Four hundreds and ninety sheep sera from seven breeds raised at eight counties and one city of Aksu region in Xinjiang were tested by ELISA for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis E virus (HEV), and the positive rate differences were compared based on administrative areas, breeds and age by Chi-square test. The result showed that the general positive rate was 28.98% (142/490), the positive rate were 35.44% (28/79), 29.67% (27/91), 20% (4/20), 40% (12/30), 32.5% (26/80), 38% (19/50), 22.5% (9/40), 8% (4/50) and 26% (13/50) respectively in eight counties and one city, there was a significant difference between Xayar and other administrative areas (P<0.01); there was also a significant difference among age ranges (P<0.01), being 38.75% (31/80) over 2 years old, 15.45% (17/110) below 1 year old; The seroprevalence was still related to breeds, i. e. there was a significant difference between Mongolia sheep and other breeds (P<0.01). From these data, it is confirmed that there is a possibility of previous and potential infection of sheep HEV in Aksu region of Xinjiang Autonomous.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis E ; epidemiology ; transmission ; veterinary ; virology ; Hepatitis E virus ; physiology ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Sheep ; blood ; virology ; Sheep Diseases ; epidemiology ; transmission ; virology

Objective To investigate the changes of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP) before and after off-pump coronary artery bypass graft(OPCABG) using transesophageal echocardiography(TEE). Methods Mitral valve flow(MVF) and pulmonary veinous flow(PVF) were measured in 46 patients before and after OPCAB using TEE and PCWP was detected by cardiac catheter. The correlations between indices derived from TEE and catheterization-measured PCWP and the differences before and after OPCAB were studied. Results There were obvious differences in the indices derived from TEE and PCWP which could reflect the left ventricular function. The most indices measured in PVF and MVF correlated with PCWP(r=(0.30)-(0.76),P

Objective:To understand the reliability and validity of quality of life instruments for cancer patients-brain neoplasm [QLICP-BN (V1.0)], a self-developed quality of life scale for cancer patients.Methods:The quality of life of 112 patients with brain neoplasms in Yunnan Cancer Hospital from March 2012 to November 2013 was measured. The general data questionnaire and QLICP-BN (V1.0) were used for data collection. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of the scale were tested, and then the metric characteristics of the scale were evaluated.Results:The split-half reliability of the total score of the scale was 0.95, the Cronbach αcoefficient was 0.92, and the test-retest correlation coefficient rwas 0.78. After extracting common factors by the principal component method and rotating with the maximum variance, the specific module obtained three principal components, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 64.18%. The score of specific module was 75.30±17.44 before treatment and 78.91±12.20 after treatment ( t=-2.481, P=0.015). The total score of scale before treatment was 65.26±12.29, and that after treatment was 69.62±10.41, with a statistically significant difference ( t=-4.492, P<0.001). The total responsiveness of the scale was 0.456, showing moderate responsiveness. Conclusion:QLICP-BN (V1.0) has good reliability, validity and a certain degree of responsiveness. It can be used as a measurement tool for the quality of life of patients with brain neoplasms in China.

Objective To examine the distribution of bacterial species and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients.Methods A total of 355 bacterial strains were isolated from febrile neutropenic patients in Shanghai General Hospital from January 2005 to December 2012. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby-Bauer method. The susceptibility testing results were analyzed according to CLSI 2014 breakpoints.Results Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 70.4% of the 355 isolates, while gram-positive organisms accounted for 29.6%. The most common bacterial species werePseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Stenotrophomonas maltophiliaand Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Non-fermentative bacteria accounted for 53.2% of all the gram-negative bacterial isolates. All theEnterococcus and
Staphylococcus isolates were susceptible to linezolid, vancomycin and teicoplanin. All theStaphylococcus strains were resistant to methicillin.P. aeruginosa isolates were relatively more susceptible to cefoperazone-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime (>70%) than imipenem (40.8%) and meropenem (59.2%). All theK. pneumoniae isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem and more than 70% of the isolates were susceptible to cefoperazone-sulbactam, amikacin. More than 80% of theA. baumannii isolates were susceptible to carbapenems, cefoperazone-sulbactam, amikacin, ciprolfoxacin and aminoglycosides. All the E. coli isolates were susceptible to carbapenems and more than 70% were susceptible to cefoperazone-sulbactam and ceftazidime. More than 90% of theS. maltophilia strains were sensitive to levolfoxacin, minocycline, cefoperazone-sulbactam and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.Conclusions Our data suggest that gram-negative bacteria, especiallyEnterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative bacteria, are still the primary pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients. Antimicrobial resistant strains are prevalent. Such data of bacterial species and antimicrobial susceptibility proifle of pathogens in febrile neutropenic patients are useful for empirical antimicrobial therapy of such infections.

Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of performing total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair (tTAAAR) under normal thermia and non-cardiopulmonary bypass fashion by comparing surgical indications and details of different surgical strategies in tTAAAR.Methods From February 2009 to May 2011,46 consecutive patients with extensive Crawford Ⅱ thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA)underwent total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair( tTAAAR ) in An Zhen Hospital.The patients were divided into 2 groups ( A and B) according to their different surgical strategies.Patients in group A underwent total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest.Patients in group B underwent total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a normal thermia and non-circulatory bypass was performed via a combined left thoracoabdominal incision.After established the bypass from descending aorta to bilateral iliac arteries under normal thermia,the reestablishment of intercostal arteries and visceral arteries was followed with subsection circulatory arrest.The clinical results of these 2 groups were analyzed by SPSS 18.0.Results Patients in group A underwent total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest have higher mortality rate and transient nervous dysfunction rate (26.67％ vs 3.20％,P =0.033 ; 33.30％ vs 3.30％,P =0.018,respectively) than patients in group B underwent total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a normal thermia and non-circulatory bypass.Statistical significance was also observed between group A and circulatory arrest and group B in operation time,descending aortic clamping time,and transfusiori volume of red blood cells ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Average age,sex,pathological type,the maximal diameters of aneurysm,preoperative complications,visceral ischemia time,spinal cord ischemia time,ICU treatment time,intubation time,respiratory complications,plasma dosage,platelets dosage,RBC dosage,thoracotomy hemostatic,spinal cord injury,renal insufficiency were found no statistical significance(P ＞ 0.05 ) between two groups.In addition to death and paraplegia,the others were cured.Conclusion The normal thermia and non-cardiopulmonary bypass tTAAAR is a safe and feasible therapeutic strategy for TAAA patients.A bypass from descending aorta to iliac arteries can be built under normal thermia in TAAA patients,which is the indication of this new technique.Reestablishment of intercostal arteries is an important protective adjunct to avoid spinal cord injury.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory response and prognosis of patients with severe trauma.

METHODSEighty severely injured patients were divided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2-4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6-8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed.

RESULTSHigh fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0 x 10(9) for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 patients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5%). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-alpha and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3-7 ( P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Plasma levels of TNF-alpha (1.3 +/- 0.6 microg/L) and CRP (55 +/- 16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0 +/- 0.8 microg/L, 89 +/- 20 mg/L, respectively, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSIntensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insulin ; administration & dosage ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Wounds and Injuries ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the clinic application value of ultrasonography examination of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD) in brain injury.Methods From July 2008-June 2011,90 cases of brain injured patients were chosen as experimental group including light (A group),medium (B group),and heavy (C group) brain injured patients according to the admission GCS score ;50 cases of conventional physical examination and 90 cases of volunteers 50 in neurosurgical outpatient were chosen as control group.The ONSD of both groups were measured 3 mm behind the globe through orbital using color sonographic with different time after admission.3 times measurements were carried out for every optic nerve sheath.All client's ONSD mean and standard deviation were calculated.In 0.5 h after color dopplar ultrasound examination,lumbar vertebra puncturing measured intracranial pressure in different groups.Results After admission (1d,3 d,7 d,14 d),the ONSD of A group was (4.54 ±0.32)mm,(4.42 ±0.30)mm,(4.44 ±0.32) m,and (4.43 ± 0.25) mm,respectively; The ONSD of B groups was (4.48 ± 0.28) mm,(4.52 ± 0.24) mm,(4.46 ±0.28)mm,and (4.38 ±0.22)mm,respectively; The ONSD of C group was (5.67 ±0.35)mm,(6.36 ± 0.42) mm,(5.65 ± 0.23) mm,and (4.76 ± 0.35) mm,respectively.After admission (1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d),the intracranial pressure (IP) of A group was (82 ± 11) mmH2O,(79 ± 12) mmH2O,(90 ±15) mmH2O,and (86 ± 14) mmH2O,respectively; The IP of B group was (78 ± 15) mmH2O,(85 ± 10)mmH2O,(78 ± 16) mmH2O,(80 ± 11) mmH2O,The IP of C group was (225 ± 26) mmH2 O,(288 ± 23)mmH2O,(256 ± 23) mmH2O,(122 ± 18) mmH2O,respectively.Group D had the ONSD average of (4.58± 0.41)mm and IP of (88 ± 10)mmH2O after eyeball 3-mm place.No difference was found between A and B,A and D,or B and D (P＞0.05) ; A difference was found between A and C,B and C,or D and C (t =12.24～24.67,P＜0.01).Conclusions The ONSD and IP in light medium brain injured patients had no change.In patients with severe brain injury,IP changed with the time after injury,the ONSD increased with the IP,the ultrasonography examination of ONSD with the important value in the diagnosis and treatment can respond the IP increase,which is a non-invasion,convenient,fast,and feasible method for evaluation of cranial high pressure.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 11 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STR) loci in Chongqing Tujia population, and to evaluate their forensic application values and genetic relationships with the other 16 populations of China.

METHODSEleven Y-STR loci in 215 unrelated Tujia individuals from Chongqing were amplified with PowerPlex Y System, and the PCR products were analyzed by 310 Genetic Analyzer. Cluster analysis and phylogenic trees were applied to show the genetic distance among the populations.

RESULTSA total of 195 haplotypes were identified and the overall haplotypes diversity for the 11 Y-STR loci was 0.9942. The gene diversity values (GD) for each locus ranged from 0.3757 (DYS391) to 0.9170 (DYS385a/b). Comparing with other 16 populations, the genetic distance between Tujia and Tibetan was the nearest (0.02467), that between the Tujia and Korean ethnic groups was the farthest (0.25350).

CONCLUSIONThe genetic distribution of the 11 Y-STR loci in Chongqing Tujia population showed favorable polymorphisms. They are suitable for forensic identification and paternity testing in the local area. The study of genetic diversity among different populations is useful in understanding their origins, migrations and their relationships.

China ; ethnology ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Ethnic Groups ; ethnology ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Population Groups ; genetics

No abstract available.
Animals ; Fetus* ; Immunohistochemistry* ; Rats*

BACKGROUND:Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),as important regulators of the inflammatory response,are involved in the immune-inflammation-brain crosstalk mechanism after ischemic stroke and have the potential to become a therapeutic agent for neurological dysfunction after ischemic stroke. OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the molecular mechanism of lncRNA acting on glial cells involved in the neuroimmuno-inflammatory cascade response after ischemic stroke and the associated signaling pathways,pointing out that lncRNAs have the potential to regulate inflammation after ischemic stroke. METHODS:PubMed was searched using the search terms of"ischemic stroke,long non-coding RNA,neuroinflammation,immune function,signal pathway,microglia,astrocytes,oligodendrocyte,mechanism,"and 63 relevant documents were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the early stage of ischemic stroke,the death of nerve cells due to ischemia and hypoxia activates the innate immune response of the brain,promoting the secretion of inflammatory factors and inducing blood-brain barrier damage and a series of inflammatory cascades responses.As an important pathogenesis factor in ischemic stroke,the neuroimmuno-inflammatory cascade has been proved to seriously affect the prognosis of patients with ischemic stroke,and it needs to be suppressed promptly in the early stage.Neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke usually induces abnormal expression of a large number of lncRNAs that mediate a series of neuro-immune-inflammatory crosstalk mechanisms through regulating the polarization of microglia,astrocytes and oligodendrocytes to exert post-stroke neuroprotective effects.LncRNAs,as important regulatory factors of the inflammatory response,inhibit the neuroimmuno-inflammatory cascade response after ischemic stroke through regulating nuclear factor-κB,lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis,Rho-ROCK,MAPK,AKT,ERK and other signaling pathways to effectively improve neurological impairment after ischemic stroke.Most of experimental studies on the interaction between lncRNAs and ischemic stroke are based on a middle cerebral artery occlusion model or a cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model,but no clinical trials have been conducted.Therefore,it remains to be further explored about whether lncRNAs can be safely applied in clinical practice.At present,there are many therapeutic drugs for the treatment of ischemic stroke,but there are relatively few studies on the application of lncRNAs,exosomes and other transplantation technologies for the treatment of ischemic stroke using tissue engineering technology,which need to be further explored.lncRNA has become an important target for the treatment of ischemic stroke with its relative stability and high specificity.In future studies,more types of inflammatory lncRNAs that function under ischemic-hypoxia conditions should continue to be explored,in order to provide new research directions for the treatment of neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.