To explore the self-organization robustness of the biological neural network, and thus to provide new ideas and methods for the electromagnetic bionic protection, we studied both the information transmission mechanism of neural network and spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) mechanism, and then investigated the relationship between synaptic plastic and adaptive characteristic of biology. Then a feedforward neural network with the Izhikevich model and the STDP mechanism was constructed, and the adaptive robust capacity of the network was analyzed. Simulation results showed that the neural network based on STDP mechanism had good rubustness capacity, and this characteristics is closely related to the STDP mechanisms. Based on this simulation work, the cell circuit with neurons and synaptic circuit which can simulate the information processing mechanisms of biological nervous system will be further built, then the electronic circuits with adaptive robustness will be designed based on the cell circuit.
Action Potentials ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neurons

Objective To analyse characteristics of military pilot group sandplay work and reveal their psychological status.Methods Using the self-reporting 90-item Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) to test the validity of group sandplay work made by 87 groups of military pilots.Statistical analysis was used to analyse the characteristics of code data in group sandplay work.Results Positive and negative themes in group sandplay work showed negative and positive correlations(r=-0.59,0.59) with symptom factors of SCL-90,respectively.Positive and negative themes scores were 5.37±2.25 and 2.36± 1.85 ,respectively.The secondary theme scores in the positive theme were entirely higher than those in the negative theme.Scores of energy, connection, cooperation, integration, relaxation, and spirituality in the positive theme and threat,limitation, and aggression in the negative theme were relatively high.The overall evaluations of the work include power, integration, enrichment, and fluency.The theme names of the work include life, military, natural and abstract.Conclusion Group sandplay is an effective method in the study of military pilots' psychological health and military pilots are in good mental health.These pilots have strong intrinsic energy,teamwork and communication.However,some pilots have symptoms of anxiety,tension and insecure.

Objective To evaluate the clnical value of percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with flexible cystoscope in the treatment of complicated renal calculi.Methods Data of 53 cases of complex renal calculi treated with single channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with flexible cystoscope from July 2011 to September 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.There were 31 males and 22 females.Their age ranged from 26 to 74 years with a mean age of 49 years.Thirty-two cases were located on the left side,19 cases right,2 cases bilateral,21 cases of staghorn calculi and 32 cases of multiple stones.All the stones were filled in 2 or more calyces,with 7 cases in upper ureteral stones at the same time and 2 cases in solitary kidney.The longest diameter of stones was between 2.5 cm to 4.6 cm,with an average of 3.7 cm.There were 39 cases with hydronephrosis and the separation of the collection system was 2.0-5.1 cm with an average of 3.8cm.The period which patients suffered from stones was from 1 month to 6 years.Fourteen cases underwent ESWL and 6 cases underwent open operation before percutaneous nephrolithotomy.All patients underwent single channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy under the guidance of color Doppler ultrasound,and the channel of puncture was expanded to 24 F.Results Fifty-three cases (55 sides) were performed successfully in one-stage sugery and the operation time was between 85 to 170 min,with an average of 119 min.Thestone clearance rate was 89％ (49/55) and postoperative hemoglobin decreased 3.9-9.2 g/L with an average of 6.1 g/L.The hospitalization time was 8 to 12 days with an average of 9.2 days.Two cases had hemorrhage of about 500 ml after surgery and the renal hemorrhage stopped after clamping of renal fistula without blood transfusion.Two patients suffered from fever on surgery day and 1 patient on one day after surgery,and the body temperature returned to normal level after anti-infection treatment for 2 or 3 days.No renal perforation,fluid pneumothorax or damaged surrounding organs occurred.6 patients had residual stones,among which 2 were treated by two-stage operation and 4 were treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.Conclusion Percutaneous nephrolithotomy combined with flexible cystoscope has little trauma and high stone clearance rate in the treatment of complex renal calculi with high clinical value.

Objective To establish RT-PCR-RFLP method for studying the genotype of wild mea-sles virus strains isolated from Tianjin area from 2002 to 2008. Methods Isolations of measles virus were carried out by tissue culture method from urine and throat swab specimens collected from suspected cases. RNA were extracted from the virus specimens. The 594 bp fragment of C terminal of the N (nucleoprotein) gene was amplified by one-step RT-PCR, then the PCR products were digested with Bcn I , separated on agarose gel electrophoresis and then analyzed by the method of RFLP (restriction fragment length polymor-phism). In addition, above results were compared with DNA sequencing. Phylogenetic tree was plotted based on the results for the genetic relationship and distance analysis. Results Sixty-nine measles virus strains were isolated from 189 specimens from 2002 to 2008, of which the C terminals of N gene were all de-tected positive. Among the 69 strains of measles virus isolates, 98.55% (68/69) belonged to Hla sub-geno-type which was the predominant sub-genotype, and only one strain (1.45%) belonged to H1b sub-genotype by RFLP analysis which was in accordance with the results by DNA sequencing method. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated the H1a sub-genotype measles virus strains should be further divided into 2 clades, and the variation fluctuated between 0.2% and 3.8%. There were transmission chains caused by different virus strains co-cireulation. Conclusion A genotype, H1a and H1b sub-genotype can be identified by RT-PCR-RFLP assay specically based on the restriction enzyme Bcn I .The RT-PCR-RFLP assay can be a rapid, simple, accurate and efficient method for large-scale surveillance of measles virus strains in China.

