ObjectiveTo screen the variations of the human protein kinase Cγ gene (PRKCG) and study their association with Parkinson's disease(PD).MethodsDNA was extracted from blood of patients with PD and matched normal controls. All 18 exons including the exon-intron junctions were amplified in 17 different PCR fragments, which were analyzed for the presence of variations by DHPLC. The PCR products with a heteroduplex peak were sequenced. Significance was evaluated from 2×2 contingency tables byX2 test on the basis of the total number of alleles at each locus. Case-control association analysis was performed between candidate polymorphisms and PD. ResultsIn the 50 early-onset PD(EOPD) patients and 50 controls, there was no missense mutation, insertions or deletions in coding regions of the PRKCG. But 2 different single nucleotide polymorphism(SNPs) in exons, 5 different SNPs and 1 tetranucleotide repeat in introns were identified. Five of them [IVS3+96G>T, IVS11+26T>G, IVS15-41T>C, IVS16-59G>A, IVS16-42(TCTG)1-2] were described here for the first time. Three of them (IVS11+26T>G, IVS13+76T>C,1497T>C),in complete linkage,constituted a haplotype block. In the preliminary association analysis, the frequency of IVS13+76C, IVS11+26G and 1497C allele on this haplotype block was significantly higher in EOPD patients than the controls (24% vs 9%)(X2=8.165,P=0.004,OR=3.193, 95%CI:1.400-7.282). But in a larger sample of 156 EOPD patients, 153 late-onset PD(LOPD) patients and 195 normal controls, there was no significant difference between the three groups (12.8%,13.7% ,14.6%)(X2=0.471,P=0.790). ConclusionThe PRKCG gene might not be a risk factor for sporadic PD.

Central Nervous System ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Leigh Disease ; pathology ; physiopathology

Objective To analyze the condition and characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease ( HFMD) from 2010 to 2012 in Renqiu city.Methods Surveillance and detecetion of HFMD was collected according to Renqiu city system for diseases control and prevention .The pathogen of HFMD severe case was deteceted .Results 12 293 cases including 735 severe cases were recorded in Renqiu city from 2010 to 2012,The highest of the resident population was in 2012 and the lowest one was in 2010(r=0.47,P<0.05).The total morbidity presented the obvious seasonal char-acteristic,which reached the summit in June ,July,August.The population morbidity was the clustered children .The average incidence rate of severe cases was 5.98%.The incidence rate in 2012 and 2011 was higher than that in 2010 (r=0.43,0.39,all P<0.05).There was significant difference of the pathogens types in severe cases among three years with the pathogen of CoxA 16 in 2010,2011 and humantero virus 71 viruses in 2012.Conclusion The inci-dence of HFMD presents the increasing and seasonal characteristics with the prevalence in the scattered children and the pathogens of CoxA16 in 2010,2011,humantero virus 71 in 2012.

OBJECTIVETo describe the epidemiologic features of an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in urban and suburb areas in Beijing and to explore their differences between these two areas.

METHODSData of SARS cases were collected from daily notification of China Ministry of Health and a database of infectious diseases was established by the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Prevention and Control (BCDC). All the data were put into dataset files by Microsoft Excel-2000 and analyzed with SPSS version 10.0 software.

RESULTSThe respective urban incidence and mortality rate were 29.06 and 2.21 per 100,000, while the case fatality rate was 7.62%. In contrast, the respective suburb incidence and mortality rate were 10.61 and 0.78 per 100,000, and the case fatality rate was 7.32%. No significant differences were found in demographic characteristics between the urban and suburb areas.

CONCLUSIONBeijing urban area suffered a more serious SARS epidemic than the suburb area in 2003.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Female ; Health Occupations ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Suburban Population ; Urban Population

BACKGROUNDRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has become one of the leading causes of visual loss in children. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is the principal stimulator of angiogenesis. VEGF was differentially spliced from exon 8 to exons 8a and 8b to form two families: the pro-angiogenic VEGFxxx family and the anti-angiogenic VEGFxxxb family. Previous research has shown variable effeteness of bevacizumab in inhibiting retinal neovascularization in ROP. This study aimed to investigate whether the effectiveness of this inhibition depends on the relative ratio of the two VEGF isoforms.

METHODSIntravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) was performed in the oxygen-induced-retinopathy (OIR) mice on postnatal day 12 (P12) (intravitreal phosphate buffered saline (PBS) injection as control). The Evans blue perfused retina were used to test the retinal neovascularization-leakage (NVL) area and non-perfusion (NP) area.

RESULTSThe retinal NVL and NP area in the IVB group were significantly smaller than the intravitreal PBS injection group (IVP group). On P17, the protein level of total VEGF isoforms was significantly inhibited compared to IVP group (P < 0.05) while VEGF(165)b isoform was slight reduced (P > 0.05). The switch from pro-angiogenic isoforms to anti-angiogenic isoforms after IVB could be found. The relative protein expression of VEGF(165)b isoform was significantly higher in IVB group than in IVP group (P < 0.05) on P17 which was correlated with the reduced ischemia-induced angiogenesis in OIR mice after IVB.

