The properties of biomedical intelligent polymer materials can be changed obviously when there is a little physical or chemical change in external condition. They are in the forms of solids, solutions and polymers on the surface of carrier, including aqueous solution of hydrophilic polymers, cross-linking hydrophilic polymers (i.e. hydrogels) and the polymers on the surface of carrier. In this paper are reviewed the progress in researches and the application of biomedical intelligent polymer materials.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Biotechnology ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry, Physical ; Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Surface Properties

Objective: To analyze the clinical data of 153 patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in chongqing ,and provide reference and thinking for the diagnosis and treatment. Methods: Analyze the clinical data, laboratory examination and chest imaging characteristics of 153 COVID-19 patients in Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from January 26 to February 5, 2020. According to the relevant diagnostic criteria ,patients were divided into non-severe group(n=132) and severe group(n=21),and analyze the correlation between serum index changes and disease severity. Results: Combined with diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, the severity of the disease was statistically significant (χ²=11.04和6.94, P<0.05). No symptoms were found in patients with mild illness (χ²=4.09, P<0.05) .The proportion of fever and muscle soreness in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group (χ²=4.40 and 22.67,P<0.05).Among the concomitant symptoms, the proportion of cough and shortness of breath in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group (χ²=8.46 and 4.80,P<0.05).C-reactive protein and d-dimer were higher in the severe group than in the non-severe group (t=43.44 and 37.13, P<0.05), and the number of CD₃⁺T lymphocyte cells, CD₄⁺T lymphocyte cells and CD₈⁺T lymphocyte cells in the severe group was lower than that in the non-severe group (Z=27.25, 20.60 and 17.36, P<0.05).Compared with the non-severe group, both lungs and the right lung lower lobe were more susceptible to involved (χ²=6.95和20.39, P<0.05) . Conclusion Severity of COVID-19 was associated with underlying disease, symptoms, site of involvement, C-reactive protein, d-dimer, CD₃⁺T lymphocyte count, CD₄⁺T lymphocyte count, and CD₈⁺T lymphocyte count. 

The mechanics of a new shape memory alloy cervical hook for atlantoaxial instability was analyzed with finite element method on the basis of a three-dimensional model reconstructed from the images of CT scanning of an adult cadaveric upper cervical at 1-mm interval. The stress and displacement of every nodule and element in the course of deformation of the internal fixation were tested, and the results showed that the cervical hook was strong enough against tensile stress, which concentrates in the middle of the device. The pull was 237.58 N at the loading point. With such mechanical performance, this cervical hook can be reliable for correction of atlantoaxial instability.
Adult ; Alloys ; Atlanto-Axial Joint ; Cadaver ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Male ; Memory ; Orthopedic Fixation Devices ; standards ; Orthopedic Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Radiography ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tensile Strength

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC) is a mixed tumor containing elements of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CC).Its remarkable histological heterogeneity has been linked to putative hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) origin.However,detailed histological or phenotypic description is rarely documented.In the present study,we reassessed 68 cases previously diagnosed as hepatitis B-related CHCs by immunohistochemistry and double-fluorescence immunostaining,focusing on HPC associated phenotypic observation of intermediate area of the tumor.It was found that tumor cells showed remarkable heterogeneity in intermediate area.Tumor cells with intermediate morphology between hepatocytes and cholangiocytes were oval-shaped and small with scant cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei,arranging in solid nests mostly.By Keratin 7 (K7) staining,it appeared that the nests of tumor cells represented a maturation process from the undifferentiated small cells to mature hepatocytes through the "transitional" cells.Then,these small cells were further confirmed with intermediate phenotype as HPC by exploring immature hepatocellular marker and HPC/biliary markers co-localization.In conclusion,the HPC associated trait in CHC can be interpreted by HPC origin or gain of"stemness" by dedifferentiation.It is still too soon to give a final word that it is innate or acquired signature of HPC associated trait in CHC.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features of patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing Municipality.Methods:The clinical data, laboratory tests and chest imaging findings of 153 patients COVID-19 admitted in Chongqing Public Health Medical Center from January 26 to February 5, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the relevant diagnostic criteria, patients were divided into non-severe group (n=132) and severe group (n=21). The correlation between serum index changes and disease severity was analyzed.Results:The proportion of patients with underlying diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases in severe group was significantly higher than that in non-severe group ( χ2=11.04 and 6.94, P<0.05). The proportion of symptom-free patients in non-severe group was significantly higher than that in severe group ( χ2=4.09, P<0.05). The symptoms of fever, fatigue and muscle soreness in the severe group were more common than those in the non-severe group ( χ2=4.40, 14.42 and 22.67, P<0.05). Among the concomitant symptoms, the proportion of cough and shortness of breath in the severe group was higher than that in the non-severe group ( χ2=8.46 and 4.80, P<0.05). C-reactive protein and D-Dimer levels were higher in the severe group than those in the non-severe group ( Z=-4.39 and -1.96, P<0.05), and the number of CD3 + T lymphocyte cells, CD4 + T lymphocyte cells and CD8 + T lymphocyte cells in the severe group was lower than that in the non-severe group ( Z=27.25, 20.60 and 17.36, P<0.05). Compared with the non-severe group, both lungs and the right lung lower lobe were more susceptible to be involved( χ2=9.71和23.61, P<0.05). Conclusions:There are significant differences in underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, imaging manifestations and laboratory findings between severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19.

