Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of clindamycin injection on respiratory tract infections. 　Methods:Clindamycin injection was used in 50 respiratary tract infections patients aged over 18 years by intravenous drip with a dosage of 1.2 g once a day for a consecutive of 10 days. The symptoms and signs of the patients were observed, and the laboratory tests made.　Results: The numbers of patients who were cured, remarkably improved, improved and without any improvement were 25, 19, 5 and 1, respectively. The total effectiveness rate was 98.0%.　Conclusion: Clindamycin injection is significantly effective for treating the mild to moderate respiratory tract infections, especially for those caused by haemolytic streptococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae and lamellar bacillus. It has very little and mild side effects and is suitable for those allergic to penicillin.

Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Neck Injuries ; complications ; Pharynx ; injuries ; Trachea ; injuries

Objective To observe the effects of restrain stress on the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase ~MAPK) in rat hypothalamus and the regulation effects of electroacupuncture on the phosphorylated-p38 MAPK. Methods Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into a control group, a restrain stress group and a restrain stress plus electroacupuncture group. The Western blot was employed to observe the changes of phosphorylated-p38MAPK in the three groups. Results Western blot analysis demonstrated a higher level of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in the hypothalamus from restrain stress group than that from control. The higher level of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK could last for 3 hours after stress was relieved. The level of phosphorylated-p38MAPK could be decreased to some extent when the Zusanli acupoint of the restrained rat was acupunctured. The effects of electroacupuncture of Zusanli on phosphorylated-p38MAPK in hypothalamus could still be retained although the electroacupuncture was ended for 3 hours. Conclusion The results suggested that restrain stress can lead to a higher level of phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in hypothalamus, which might be an important event in the response of hypothalamic-pitutary-adrenal ~HPA) axis. The mechanism underlying the regulation of HPA by electroacupuncture might be (related) to the regulation of phosphorylated-p38 MAPK in hypothalamus.

Objective To review the efficacy and safety of brucea javanica oil in the adjuvant therapy of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),China Biology Medicine (CBM),VIP,Wanfang database,Pubmed,Web of Science,ScienceDirect,and Cochrane Library were searched from their inception to December 2015.Then contact with the field experts and correspondence authors for gray literature.Two reviewers independently searched the databases,performed data extraction,and appraised the publications.The Reviewer Manager 5.3 software was employed for data analysis.Results Fifteen clinical trials with 1 128 HCC patients were included.Meta-analysis confirmed that the brucea javanica oil group,compared to the control group,was more advantageous to reduce the incidence of postoperative fever,bone marrow suppression,and gastrointestinal reaction.In addition,it might reduce the level of alpha fetoprotein (AFP),enhance immunity,and improve clinical symptoms.However,more evidence would be needed to support these results.Conclusions Brucea javanica oil is considered to reduce toxicity and increase efficiency in the adjuvant therapy for the HCC,but more high quality,multi-center,large sample,randomized,double-blind clinical trials are also needed for supporting this view.

Objective To compare the effect of Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (BYD) containing different doses of Radix Astragali on fibulin-3 expression in the hemorrhoid tissues of stage Ⅲ internal hemorrhoids patients with spleen deficiency and sinking of qi, and to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy and possible mechanism. Methods Fifty-five qualified patients were randomly divided into control group(N = 15), Chinese medicine group 1(N =20), and Chinese medicine group 2(N=20). All of the 3 groups were treated with operation, and additionally, Chinese medicine group 1 was given BYD containing Radix Astragali 20 g, and Chinese medicine group 2 was given BYD containing Radix Astragali 50 g orally after operation. The scores of anal pendant expansion and anal prolapse were evaluated, and the expression level of fibulin-3 in the hemorrhoid tissues was detected by Western blot method. Results After treatment, the symptoms of anal pendant expansion and anal prolapse were improved in the 2 Chinese medicine groups (P < 0.05) , and the improvement of anal pendant expansion symptom in Chinese medicine group 2 was superior to that of Chinese medicine group 1(P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the expression level of fibulin-3 in the hemorrhoid tissues of the two Chinese medicine groups was increased (P < 0.05); the expression level of Chinese medicine group 2 showed an increasing trend as compared with that of Chinese medicine group 1, but the difference was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Conclusion BYD with large dose of Radix Astragali exerts stronger therapeutic efficacy for the treatment of prolapsed hemorrhoids than BYD with small dose of Radix Astragali, and its therapeutic mechanism has no obvious relation with promoting the increase of fibulin-3 expression.