CONCLUSIONSThe anti-angiogenic effectiveness might depend on the relative high expression of VEGF(165)b after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Anti-angiogenic therapy is a more effective therapy for ROP.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; administration & dosage ; Bevacizumab ; Disease Models, Animal ; Intravitreal Injections ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Protein Isoforms ; analysis ; Retinal Neovascularization ; prevention & control ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; drug therapy ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cell-killing effect of adenovirus-mediated TK-ganciclovir (GCV) gene therapy in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) against murine bladder carcinoma cells in vitro.

METHODSMurine bladder carcinoma MB49 cells were transfected with the adenoviral vector containing TK gene and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The transfection efficiency was observed and the TK gene expression in the transfected cells was detected by RT-PCR. The survival rate of MB49 cells in response to TNF-alpha treatment and that of the TK gene-transfected cells after treatment with GCV and GCV+TNF-alpha were determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis of the cells after the treatments was analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSIn cells transfected with TK gene, the cell inhibition rate increased gradually with the increment of GCV and TNF-alpha concentration. GCV in combination with TNF-alpha resulted in significantly increased killing efficiency of the cells as compared with GCV or TNF-alpha treatment alone, and the effect of the combined treatment was enhanced as the TNF-alpha concentration increased. GCV treatment (50 microg/ml) alone produced a cell killing rate of (24.39-/+1.10)%, and when combined with 5 microg/ml TNF-alpha, the rate was increased to (40.05-/+0.97) %, and further to (65.47-/+0.67) % when TNF-alpha concentration increased to 20 microg/ml. Flow cytometry revealed obvious apoptosis of the cells 8 h after treatments with TK/GCV, TNF-alpha, or TK/GCV+TNF-alpha, and the combined treatment resulted in the highest cell apoptotic rate.

CONCLUSIONTK/GCV in combination with TNF-alpha can enhance the effect of suicide gene therapy against murine bladder carcinoma cells and effectively induce apoptosis of the cells.

Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Ganciclovir ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Green Fluorescent Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Thymidine Kinase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the CYP19A1 rs7176005 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with breast cancer risk and with clinicopathologic features of tumors. Methods: This study was conducted by including 138 patients with breast cancer (cancer group), those who diagnosed as primary breast cancer after operation by pathology. There were 293 cases in the group of benign breast disease which was presented as a solid mass by the color ultrasound and pathologically diagnosed as "fibroadenoma or adenosis" (benign breast disease group), the cases were paired with breast cancer patients by age±5 in the same period, and there were 259 cases in the group of healthy control who received routine physical examination during the same period and were paired with breast cancer patients by age±5 without any detection of breast related diseases (healthy control group) at West China hospital between September 2012 and November 2016. The CYP19A1 rs7176005 SNP was detected by a direct sequencing method. Hardy-Weinberg test was used to analyze the genetic balance of the 3 groups. Chi square test was used to compare the distribution of rs7176005 genotypes between the 3 groups, and the differences of clinicopathological features in breast cancer patients carrying different genotypes. Results: The ages of the breast cancer cases, the benign breast disease group and the healthy control group were (44.69±8.09), (42.33±11.44) and (41.92±9.61) years old, respectively. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test identified that the composition ratios of alleles C and T in breast cancer group, benign breast disease group and healthy group were not statistically significant (χ² values were 0.83, 0.34 and 0.04, respectively, P values were 0.363, 0.561, and 0.852, respectively). All the three groups met the genetic balance, had consistency and could represent the population. Among the 138 cases of breast cancer, the CYP19A1 rs7176005 SNP was significantly associated with the diameter of the tumor (P=0.031). The majority of tumor size was <2 cm in patients who carrying TT and CT genotypes, and the proportion was 75% (12/16) and 58% (40/69), respectively. While those patients with TT genotype were mainly >2 cm and ≤5 cm, and the proportion was 51% (27/53). The distribution of TNM stage among patients with different genotypes was also statistically significant (χ²=11.19, P=0.025). The most common stage was Ⅱ in Patients who carrying CC and CT genotypes, and the proportion was 45.3% (24/53) and 52.2% (36/69), respectively. While those patients with TT genotype was mainly in stage Ⅰ and the proportion was 56.3% (9/16). Conclusion Though the CYP19A1 rs7176005 SNP is not associated with breast cancer development, breast cancer patients with the C allele exhibit a high tumor growth rate and large diameters.

We analyzed the clinical and biochemical characteristics of Japanese encephalitis(JE),based on acute meningeal and encephalitis syndrome(AMES)surveillancein Baoji from 2013 to 2021.We established the AMES program in Baoji and de-veloped surveillance according to the case definition.JE virus IgM antibody tests were conducted.Positive cases were divided in-to a probable JE and non-probable JE group according to the initial diagnosis.Clinical manifestations and biochemical character-istics of cerebrospinal fluid were compared between groups.The difference in JE incidence in the Baoji area and Shaanxiprovince before and after the AMES program was compared.Among 2 636 AMES cases reported during 2013-2021,the positive rate of JE virus IgM antibody was 5.99％,of which 86 cases(54.43％)lacked an initial JE diagnosis.The proportion of patients with fever,perturbed consciousness,neck rigidity,or meningeal irritation was significantly higher in the group with than without an initial JE diagnosis(P＜0.05).Biochemical tests indicated that the differences in cerebrospinal fluid color,white blood cell count,and chloride and glucose levels in the two groups were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Cases of JE in Baoji from 2005 to 2012 accounted for 10.65％(134/1258)vs 16.58％(161/971).This study indicated that the AMES surveillance pro-gram increased the detection of JE and has aided in JE diagnosis.Thus,AMES surveillance should be enhanced.

To establish a determination method for the contents of ammonium glycyrrhetate,nardosinone,and curcumin in transdermal receptor liquid of Baimai Ointment,and investigate the percutaneous permeability of Baimai Ointment and the effects of two kinds of penetration enhancers on percutaneous absorption of three components. The contents of ammonium glycyrrhetate,nardosinone,and curcumin in transdermal receptor liquid were determined by high pressure liquid chromatography( HPLC). The vertical modified Franz diffusion cell was used to perform a transdermal experiment in vitro with the abdominal skin of mice( treated and untreated). The transdermal receptor liquid was preferably used to investigate the transdermal absorption rule of the Baimai Ointment and the effect of the penetration enhancer. The results showed that the comprehensive solubility of PEG-ET-NS( 3 ∶3 ∶4) was best among three types of receptor liquid PG-ET-NS( 3 ∶3 ∶4),PEG-ET-NS( 3 ∶3 ∶4),ET-NS( 3 ∶7). PEG-ET-NS was used as the receptor liquid for in vitro transdermal experiments. The cumulative permeation area of ammonium glycyrrhetate,nardosinone and curcumin within 24 h was 5. 73,18. 99,0. 38 μg·cm~(-2)respectively. Taking QEFand ER as comprehensive evaluation indicators of permeation performance,the comprehensive penetration-promoting performance of ammonium glycyrrhizinate: 3% PEG 400-ethanol-normal saline ≈ 1. 19 times( 3%azone) = 1. 94 times( blank); comprehensive penetration-promoting performance of nardosinone: 3% PEG 400-ethanol-normal saline≈1. 28 times( 3% azone) = 1. 37 times( blank); the comprehensive penetration performance of curcumin: 3% PEG 400-ethanol-normal saline≈1. 77 times( 3% azone) ≈3. 42 times( blank). The comprehensive penetration enhancement properties of the two penetration enhancers were as follows: 3% PEG 400-ethanol-normal saline>3%azone>blank. The transdermal absorption curve of ammonium glycyrrhetate,nardosinone and curcumin in Baimai Ointment were consistent with the zero-order equation,indicating that the transdermal absorption process was irrelevant to the concentration of three components,and its was a diffusion process. This experiment provides reference for the study of ointment transdermal preparations.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Mice ; Ointments ; pharmacokinetics ; Permeability ; Skin ; Skin Absorption

BACKGROUNDThe mortality of stroke patients is strongly affected by medical complications. However, there are limited data investigating the effect of in-hospital medical complications on the dependency of stroke patients worldwide. We prospectively and systematically investigated the effect of medical complications on dependency of patients at 3, 6 and 12 months after stroke using the China National Stroke Registry (CNSR).

METHODSThis prospective cohort study collected data of patients age > 18 years with acute ischemic stroke in 132 clinical centers distributed across 32 provinces and four municipalities (including Hong Kong region) of China, from September 2007 to August 2008. Data on medical complications, dependency and other information were obtained from paper-based registry forms. Medical complications associated with stroke outcomes were assessed using multivariable Logistic regression.

RESULTSOf 11 560 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 1826 (15.80%) presented with in-hospital medical complications. In-hospital medical complications were independent risk factors for dependency of patients at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.367, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.021 - 2.771), 6 months (adjusted OR 2.257, 95%CI 1.922 - 2.650), and 12 months (adjusted OR 1.820, 95%CI 1.538 - 2.154) after acute ischemic stroke.

CONCLUSIONThe results demonstrated that the short-term and long-term dependency of acute ischemic stroke patients is significantly associated with in-hospital medical complications in China.

Aged ; Brain Ischemia ; complications ; epidemiology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Registries ; statistics & numerical data ; Stroke ; complications ; epidemiology