Acute Kidney Injury ; physiopathology ; Adolescent ; Cardiomyopathies ; pathology ; Crush Syndrome ; physiopathology ; Earthquakes ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical therapeutic results of allograft tendon for anatomical reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) for the treatment of patellar dislocations.

METHODSFrom September 2008 to June 2013, 16 patients with patellar dislocation underwent MPFL reconstructions. There were 2 males and 14 females, aged 11 to 27 years old (16 years old on average). Patellar dislocations occurred in 11 left and 5 right knees. The disease course ranged from 3 to 10 years. The frequency of dislocation ranged from 9 to 33 times (19 times on average). Affected knee joints showed patellar instability; the range of action for patella obviously increased. The X-ray films showed patellar dislocation. The preoperative Q angle was (36 ± 9)°, and the congruence angle was (63 ± 18)°. Reconstruction was performed via allograft tendon. Allograft tendon was fixed through the superomedial pole of the patella, and the other end was fixed at the natural MPFL insertion site near the medial femoral condyle with an interference screw in a bone tunnel. All the patients were evaluated postoperatively; Kujala patellofemoral scores, objective knee function, complications, and reoperations were assessed.

RESULTSPrimary healing was achieved in all cases. No infection or necrosis and absorption of grafts was observed. All the patients were followed up for an average of 16.4 months (ranged, 10 to 24 months) postoperatively. At the latest follow-up, all the patients had no pain, swelling and patellar instability; neither patella redislocation nor fracture occurred. The X-ray films showed good position of tunnel 6 months after operation, and the congruence angle was (5 ± 9)°, showing statistically significant difference when compared with preoperation (P < 0.05). The postoperative Q angle was (17 ± 8)°, the Kujala knee function score improved significantly from 45.20 ± 9.20 to 89.30 ± 6.40 at the latest follow-up, showing statistically significant difference (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMPFL reconstruction improves clinical symptoms. Anatomical MPFL reconstruction is effective for patellar dislocation, and it offers good recovery of the premorbid patella mechanics. The interference screw provides firm fixation. Allograft can avoid the graft harvest site morbidity, but it increases the cost of the surgery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Allografts ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Ligaments, Articular ; surgery ; Male ; Patellar Dislocation ; surgery ; Patellofemoral Joint ; surgery ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Tendons ; transplantation