Objective To evaluate the utility of flow cytometry (FCM) in diagnosis and subclassification of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods The samples of lymph nodes biopsy from 59 cases clinically suspected of NHL were detected by flow cytometry; and clonal lymphocytes and their immunophenotypes were identified analyzed. The concordance between the results of flow cytometry and histopathology was analyzed. Results Among the 59 cases, flow cytometry was able to identify aberrant clonal lymphocytes in 24 of 28 NHL cases identified by histopathology, the neoplastic lymphocytes ranged from 4.28 % to 89.10 %; 23 cases were diagnosed as B-NHL and 1 case was diagnosed as T-NHL. Compared with histopathology, the accuracy of FCM was 85.71% in diagnosis of NHL. The specificity and sensitivity of FCM was 100 % and 92% in diagnosis of B-NHL. The accuracy of flow cytometry immunophenotyping in classification of 24 cases of NHL was consistent with that of histopathology. Conclusion Flow cytometry could be an ancillary technique in diagnosis of NHL by identifying aberrant clonal lymphocytes, and enable identification of B-NHL subtype.

To analyze naringin, naringenin and its metabolites in rat urine and feces after intragastric administration of alcohol extract of Exocarpium Citri Grandis, healthy SD rats were fed with alcohol extract of Exocarpium Citri Grandis for 3 days. On the last day, 0-24 h feces and 0-4 h, 4-8 h, 8-24 h urine were collected and analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The post-acquisition data were processed using Metabolynx The result is that naringin and its 6 metabolites, naringenin and its 4 metabolites were detected in the urine of rat. Meanwhile, naringin and its 3 metabolites, naringenin and its 2 metabolites were detected in the feces of rat.

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanisms of cross-resistance to azoles in a clinical isolate of Aspergillus fumigatus. Methods A. fumigatus was isolated from a patient with invasive aspergillosis.Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute M38-A2 broth microdilution method and E-test method were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) or minimum effective concentration (MEC) of itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, posaconazole and caspofungin for the A. fumigatus isolate. DNA was extracted from the isolate and subjected to the amplification of cyp51A gene encoding the target enzyme of azole antifungal agents followed by sequence analysis. Results The broth microdilution test showed that the MEC of caspofungin was 0.5 mg/L, and MICs of itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B were ≥ 16 mg/L,8 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively, for this isolate; while E-test assay revealed that the MICs of caspofungin,itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and posaconazole were 0.047 mg/L, ≥32 mg/L,≥32 mg/L, 12 mg/L and ≥32 mg/L, respectively. Sequence analysis showed an insertion of a 34-bp tandem sequence in the promoter region of the cyp51A gene as well as a T364A point mutation causing the substitution of leucine 98 (L98H). In addition, there were some other mutations in the cyp51A gene of this isolate, such as A137T,G585A, C814A, G836C, T991C and A1350G, which could result in corresponding amino acid substitutions.Conclusions An A. fumigatus strain with cross-resistance to azole antifungal agents is isolated. There is an insertion of a 34-bp tandem sequence into the promoter region as well as a T364A point mutation in the cyp51A gene, which contribute to the cross resistance to azole antifungal agents including itraconazole, voriconazole,and posaconazole. In addition, other mutations causing amino acid substitutions have also been detected in the cyp51 A gene of this isolate.

Objective To investigate the in vitro susceptibility of 16 strains of Exophiala dermatitidis to 6 commonly used antifungal agents. Methods The Glinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)M27-A2 protocol was carried out to determine the MIGs of terbinafine (TRB), itraconazole (ITC), amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FLC), voriconazole (VRC), and caspofungin (GAS) to 16 strains of E. dermatitidis, and E-test was performed to determine those of VRG, ITC and AMB. Besides, the minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFGs) of the above antifungal agents to the 16 strains of E. dermatitidis were further assessed.The activity of TRB in combination with ITC and VRG against E. dermatitidis was also estimated. Results The MIC ranges of TRB, VRC, ITC, AMB, FLC, and CAS were 0.125 - 0.25 mg/L, 0.25 - 0.5 mg/L, 2.0 mg/L,2.0 mg/L, 16 - 32 mg/L and 16 - 64 mg/L respectively as shown by M27-A2 microdilution assay, while the MIC ranges of VRG, ITG and AMB, as determined by E-test, were 0.032 - 0.094 mg/L, 0.047 - 0.5 mg/L and 0.125 - 3.0 mg/L, respectively. The MFC ranges of TRB, VRC, ITG, AMB and FLG were 0.125 - 0.5 mg/L,0.25 - 0.5 mg/L, 2.0 - 4.0 mg/L, 2.0 - 4.0 mg/L and 16 - 64 mg/L, respectively. No synergism in the acitivity against E. dermatitidis was observed for the combination of TBR with ITC or VRC. Conclusion E. dermatitidis is susceptible to TRB, ITC, AMB, and VRC, but less sensitive to both FLC and GAS.