Objective To analyze retrospectively the risk factors and predictors of post-encephalitic epilepsy (PEE) and refractory epilepsy in patients with encephalitis.Methods In a hospital based study,the patients with encephalitis were reviewed retrospectively between the January of 1995 and December of 2010.Related factors were evaluated including age,sex,seizure types,neuroimaging,electroencephalogram(EEG) in intermittent period,clinical symptoms,consciousness level,initial seizure and steroid hormone therapy,etc.Results 237 patients with encephalitis were enrolled,whose median age was 26.3 (range 15-57) years old.PEE occurred in 103 (43.46％) patients; and 67 of whom had partial seizure.Significant risk factors for PEE included age (OR =3.72,95％ CI 2.70-5.25,P =0.018),disturbance of consciousness level(OR =5.37,95％ CI 2.43-13.03,P =0.012),cortical lesion in imaging (OR =11.42,95％ CI 5.94-31.27,P =0.000),spike discharges in EEG (OR =18.04,95％ CI 7.30-48.38,P =0.000) and initial seizures in acute phase (OR =32.68,95％ CI 9.62-97.59,P =0.000).The refractory epilepsy occurred in 6t patients.The significant risk factors of refractory PEE included focal seizures(OR =4.09,95％ CI 2.14-9.10,P =0.021),status epilepticus (OR =4.48,95％ CI 1.89-8.07,P =0.017) and poor controlled seizure (OR =6.17,95％ CI 3.52-11.34,P =0.001) during acute phase,multifocal spikes discharge in EEG(OR =5.53,95％ CI 2.91-10.07,P =0.006),cortical lesion in neuroimaging(OR =2.33,95％ CI 1.37-7.72,P =O.028),however,early steroid hormone therapy (OR =2.19,95％ CI 1.11-4.87,P =0.037) and longer time to initial seizure (OR =4.40,95％ CI 3.19-11.62,P =0.014) could significantly reduced the incidence of refractory epilepsy in PEE patients.Conclusion Our data indicated that PEE occur in 43.46％ patients especially in younger patients with disturbance of consciousness level,cortical lesion in imaging,spike discharges in EEG and initial seizures in acute phase.And the risk factors for refractory PEE are also discussed.

A new and efficient reaction system has been set up, in which the MseⅠ primers were fluorescent labeled for auto-sequencer. PCR reagents and primers and adapters of MseⅠ and EcoRⅠ, which were synthesized, the AFLP protocol has been modified, and reaction and electrophoresis conditions were optimized, the results obtained can be comparable to that of AFLP fluorescent labeled AFLP kits with less cost.

AIM:ToinvestigatetheroleofSH2-domain-containingprotein-tyrosinephosphatase-1(SHP-1) lentivirus in atherosclerotic mice .METHODS:ApoE knock-out mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups:control group , GFP transfection group and SHP-1 transfection group .All mice were placed with carotid collars on the right common carotid arteries near its bifurcation , following feeding with high-fat diet for 8 weeks and then transfected with GFP blank vector or SHP-1 lentivirus ( SHP-1-LV) .The fluorescence density of the plaques , body weight , the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were determined at 1st, 2nd, and 6th week after lentivirus transfection.Furthermore, the mRNA and protein expression of SHP-1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), matrix metalloproteinase ( MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were analyzed by real-time PCR and Western blot .Additionally , pathological analysis of the plaques was also performed by HE and oil red O staining .RESULTS:The fluorescence of the plaques was observed at 1st, 2nd, and 6th week after lentivirus transfection , with a highest density at 2nd week.The body weight and the levels of TC and TG in the mice were not influenced by lentivirus transfection .Moreover, SHP-1-LV transfection significantly upregulated the expression of SHP-1 at mRNA and protein levels, but inhibited the expression of IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-2 and MMP-9.In addition, SHP-1-LV transfection also decreased the plaque size ratio and lipid content in right common carotid arteries . CONCLUSION:SHP-1 overexpression accelerates the regression of atherosclerotic plaque , thus emerging SHP-1 as a tar-get for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis .

This paper introduces a type of anaesthesia workstation which is composed of two vertical medical chests, i.e. the upper and lower parts. Taken out of the chest, the two parts are butted against and locked to make the workstation ready for operation. After operation is finished, the two parts are uncoupled and put into the chests, and then the workstation can be stored and transported with the chests closed.

Objective To investigate the clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) features of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy in adults with phantom absences.Methods Six patients were referred to the clinic of epilepsy from April,2007 to December,2011.They all had clinical assessment,EEG,or video EEG confirming absences seizure.Results Six patients showed the following similar clinical-EEG features:(1) mild ictal impairment of consciousness associated with generalized 3.0-3.5 Hz spike and slow wave discharges; (2) late-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizures; (3) absence status epilepticus with or without secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures; (4) generalized discharges were mostly seen in three types in the awaking stage:fragmented discharge (＜4 s),brief discharge (4-10s) and long-time discharge (＞ 10 s).None of the patients had myoclonic jerks or photosensitivity.One patient' s mother had a history of generalized tonic clonic seizures.One patient had a history of children absence epilepsy and one patient had a history of febrile convulsion in the age of 1-3.Conclusion Idiopathic generalized epilepsy with phantom absences has distinct clinical and EEG features and may become a new idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome in adults.

Objective To explore the in-vivo hemodynamic and hemolysis effect of a newly designed axial continuousflow ventricular assist device(VAD) in swine.Methods Under general anesthesia,each of 5 swine [weight (40.0 ± 5.2)kg] was implanted with the axial continuous-flow VAD into the apex of left heart ventricle,and the outflow graft was anastomosised to descending aorta.Results All of the axial continuous-flow VAD were implanted successfully with post-operative survival rate 100％.All 5 animals survived over one week.There was a positive correlation between pump speed and assistance effect.The mean left ventricular systolic pressure was (131.6 ± 28.0) mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).While the axial continuous-flow VAD was working,left ventricular end diastolic pressure decreased,along with mean intraventricular pressure declined.Peripheral hemodynamics was stable and peripheral blood pressure was not remarkably different from the pressure preoperation.Daily urine volume was in normal range within 1 week post operation.Free hemoglobin in plasma was slightly elevated on the surgery day,and gradually dropped to normal level within 1 week.International Normalized Ratio(INR) was maintained between 2.0-2.5 with oral adminiatration of warfarin of 3 mg/day.There was no thrombosis existing in VAD at autopsy.Conclusion The application of the axial pump with hydrodynamic-magnetically levitated impeller in animal experiment can provide stable hemodynamics,advanced heart unloaded effect,favorable peripheral perfusion,and blood compatibility is satisfactory.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between placental expression of Gab1 and neonatal birth weight in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods From the singleton and full-term cesarean delivered women in Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University between October 2014 and May 2015,30 macrosomia babies with maternal GDM were selected as GDM macrosomia group,30 cases of GDM with normal neonatal birth weight as GDM normal group,30 cases without GDM but with macrosomia as normal macrosomia group,and 30 cases without GDM and with normal neonatal birth weight as the normal control group.Gab1 protein and mRNA expression in placentas were detected using immunohistochemistry,Western blot and real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction.Analysis of variance,LSD,Dunnett's T3,Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results (1) Gab 1 protein location and positive expression rate:Gab 1 protein expression in human placenta tissue was located in the nucleus.The positive epression rate of Gab 1 protein in the GDM macrosomia group was higher than in the GDM normal group and normal macrosomia group [93％(28/30),73％(22/30) vs 73％(22/30)] and those in the normal macrosomia group and GDM normal group were higher than in the normal control group[47％(14/30)](x2=4.320,4.320,4.444 and 4.444,all P＜0.05).(2) The expression levels of Gabl protein and mRNA:The expression level of Gab1 protein in the GDM macrosomia group was higher than in the GDM normal group and normal macrosomia group (1.43 ± 0.58 vs 1.05 ± 0.67 and 0.95± 0.59),and that in the normal macrosomia group and GDM normal group were higher than in the normal control group (0.64±0.38) (LSD test,all P＜0.05).The expression levels of Gab1 mRNA showed the same trend as the expression levels of Gab1 protein in the four groups.(3) Gab 1 protein expression level was positively associated with neonatal birth weight (r=0.320,P=0.320).Conclusions The expression of Gab1 in placenta is involved in the regulation of birth weight in GDM mothers.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Bushen Huoxue Compound (BHC) on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF mRNA in retinal Muller cells under high glucose condition or advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) condition by using serum pharmacological method.

METHODSThe retinal Müller cells of 5-7 days post-natal Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were cultured with modified enzyme-digestion method. Purified retinal Muller cells were cultured in normal conditions, high glucose condition (50 mmol/L) or AGEs (50 mg/L and 100 mg/L) conditions, and BHC-containing serum was added to culture medium. The LDH leakage and VEGF expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, the relative expression of VEGF mRNA was tested by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA were significantly increased in the high glucose group, the low dose AGEs group and the high dose AGEs group (all P < 0.01). The LDH leakage was obviously increased in the high dose AGEs group, when compared with the normal control group and the high glucose group (P < 0.01). The LDH leakage, expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA were obviously decreased by BHC-containing serum both in high glucose and AGEs conditions (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). BHC-containing serum had no significant effect on the LDH leakage and expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in normal conditions (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAGEs intervention could obviously lower the stability of Müller cell membrane. Up-regulated expressions of VEGF and VEGF mRNA in cultured Müller cells could be induced by AGEs or high glucose. BHC-containing serum could stabilize the stability of Müller cell membrane, inhibit the transcription of VEGF mRNA and decrease the protein expression of VEGF, which might be one of important mechanisms for preventing and treating diabetic retinopathy.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Ependymoglial Cells ; Glucose ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Camptothecin ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; DNA Damage ; Humans ; Topoisomerase I Inhibitors ; Topotecan ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; drug effects

Background and purpose: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is uncommon, and frequently diagnosed at late stage. Chemotherapy is the main treatment method for advanced SBA. Despite recent progress in SBA therapy, no standard regimen has been established up to now, and new active regimen is expected to improve the outcome of this disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efifcacy and safety of S-1/oxaliplatin for the treatment of advanced SBA. Methods:In a retrospective study, clinical characteristics and outcomes of 29 patients with advanced SBA were collected and analyzed. Patients received oral S-1 40 mg/m2, twice daily, d1-14, oxaliplatin was administered intravenously 130 mg/m2 on the ifrst day of every cycle, repeated every 3 weeks. Efifcacy and toxicity were evaluated after at least two consecutive cycles. Results:All patients were evaluated for efifcacy and safety. The objective response and disease control rates were 37.9%and 65.5%, respectively. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 5.4 months (95%CI:3.6-7.2) and 13.2 months (95%CI:6.7-19.7), respectively. In univariate analysis, the following factors were signiifcantly associated with poor outcome:not ifrst line chemotherapy setting, ECOG performance status>1 and sites of metastasis>2 (Log-rank, P<0.05). The treatment related adverse events were mild and manageable. Myelosuppression, gastrointestinal reaction, fatigue, sensory neuropathy and rash were the most common toxicities. Conclusion:This study was the ifrst to report the efifcacy of S-1 combined with oxaliplatin for advanced SBA. S-1/oxaliplatin may be effective and safe for advanced SBA and worthy of further study.