Objective To observe treadmill exercise test (TET) characteristics in patients with myocardial bridging(MB).Methods TET results from January 2003 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed in 156 patients with confirmed MB diagnosis.MB patients were divided into smoking group (68 cases) and non-smoking group(88 cases).Coronary angiography results were used to analyze the relations between MB length,myocardial ischemia and exercising duration.Results ( 1 ) MB was documented on two coronary arteries in 2 patients ( 1％ ),MB was detected in single artery in 154 patients (99％),of whom 146 cases were located at left anterior descending artery,8 cases were located at right coronary artery.The degree of narrowing of MB was graded 1 ( less than 50％ ) in 16 patients ( 10％ ),grade 2 (50％ to 75％ ) in 108 patients (69％) and grade 3 (greater than 75％ ) in 32 patients (21％).The length of MB ranged between 4 to 40 mm,MB length was less than 10 mm in 40 patients( 26％ ),between 11 to 20 mm in 48 patients(31％ ),between 21 to 30 mm in 44 patients(28％ ),greater than 31 mm in 24 patients( 15％ ).(2) TET positive rate was 41％ (64/156) and the TET positive rate was significantly higher in smoking group than in non-smoking group [ 57％ (39/68) vs.28％ (25/88,P ＜ 0.01 ) ].(3) The length of MB was positively related to the ST-segment depression (r =0.723,P ＜ 0.01 )and negatively related to exercising duration ( r =- 0.828,P ＜ 0.01 ).Heart rate was positively related to the ST-segment depression ( r =0.368,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions TET may serve as a good test to assess myocardial ischemia in patients with MB.The length of MB is positively related with myocardial ischemia and negatively related with exercising duration.Smoking might increase myocardial ischemic incidence in MB patients,MB patients should be advised to stop smoking.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the immunophenotyping characteristics of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients in groups of different ages. Immunophenotyping was performed in 260 ALL patients by flow cytometry using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and CD45/SSC gating. The results indicated that (1) all the 82 cases of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) expressed CD7 (100%) while the positive rate of CD2 remarkably decreased with aging. The positive rate of CD2 in patients aged 14 to 18 years (adolescents) was 91.67%, which is significantly higher than that in cases aged 19 to 35 years (young adults) and > 35 years (older adults) (65.71% and 43.48% respectively, p < 0.05); the positive rate of CD34 and HLA-DR increased with aging, there was significant difference of the HLA-DR expression between the older adults group (39.13%) and the other two groups (4.17% in adolescents and 11.43% in young adults respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences of the myeloid antigen (MyAg) and CD13 expression between the older adults and younger adults (p < 0.05). (2) As to adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the positive rates of CD19 and HLA-DR in 178 cases were 100%; the positive rate of CD33 in young adults was significant higher than that in adolescents (p < 0.05), the differences of the other marker expressions failed to reach statistical significance in adult B-ALL patients. It is concluded that the immunophenotypes of adult T-ALL are evidently heterogeneous in different ages, and expression with more aberrant phenotypes indicates poor prognostic significance in patients older than 35 years. There is no significant association of immunophenotypes with ages among different age groups of adult B-ALL.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Antigens, CD ; immunology ; Antigens, CD19 ; immunology ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; immunology ; CD13 Antigens ; immunology ; CD2 Antigens ; immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; immunology ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3 ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESTo explore the significance of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) in the development of human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

METHODSPTEN protein expression in cancerous liver tissues and paired para-carcinoma liver tissues from 60 HCC patients was detected by immunohistochemistry and PTEN mRNA expression was analyzed by northern blot. The significance of PTEN in the development of HCC was analyzed by investigating the relationship between the expression levels of PTEN protein and mRNA, and the clinicopathological parameters of HCC patients.

RESULTSPTEN protein was immunohistochemically stained in the cytoplasmic region of para-carcinoma liver tissues in all the 60 patients, while only 48.3% (29/60) of the patients were positive for PTEN protein in cancerous liver tissues. The positive rate of PTEN protein in HCC tissues were relative to the histological gading and the presence of tumor thrombus. In grade I - II, III, and IV, the positive rates were 84.0%, 23.8%, and 21.4% respectively, and in the group with tumor thrombus was 26.7%, while in the group without tumor thrombus was 55.6%. Northern blot showed that there existed four PTEN mRNA transcripts with the length of 5.5kb, 4.4kb, 2.4kb, and 1.8kb respectively. The level of PTEN mRNA expression in HCC tissues was much lower than that in the paired para-carcinoma liver tissues. The low expression level of the 5.5kb and 4.4kb transcripts was significantly associated with serum AFP value, presence of tumor thrombus, state of satellite lesion and histological grading. The low expression level of the 2.4kb transcript in HCC was significantly associated with the presence of tumor thrombus and satellite lesions in HCC patients. However, no evident relationship between the lowered expression level of the 1.8kb transcript and the clinicopathological parameters of HCC was observed in these 60 patients.

CONCLUSIONSDown-regulation of PTEN expression may play an important role in the development of HCC and the expression level of PTEN may be a potential adjuvant parameter in forecasting the progress and prognosis of HCC.

Adult ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; PTEN Phosphohydrolase ; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Neoplasm ; biosynthesis ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics