The article reported that the lipid and EPA were extracted from Chlorella hirataii and analyzed by GC method. The content of the lipid could be influenced by the time and conditions of the culture. The results showed that the content of EPA in the lipid of Chlorella hirataii was about 28 per cent and was higher than the content of EPA in fish oil. Therefore, Chlorella hirataii was a valuable resource rich in EPA.

Objective To investigate whether insulin glargine can increase compliance and improve hyperglycemia or not in solitary senile patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods Thirty-two solitary senile patients with type 2 diabetes were given insulin glargine once daily besides the previous oral hypoglycaemic agents.Results FBG decreased(2.6? 1.5)mmol/L and(0.3?0.1)mmol/L in observing and control group respectively(t=1.691,P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of CT staging for esophageal cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of 304 patients treated,from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1998 chiefly with radiotherapy(126 conventional radiotherapy,55-65 Gy/27-35 fx/5.5-7.0 w;178 late-course accelerated hyperfractionated radiotherapy ,55-60 Gy/33-36 fx/ 4.5 -5.5 w)complete with CT data before treatment was done. The long survival was compared with pre-therapy CT findings and CT staging. ResultsThe survival rate of stage T1+T2 was very significantly different from those lesion with stage T3,T4(? 2=12.90,P0.05).The survival rates of patients positive for lymph nodes or distant metastasis were lower. Conclusion CT staging is quite optimal for non-operable esophageal cancer in clinical staging,as it is conducive to predict the prognosis.

Objective To sdudy the expression of p53 and nm23-H1 proteins and their clinical significance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods The expression of p53 and nm23-H1 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry method in 40 cases with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 22 cases with chronic inflammation of nasopharyngeal mucosa tissues.Results Positive rates of p53 and nm23-H1 in chronic nasopharyngitis group were 1.0 ％,27.2 ％,and in the NPC group were 92.5 ％,55.0 ％.There were 9 cases with the positive expression of p53 in 22 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues with the positive expression of nm23-H1 (40.9 ％).There were 17 cases with the positive expression of p53 in 18 cases with the negative expression of nm23-H1 (94.4 ％).The expression of p53 and nm23-H1 proteins in nasopharyngeal carcinoma were much higher than that in chronic inflammation of nasopharyngeal mucosa tissues.The expression of p53 protein in nasopharyngeal carcinoma with metastatic lymph node was higher than that in nasopharyngeal carcinoma without metastatic lymph node,but nm23-H1 protein lower.The expression of p53 protein was positively correlated with the metastasis,clinnical staging and pathological classification but not correlated with T classification of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The expression of nm23-H1 protein was negative correlation with the metastasis and clinical staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Conclusion p53 and nm23-H1 play important coordinated regulation roles in the carcinogenesis,development and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and will probably become the key biological marks in the judging and evaluating prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The neural stem cells (NSCs) will be clinically applied extensively in the future, and seeking of more promoting methods of the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs in vitro will be the study direction of NSCs.OBJECTIVE: To introduce an economic and time-saving method for NSCs proliferation.DESIGN: Observation and control experiment.SETTING: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute.MATERIALS: Four Wistar rats pregnant for 14 days with the body mass of (180±20) g (bought from Animal Department of Chinese Academyof Medical Sciences with the batch number of SCXK1100-0006 for experiment animals) were selected and fed at common temperature and humidity.The DMEM/F12 and B27 were bought from Gibco Corporation. The basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were bought from PeproTech Company. The nidogen monoclonal antibody (MA),glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) polyclonal antibody, galactocerebroside polyclonal antibody and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) were obtained from Chemicon Company. The fetal bovine serum (FCS) was provided by Hyclone company.METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Injury and Repair of Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from May to October 2004.Wistar rats were executed by dislocation and sterilized by putting into 75% alcohol. Four rats were used each time, the brain tissues of which were put into Hank's fluid. The cerebral pia mater and vessels were isolated under anatomical microscope, and the brain tissues were sheared off with eye scissors, which were filtered by 200 mesh copper grid and collected into 2 centrifuge tubes, and the supernatant was gotten rid off after that. ①Cells were divided into serum pre-culture group and control group according to whether there were serum pre-culture. The DMEM nutrient fluid of FCS (100 g/L) was added to serum pre-culture group, which was replaced by DMEM/F12 nutrient fluid of EGF, bFGF and B27 at 48 hours after culture. The cells in the control group were added with DMEM/F12 nutrient fluid of EGF, bFGF and B27 to culture in 5% CO2 incubator for one week at 37 ℃. The growth of NSCs at 48 hours after culture was observed in both groups under inverted contrast phase microscope.②On the 5th and 10th day after differentiation induced by 100 g/L FCS, nestin, GFAP, galactocerebroside and MAP2 were stained with immunofluorescence antibody,and the expressions of NSCs in both groups were observed under fluorescent microscope. The PBS buffer solution was used instead of first antibody in the control group, while other procedures were the same as above.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Observation of NSCs growth at 48 hours after culture under contrast phase microscope in both groups. ②Detection of NSC specific antigen expressions with immunofluorescence stain in both groups.RESULTS: ①In the cells of the serum pre-culture group at 48 hours after culture, there were large number of regular NSC bulbs, most of which were aggregated by 8-10 cells. The proliferation of cell bulbs was accelerated after the nutrient fluid was replaced to DMEM/F12 nutrient fluid of EGF,bFGF and B27, while irregular lamellar cells could be seen in the control group at 48 hours after culture, and small regular cell bulbs were found at 4-5 days later. ②It could be seen under fluorescence microscope that on the 5th day after induced differentiation, the nestin, GFAP and galactocerebroside were positive, while MAP2 was negative. On the 10th day after induced differentiation, nestin and GFAP were positive, whereas the galactocerebroside and MAP2 were negative (no representation).CONCLUSION: Serum pre-culture can accelerate the bulb-aggregation of NSCs as well as promote the proliferation of NSCs.

