complex(MHC) on B cell surface after transfection were deteced.CTL were obtained by stimulating T lymphocytes with transfected B lymphocytes.Hepal-6 was cell-targeted and examined as index of CTL killing activity.The IFN-r secretion of stimulated CTL was quantified.Results T cell proliferation in experimental group had a higher degree than that in RNA control group(P

Objective To explore the efficacy of low dosage of olanzapine combined with fluoxetine in the treatment of depression.Methods A 8-week study was conducted in 130 patients met the diagnostic criteria for de- pression.Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups:fluoxetine(20mg/d)alone and olanzapine(2.5～5 mg/d) plus fluoxetine(20mg/d).They were evaluated with Hamilton depression scale(HAMD).Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA)at baseline,the 1 week,2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks subsequently.Results(1)There were significant differences in the total scores and reduction rates of HAMD between two groups in every interview.(2)The combi- nation group had greater reduction in depressive and anxiety symptoms than that in fluoxetine group.(3)The re- sponse rate in combination group was higher than that of fluoxetine group in 1 week,2 weeks and 4 weeks.There were no significant differences in response and remission rate between combination group and fluoxetine group.Con- clusion The combination of olanzapine with fluoxetine demonstrated a rapid,effective antidepressant action.

Humans ; Polyomavirus ; classification ; Polyomavirus Infections ; virology

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB)in Hunan Province from 2013 to 2016,and provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of tuberculosis.Methods Information about TB patients in Hunan Province reported by China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention between January 2013 and December 2016 was analyzed retrospectively.Results From 2013 to 2016,the total drug resistance registration rate in Hunan Province was 5.53/million(1 496/270 330 000),multidrug registration rate was 5.40/million(1 459/270 330 000),drug resistance rate and multidrug resistance rate showed an upward trends(trend x2 =113.605,96.590,respectively,both P<0.001).Among MDR-TB patients,male were more than females(74.09%vs 25.91%),most were more than 25 years of age,especially 45～age group(27.07%);the proportion of patients with MDR-TB retreatment was higher than that of the initial treatment(69.91%vs 30.09%).From 2013 to 2016,distribution range of MDR registration rates in different regions were 4.07/million-7.23/million.Conclusion MDR-TB in Hunan Province in 2013-2016 is increasing year by year,and mainly concentrate on young people over 20 years old.There are more cases of male and retreatment;it is necessary to strengthen regular treatment and prevention of key population,enhance the ability to identify and diagnose MDR-TB patients,and reduce the spread of MDR-TB.

Objective To identify predictive factors of survival to in-hospital children with post-cardiorespiratory arrest.Methods Eighty-seven patients who had cardiorespiratory arrest(CRA)and received cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)were reviewed from January 2006 to December 2008.The clinical data was analyzed to identify predictive factors of survival by Pearson X~2 test and multivariate and unconditioned Logistic regression analysis.Results Forty-three of eighty-seven cases received return of spontaneous circulation,the initial sunvival rate was 48.3%,31(35.6%)cases survived for 24 hours,19(21.8%)cases survived to hospital discharge.Primary diseases and complications,the type of arrest,tracheal intubation or not,the duration of CPR,the dose of adrenaline,the body temperature post-resuscitation for 24 hours,the glucose post resuscitation for 6 hours and complications were obviously associated with both initial and long-term survival.Logistic regression analysis revealed that primary diseases and the duration of CPR were predictive factors of both survival for 24 hours and hospital discharge,additionally,the body temperature post-resuscitation for 24 hours were predictive factor of survival to hospital discharge.Conclusion Initial and long-term survival rate of in-hospital children with post-resuscitation was both low.Primary diseases and complications,good quality CPR and management of post-resuscitation affect survival,especially primary diseases and the duration of CPR may predict initial survival and primary diseases,the duration of CPR and the body temperature post-resuscitation for 24 hours may predict long-term survival.

Objective To investigate the application and administration of hyperbaric oxygen chambers in Beijing.Methods Forty-eight hospitals with hyperbaric oxygen chambers in Beijing were investigated by field investigation,letter investigation or telephone investigation.The investigation includes grades of hospital,personnel,equipment,therapy of severe cases,time of therapy and treatment plans in questionnaire.Results Hyperbaric oxygen was popular in Beijing,which ensured emergency treatments.But the scale was little relatively and the number of full-time technicians was less,besides,the therapeutic system and plans were diversified,which should be standardized.Conclusions Something must be done to improve the conditions of hyperbaric oxygen medicine in Beijing,such as cultivating personnel,standardizing therapeutic system,standardizing treatment plans,realizing computer control and so on.

Objective To determine the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in the hippocampus of rats with Alzheimer's disease(AD), and to determine the effect of butylphthalide on them and its significance. Methods Sixty male adult rats were randomly divided into a model group, a Butylphthalide group, and a control group. AD models were established by injecting β-amyloid protein 1-42 into the hippocampus of rats. Sixty days later,the rats were sacrificed and both sides of the hippocampus were sectioned for immunohistochemistry. Results Positive cells of GFAP in the hippocampus of the model group increased and the expression of VEGF decreased statistically, compared with the control group(P<0.01). The positive cells of GFAP in the hippocampus of the butylphthalide group decreased and the expression of VEGF increased significantly, compared with the model group(P<0.05). Conclusion Butylphthalide may protect the neuron-vascular unit of the hippocampus of Alzheimer model rats by inhibiting the expression of GFAP and increasing the expression of VEGF.

Objective To investigate the in vitro susceptibility of 16 strains of Exophiala dermatitidis to 6 commonly used antifungal agents. Methods The Glinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)M27-A2 protocol was carried out to determine the MIGs of terbinafine (TRB), itraconazole (ITC), amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VRC), and caspofungin (GAS) to 16 strains of E. dermatitidis, and E-test was performed to determine those of VRG, ITC and AMB. Besides, the minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFGs) of the above antifungal agents to the 16 strains of E. dermatitidis were further assessed.The activity of TRB in combination with ITC and VRG against E. dermatitidis was also estimated. Results The MIC ranges of TRB, VRC, ITC, AMB, FLC, and CAS were 0.125 - 0.25 mg/L, 0.25 - 0.5 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L,2.0 mg/L, 16 - 32 mg/L and 16 - 64 mg/L respectively as shown by M27-A2 microdilution assay, while the MIC ranges of VRG, ITG and AMB, as determined by E-test, were 0.032 - 0.094 mg/L, 0.047 - 0.5 mg/L and 0.125 - 3.0 mg/L, respectively. The MFC ranges of TRB, VRC, ITG, AMB and FLG were 0.125 - 0.5 mg/L,0.25 - 0.5 mg/L, 2.0 - 4.0 mg/L, 2.0 - 4.0 mg/L and 16 - 64 mg/L, respectively. No synergism in the acitivity against E. dermatitidis was observed for the combination of TBR with ITC or VRC. Conclusion E. dermatitidis is susceptible to TRB, ITC, AMB, and VRC, but less sensitive to both FLC and GAS.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in children.Methods ASA Ⅰ and Ⅱ children (aged 1 to 6 years) scheduled for orthopedic surgery of limbs were recruited in this study.ALMA was inserted after induction of general anesthesia.After mechanical ventilation for 5 minutes,the air-filled cuff was deflated and then inflated with saline.Ultrasonography was then performed by a high frequency linear-array transducer to confirm the correct placement of the LMA.Results The LMA can be easily recognized on the transverse view of the thyroid cartilage notch,appearing as a circle around the glottis,which was called the dumbbell sign.On the sagittal view of the thyroid cartilage,the LMA has an archlike appearance which ended below the thyroid cartilage.Oblique scan over the cricoid cartilage shows the tip of LMA is located at the upper portion of the esophagus.Conclusions Filling the LMA cuff with saline instead of air allows better LMA visualization by ultrasound.This method enhances correct positioning of the LMA,which is crucial to ensure safe ventilation.