Background: Tumor markers are widely used in clinical practice and have become important indicators in assessing cancer progress. There is increasing concern that chemotherapy combined with traditional Chinese medicine has effects in decreasing the level of tumor markers. Objective: To investigate the effects of chemotherapy combined with Kangliu Zengxiao Decoction (KLZX), a compound Chinese herbal drug, on tumor markers carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA 50), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore the relationships between clinical efficacy and tumor markers. Design, setting, participants and interventions: Patients were included from Punan Hospital of Shanghai Pudong New District and Longhua Hospital between October 2008 and December 2009. Seventy-four subjects with advanced NSCLC were randomly assigned into treatment group (n=37) and control group (n=37). Patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy alone while patients in the treatment group were treated with chemotherapy combined with KLZX. Chemotherapy of NP (vinorelbine + cisplatin) was given for two cycles and patients in the treatment group were administered with KLZX during chemotherapy. Main outcome measures: Levels of CA50, CYFRA21-1 and CEA before and after treatment were evaluated and the relationship between changes in levels of tumor makers and tumor size, clinical symptoms and living condition score (Karnofsky score) was analyzed. Results: No patients achieved a complete remission. The disease control rates (complete remission (CR)+partial remission (PR)+no change (NC)) were 89.20% (33/37) and 70.30% (26/37) in the treatment and control group respectively (P<0.05). The levels of CA50, CYFRA21-1 and CEA were clearly decreased in the treatment group after treatment (P<0.05) while also decreased in the patients without progression of disease. There were no obvious changes of CA50, CYFRA21-1 and CEA in the control group, and there was even a trend of increase. Furthermore, the improvement rates of clinical syndrome were 51% (19/37) vs 11% (4/37) (P<0.05) in the treatment group and control group respectively. The total response rates of quality of life were 91.89% (34/37) vs 56.76% (21/37) (P<0.01) in the treatment and control group respectively. Conclusion: Combined chemotherapy with KLZX in treating advanced NSCLC can acquire better stabilizing tumor foci, decrease levels of tumor markers and improve the clinical symptoms and Karnofsky score.

This study examined the effect of GHRP-6, a known GHSs receptor agonist, on the phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and the underly mechanism. GH3 cells were cultured and subjected to different treatments as follows: GHRP-6, GHRP-6 plus GHRH, phorbol ester (PMA), an activator of PKC, alone or in combination with GHRP-6, Gö6983, a general inhibitor of PKCs, in the presence or absence of GHRP-6, rottlerin, an inhibitor of PKCs, alone or plus GHRP-6. The cells were transiently transfected with PKCsigma-specific siRNA and then treated with GHRP-6. GH level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of phosphor-CREB, PKCsigma, PKCtheta and phosphor-PKCsigma was determined by Western blotting. The results showed that GHRP-6 stimulated GH secretion in both time- and dose-dependent manners and enhanced the effect of GHRH on GH secretion. GHRP-6 was also found to induce CREB phosphorylation. Moreover, GH secretion was enhanced by the PKC activator PMA and reduced by the PKC inhibitors (Gö6983, rottlerin) and knockdown of PKCsigma. PKCsigma could be activated by GHRP-6. It is concluded that PKC, especially PKCsigma, mediates CREB phosphorylation and GHRP-6-induced GH secretion.

BACKGROUND:Biomechanical compatibility is the necessary condition to ensure the stable osseointegration with implants that then can function over a long period; therefore, it is especialy important to get knowledge about distribution of stress and strain between the maxilary central incisor and its surrounding bone tissue. OBJECTIVE: Based on five different anatomical types of natural teeth, to study the regularity of stress distribution between the maxilary central incisor root and implant.METHODS: According to the five different anatomical types of natural maxilary central incisors, UGNX and ANSYS were used to set up three-dimensional finite element models (B1, B2, M1, M2, P1) for the implant and surrounding structures, which were under 100 N static load at angles of 0o, 30o, 45o, 60o, 90o with the long axis of teeth. Then, the stress distribution between the five kinds of maxilary central incisor roots and implants was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Among the five different anatomical types, the equivalent stress for both the natural central incisor and implant were increased with the increasing of angles, and the implant had a higher raising trend. The equivalent stress for the natural tooth concentrated upon B1 for the maximum value and M1 for the minimum value; while the equivalent stress for the implant focused on the maximum value at M1 and the minimum value at M2. There was a gap of 2%-31% between the equivalent stresses for the natural tooth roots and a gap of 4%-21% for the implants. The stress distribution range for the implant was just smaler than that for the natural tooth roots. It implies that the bit force of implant and natural tooth is in positive proportion to the bite angles, and the bite force that implant can burden is smaler than that the central incisor can.

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and 64 multi-slice spiral CT (64-MSCT) for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Fifty-two patients with suspected or known CAD were included in the study. Each patient underwent both stress and rest MPI,MSCT as well as conventional coronary angiography (CAG) within 1 month. The stress and rest MPI were scored by a 5-grade criteria (0 ～ 4) based on 17 coronary artery segments. The difference between summed stress and rest scores ＞ 1 was defined as myocardial ischemia. Stenosis in one main vessel or one main branch of the main vessel ≥50% was defined as myocardial ischemia by MSCT. CAG was used as the reference for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13. 0 software. Kappa value was used to test the accordance of MPI and MSCT results. X2 test was used to evaluate the difference between MPI and MSCT results. Results The patient-based sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of MPI and MSCT for the diagnosis of CAD were 86.7% (26/30), 77.3% ( 17/22),83.9% (26/31), 81.0% ( 17/21), 82.7% (43/52) and 83.3% ( 25/30), 86.4% ( 19/22), 89.3%( 25/28), 79.2% ( 19/24), 84.6% (44/52), respectively. The vessel-based sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of MPI and MSCT were 74.5% (38/51), 81.0% (85/105 ), 65.5% (38/58), 86.7% ( 85/98), 78.8% ( 123/156 ) and 90.2% (46/51 ), 88.6% ( 93/105 ),79.3 % (46/58), 94.9% (93/98), 89.1% ( 139/156), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between MPI and MSCT for either patient or lesion-based diagnosis (X2 =0.44, 0.21, both P ＞0.05 ). 96.0% (24/25) patients with both abnormal MPI and MSCT positive were valified by CAG while 83.3% (15/18) patients with both MPI and MSCT negative were excluded by CAG. Conclusions Both MPI and MSCT are reliable diagnostic modalities for CAD. They also provide complementary diagnostic value to each other.

Objective To investigate the expression changes of aspartic proteinase (cathepsin D) and cysteine proteinase (cathepsin K) in photoaged fibroblasts. Methods The senescence of human fibroblasts was induced via culture in the presence of 8-methoxypsralen (MOP) of 50 mg/L in darkness for 24 hours followed by irradiation with UVA of 80 kJ/m~2. Then, aged fibroblasts were confirmed by senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot were carried out to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of cathepsin D and cathepsin K in photoaged and normal control fibroblasts, respectively. Results Western blot showed a significant difference between photoaged and control fibroblasts in the grey scale of cathepsin D and cathepsin K (3.25 ± 0.33 vs 14.18 ± 2.25, f = 30.61, P < 0.01; 2.39 ± 0.66 vs 29.38 ± 4.62, t = 12.63, P< 0.01). The △Ct values for cathepsin D and cathepsin K mRNA were 2.79 ± 0.17 and -0.92 ± 0.06, respectively, in photoaged fibroblasts, significantly lower than those in the control fibroblasts (4.54 ± 0.34, 2.57 ± 0.13, t = 20.78, 28.50, respectively, both P < 0.01). According to the value of 2~(-△△Ct), the expression of cathepsin D and cathepsin K mRNA decreased 0.24 ± 0.021 and 0.09 ± 0.005 folds, respectively, in photoaged fibroblasts compared with the control fibroblasts. Conclusion The expression of cathepsin D and cathepsin K is decreased in photoaged fibroblasts.

OBJECTIVETo compare clinical outcomes between two suturing methods using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone and suturing anchors for the treatment of complete rupture of the deltoid ligament.

METHODSFrom January 2009 to January 2013, 58 hospitalized patients with ankle fracture combined with complete rupture of the deltoid ligament were treated with suturing using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone or suturing anchors. There were 29 patients who received suturing treatments using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone (Group A), including 18 males and 11 females, with an average age of (39.76 +/- 11.81) years old. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification, 12 patients had supination external rotation (SER) injuries with IV degree, 5 patients had pronation external rotation (PER) injuries with III degree, 10 patients had PER injuries with IV degrss, and 2 patients had pronation abduction injuries with III degree. There were 29 patients who received treatments with suturing using anchors (Group B), including 14 males and 15 females, with an average age of (41.79 +/- 13.28) years old. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification,9 patients had SER injuries with IV degree, 6 patients had PER injuries with III degree,13 patients had PER injuries with IV degree, and 1 patient had pronation abduction injuries with III degree. All the patients were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, as well as reconstruction of deltoid ligaments to restore the stability of the medial ankle structures. The clinical examination, imaging evaluation, American society for ankle surgery (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the clinical results after operation, and the results of the two groups were compared and analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe follow-up duration of the 58 patients ranged from 23 to 40 months,with an average of 27.3 months. All the patients had fracture union, and the mean healing time was 12.3 weeks (ranged, 10 to 17 weeks). There were no incision complications and ankle instability. There were no significant differences between two groups in AOFAS (P=0.666) and the VAS (P=0.905).

CONCLUSIONTreatments of complete rupture of the deltiod ligaments with the two suturing methods get similar good clinical effects, but the suturing using non absorbable materials through drilling the bone has several advantages such as reducing the financial burden of patients, saving social medical resources and avoiding the shortcoming in difficult removal of anchor suture.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ankle Fractures ; surgery ; Ankle Injuries ; surgery ; Ankle Joint ; surgery ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Lateral Ligament, Ankle ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult