In this paper, the distribution, host restriction, and taxonomic position of Valsa mali are discussed.
Far East* ; Fungi* ; Mali* ; Trees*

Anthracnose symptoms severely occurred up to 50% on leaves of English ivy growing in greenhouses in Cheongwon area of Korea during disease survey in April, 2000. The symptoms developed as concentric spots with dot-like acervuli on leaves of the plant. A total of 24 isolates of Colletotrichum sp. were obtained from the spotted lesions and identified as Colletotrichum trichellum based on the morphological and cultural characteristics. Leaf spots similar to the original anthracnose symptoms were induced on the host leaves by artificial inoculation with the isolates of the fungus. This is the first record of C. trichellum causing anthracnose of English ivy in Korea.
Colletotrichum* ; Cultural Characteristics ; Fungi ; Hedera* ; Korea* ; Plants

BACKGROUND: Stellate ganglion block (SGB) is known to increase blood flow to the innervations area of the stellate ganglion. Near infrared spectroscopy reflects an increased blood volume and allows continuous, non-invasive, and bedside monitoring of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2). We investigated the influence of SGB on bilateral cerebral oxygenation using a near infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: SGB was performed on 30 patients with 1% lidocaine 10 ml using a paratracheal technique at the C6 level and confirmed by the presence of Horner's syndrome. The blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and rSO2 were measured before SGB and 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after SGB. Tympanic temperature of each ear was measured prior to SGB and 20 minutes after SGB. RESULTS: The increments of the rSO2 on the block side from the baseline were statistically significant at 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes. The rSO2 on the non-block side compared with the baseline, however, decreased at 15 and 20 minutes. The difference between the block and the non-block sides was significant at 15 and 20 minutes. The BP at 10, 15 and 20 minutes was increased and the HR was increased at 10 and 15 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: We observed an increment of the rSO2 on the block side from the baseline; however, the rSO2 on the non-block side decreased.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Volume ; Ear ; Heart Rate ; Horner Syndrome ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Oxygen ; Spectrum Analysis ; Stellate Ganglion

PURPOSE: Most liver surgeons perform a right hepatic resection for a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for the complete mobilization of the right lobe of liver, via the conventional approach, prior to a parenchymal transection. However, in selected patients, with a massive hepatoma that has invaded to the diaphragm, the conventional mobilization of the liver prior to a parenchymal transection may be very difficult and result in excessive bleeding. The feasibility of an 'anterior approach' was evaluated by analyzing of the clinical result of the surgical treatment for a massive hepatoma with diaphragmatic invasion. METHODS: Between November, 2001 and November, 2002, six patients underwent a major right hepatic resection, using an anterior approach, for a HCC that had invaded or was adhered to the diaphragm, preventing the easy mobilization of the right lobe of the liver. RESULTS: There was no hospital mortality among six patients. A massive transfusion, followed by massive bleeding, was performed in four patients, but no post-operative liver failure occurred. CONCLUSION: These cases, performed via an anterior approach, had massive bleeding, but no hospital mortality or post- operative liver failure was observed. If the patients had undergone the procedure via the conventional approach, much more bleeding would have been expected. An 'anterior approach' is a safe and effective option in selected patients with a massive hepatoma and diaphragmatic invasion.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Diaphragm ; Hemorrhage ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Failure

A clinical observation was done on 34 cases of cryptorchisms during the past 5 years from January 1974 to December 1978. 1. The most frequent age group was 16 to 20 and average age was 13.2 years which means too late for requiring adequate treatment. 2. The cryptorchism had the highest incidence rate among the anomalies of G-U tract (28.4%). 3. The bilateral cryptorchisms were observed in 13 cases (38%) and inguinal type in 16(47%), intraabdominal type in l0(29%) and subinguinal type in 8(24%). (13 cases in right and 8 cases in left) 4, 7 cases, over 20 years old, were performed the orchiectomy because of atrophy or impossible placement to scrotum and histopathology revealed atrophic change in all removed testes. 4 cases among them were proved to oligo-azoospermia by semen analysis. 5. Hormonal therapy (HCG) was done in 7 cases and 2 cases were respond slightly.
Atrophy ; Cryptorchidism* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Orchiectomy ; Scrotum ; Semen Analysis ; Testis ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Kidney*

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Kidney*

During a disease survey in October 2019, leaf spot symptoms with a yellow halo were observed on Korean angelica (Anglica gigas) plants grown in fields in Pyeongchang, Gangwon Province, Korea. Incidence of diseased leaves of the plants in the investigated fields ranged from 10% to 60%. Morphological and cultural characteristics of two single-spore isolates from the leaf lesions indicated that they belonged to the genus Didymella. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using combined sequences of LSU, ITS, TUB2, and RPB2 regions showed distinct clustering of the isolates from other Didymella species. In addition, the morphological and cultural characteristics of the isolates were somewhat different from those of closely related Didymella spp. Therefore, the novelty of the isolates was proved based on the investigations. Pathogenicity of the novel Didymella species isolates was confirmed on leaves of Korean angelica plants via artificial inoculation. This study reveals that Didymella gigantis sp. nov.causes leaf spot in Korean angelica.

During disease surveys of Angelica acutiloba plants in Korea, leaf spot symptoms were observed in a field in Andong in July 2019, and stem rot symptoms in vinyl greenhouses in Yangpyeong in April 2020. Incidence of leaf spot and stem rot of the plants ranged from 10 to 20% and 5 to 30%, respectively. Morphological and cultural characteristics of fungal iso lates from the leaf spot and stem rot symptoms fitted into those of the genus Phoma.Molecular phylogenetic analyses of two single-spore isolates from the symptoms using con catenated sequences of LSU, ITS, TUB2, and RPB2 genes authenticated an independent clus ter from other Didymella (anamorph: Phoma) species. Moreover, the isolates showed different morphological and cultural characteristics in comparison to closely related Didymella species. These discoveries confirmed the novelty of the isolates. Pathogenicity of the novel Didymella species isolates was substantiated on leaves and stems of A. acutiloba through artificial inocu lation. Thus, this study reveals that Didymella acutilobae sp. nov. causes leaf spot and stem rot in Angelica acutiloba.

Citrate in transfused blood forms a complex with calcium and decreases the free ionized calcium. Serum normalized ionized calcium(nCa2+) concentration was measured in patients receiving resection of brain tumor(Group l) and hepatic lobectomy(Group 2) before and after transfusion The results were as follows; l) nCa2+ concentration decreased from 1.08+/-0.08 mmol/L at baseline to 0.98+/-0.10 mmol/L(p< 0.05) at 10 min after transfusion in Group l. 2) nCa2+ concentration decreased from 1.13+/-0.05 mmol/L at baseline to 0.84+/-0.08 mmol/L(p< 0.01) at 10min and to 0.87+/-0.11 mmol/L(p<0.05) at 2hr after transfusion in Group 2. 3) nCa2+ concentration at 10 min and 2hr after transfusion in Group 2 were significantly lower than those in Group l(p<0.05). nCa2+ concentration decreased significantly after transfusion and didnt returned to baseline at 2hr after transfusion during hepatic lobectomy. We conclude that it is essential to measure ionized calcium(Ca2+) concentration directly and at frequent interval during transfusion in hepatic surgery and we can prevent or treat severe hypocalcemia and cardiovascular depression with measured serum Ca2+.
Blood Transfusion* ; Brain ; Calcium* ; Citric Acid ; Depression ; Humans ; Hypocalcemia