Objective To investigate the change in the expression of excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3) in the spinal cord neurons in a rat model of chronic morphine tolerance. Methods Forty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 9 each) : group I sham operation (group S); group II normal saline (group NS); group Ⅰ morphine (group M); group Ⅳ ketamine (group K) and groupV M + K. In group II - V a catheter was placed in the subarachnoid space at L_(3-5) interspace. The animals were observed for 3 days. The animals with motor or sensory paralysis of the hindlimbs were excluded. NS 40 μl,morphine 20 μg, ketamine 30μg,morphine 20μg + ketamine 30μg were injected via intrathecal catheter twice a day for 7 consecutive days. 50% paw withdrawal threshold and latency (PWT, PWL) of the hindpaw to radiant heat were measured before (T_0, baseline) , on day 1, 3, 5, 7 of (T_(1-4)) and 1 day after (T_5 ) IT drug administration. The rats were sacrificed after last pain threshold measurement. The expression of EAAT3 protein in the spinal cord was determined by Western blotting and immuno-histochemistry. Results The sensitivity of the hindpaw to noxious heat stimulation was significantly decreased during (T_(1,2)) and increased after IT administration (T_(4,5)) in group M and was significantly decreased during and after FT administration (T_(1-5)) in group M + K as compared with the baseline values at T_0 and group S and was significant lower in group M + K than in group M. The expression of EAAT3 protein in the spinal cord was significantly decreased in group M and M + K as compared with group S and was significantly lower in group M than in group M + K. Conclusion The down-regulation of the expression of EAAT3 in the spinal dorsal horn neurons is involved in the development of chronic morphine tolerance and the expression of EAAT3 is down-regulated by morphine partly through the activation of NMDA receptor.

Erythropoietin ; pharmacology ; Folic Acid ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Platelet Count ; Vitamin B 12 ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Background Histopathological examination is an important approach to the basic and clinical study in ophthalmology.Different fix methods of retinal samples produce a large impact.The first fixed way often is used at home,and the last fixed way is preferred abroad.The comparative study between the two ways is lack.Objective This study was to compare rat retinal frozen sections following 4 different fix methods and confirm a simpler and better way.Methods Forty eyeballs were extracted from 40 SD rats and were randomly divided into four groups using random number table,ten for each group.The eyeballs were firstly fixed in 4％ paraformaldehyde overnight,4％ paraformaldehyde for 2-3 hours,formalin-acetic acid-alcohol (FAA) mixture solution,and then OCT embedding was performed in 3 groups.However,the samples were fixed in cold acetone following first liquid nitrogen frozen,OCT embeded in the forth group.Retinal serial sections of 4 groups were examined and compared after hematoxylin and eosin staining under the optical microscope.Results Retinal tissue was loosened interlayerly,and clustering of cells in the inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were seen in the 4％ paraformaldehyde overnight fix group.The arrangement of interlayer and cells was improved in the 4％ paraformaldehyde for 2-3 hours group compared with 4％ paraformaldehyde overnight fix group.The retinal structure was closer among the layers in the FAA fixed group.In the later cold acetone fixed group,retinal morphology was more clear with the intact structure and regularly arranged cells in the ONL,INL and ganglion cell layer(GCL),as an living histology structure.Conclusions The first fix of retina produces a large impact on retinal morphology and structure.However,cold acetone fixation following first liquid nitrogen frozen is simpler,less time-consuming and more efficient way for the histopathological examination of retina.

In order to investigate the expression of CD40 in endothelial cells (ECs) in a variety of injured conditions and the interventional role of Andrographitis Paniculata isolate (API(0134)), the thoracic aorta ECs of guinea pigs were cultured in vitro until the third passage, incubated in the presence of media containing xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine (Xan) which produced oxygen free radical (OFR group); oxidized-LDL (ox-LDL group); XO, Xan and API(0134) (OFR+API(0134) group); or ox-LDL and API(0134) (ox-LDL+API(0134) group). The expression of CD40 in ECs was detected by immunofluorescence assay and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The results showed as compared with the control group, the expression of CD40 in ECs in OFR group and ox-LDL group was increased (P<0.01), but attenuated significantly in OFR+ API(0134) group and ox-LDL+API(0134) group (P<0.05). It was suggested that API(0134) could protect atherosclerosis by inhibiting the expression of CD40 molecule in injured ECs.

Objective To compare the characteristics and risk factors of prognosis between elder and young patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)in intensive care unit(ICU). Methods The data of 150 patients meeting ARDS Berlin guideline who admitted to ICU of Affiliated First Hospital of Dalian Medical University from August 2011 to November 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients over 65 years old were served as elderly group(n=78),and those younger than 65 years old were served as young group(n=72),and the patients were subdivided into survivors and non-survivors groups. The characteristics of patients at admission was recorded to investigate the characteristics of elder and young patients by univariate analysis. The univariate analysis was also conducted between different prognosis groups,and the risk factors of mortality were demonstrated by multivariate logistic analysis. Results Compared with the young group,the hospital length of stays〔days:27.0 (16.0,36.0)vs. 15.0(8.0,21.0),P=0.000〕,ICU length of days〔days:25.0(15.0,32.0)vs. 13.0(7.0,19.00), P=0.000〕,mechanical ventilation days〔days:19.0(11.0,27.0)vs. 8.0(5.0,15.0),P=0.000〕,the proportion of tracheotomy:〔39.74%(31/78)vs. 18.06%(13/17),P=0.003〕,the number of organ dysfunction(3.78±0.49 vs. 1.97±1.03,P=0.043)and creatinine(μmol/L:153.85±16.89 vs. 108.26±9.14,P=0.017)of elderly group were significantly increased. The mortality〔67.95%(53/78)vs. 59.72%(43/72),P=0.190〕and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ)score(17.94±6.04 vs. 15.99±6.93,P=0.068)in the elderly group were higher than those in the young group but without the significant differences. The causes of death in elderly patients were mainly with respiratory failure;the mainly causes in young and middle-aged patients were complex with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,circulatory failure and other reasons. APACHEⅡscore,the number of organ dysfunction,and maximum positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)in the non-survivors of the elderly group were significantly higher than those of the survivors〔APACHEⅡ score:19.45±6.00 vs. 14.72±4.83,the number of organ dysfunction:4.13±0.88 vs. 2.16±1.01,maximum PEEP(cmH2O,1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa):13.93±4.16 vs. 9.72±3.72, all P<0.01〕,and the proportion of tracheotomy and pH value were significantly lower than those of the survivors〔the proportion of tracheotomy:32.08%(17/53)vs. 56.00%(14/25),pH value:7.35±0.14 vs. 7.42±0.08,both P<0.05〕. Logistic analysis showed that APACHEⅡ score〔odds ratio(OR)=7.068,95% confidence interval (95%CI)=1.358-3.273,P=0.023〕,the number of organ dysfunction(OR=2.328,95%CI=1.193-4.520,P=0.029)were related with prognosis in elderly patients with ARDS. APACHEⅡscore,the number of organ dysfunction, blood lactate,maximum PEEP in non-survivors of the young group were significantly higher than those of the survivors〔APACHEⅡ score:18.12±6.88 vs. 12.83± 5.80,the number of organ dysfunction:3.16±1.23 vs. 2.55±1.29, blood lactate(mmol/L):4.84± 4.07 vs. 2.56±1.86,maximum PEEP(cmH2O):13.93±5.50 vs. 10.54±4.05, P<0.05 or P<0.01〕,and the pH value,hospital length of stays,ICU length of days were significantly lower than those of the survivors〔pH value:7.30±0.16 vs. 7.41±0.10,hospital length of stays(days):11.09±10.97 vs. 25.17±19.05,ICU length of days(days):8.0(5.0,13.0)vs. 20.0(12.0,31.0),all P<0.01〕. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that APACHEⅡ score was related with the prognosis in young patients with ARDS(OR=5.735, 95%CI=1.921-3.310,P=0.004). Conclusions Higher APACHEⅡscore and the number of organ dysfunction were independent predictors of worse outcome in elder ARDS patients. Higher APACHEⅡscore was the independent predictor of worse outcome in young ARDS patients.