After studying the discipline of chemical components distribution in peony root, it was found that the content distribution of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol was inhomogeneous in different parts of peony root, as same as in different roots belonging to a same plant. Therefore, in order to minimize the effects of different qualities of materials on experimental result, the content changing percentages of four chemical components was chosen as indicators to study processing method of Paeoniae Radix Alba. The processing technique of Paeoniae Radix Alba was put peony roots in the boiled water for at most ten minutes, and cut them into 2-3 mm slices after peeling the root bark, finally dry them in a oven under 55 degrees C, which was similar to the traditional processing method used in Bozhou. And the peeling, boiling and drying methods would affect the contents of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol on several levels.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo verify the pharmacological hypothesis of prescriptions by studying the targeted distribution of major components in stewed rhubarb in the rat model with acute pancreatitis (AP).

METHODNormal SD rats (control group, n = 5) and the AP model induced with intraperitoneal cerulein (model group, n = 5) were taken as the experimental objects. Rats of the two groups were orally administered with stewed rhubarb granules (20 g x kg(-1)). Their heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and pancreas were collected two hours after the administration. Such constituents as emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, rhein and aloe-emodin and their concentrations in each tissue homogenate were detected by high performance liquid chromatography-mass-mass.

RESULTAloe-emodin and physcion in stewed rhubarb whose concentrations in liver and kidney of normal rats were higher than that in pancreatic tissues, while the distribution spectrums and concentrations of the remaining components in pancreatic tissues had no significant difference with that of other organs. The concentrations of emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein and chrysophanol in stewed rhubarb in pancreatic tissues of the AP model group were higher than that in other tissues and organs, while their concentrations in pancreatic, renal and splenic tissues were notably higher than that in the normal group.

CONCLUSIONIn the conditions of AP, effective components in stewed rhubarb show a targeted distribution feature in pancreas, which provides experimental basis for the pharmacological hypothesis of prescriptions.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Anthraquinones ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Organ Specificity ; Pancreatitis ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheum ; chemistry

To ensure the stability of chemistry components and the convenience of operation, ultrasound method was chosen to study in this investigation. As the total common peaks area in chromatograms was set to be evaluation index, the influence on the technology caused by extraction time, ethanol concentration and liquid-to-solid ratio was studied by using single factor methodology, and the extraction technology of Paeoniae Radix Alba was optimized by using response surface methodology. The results showed that the extracting results were most affected by ethanol concentration; liquid-to-solid ratio came the second and extraction time thirdly. The optimum ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions were as follow: the ultrasonic extraction time was 20.06 min, the ethanol concentration in solvent was 72.04%, and the liquid-to-solid ratio was 53.38 mL · g(-1), the predicted value of total common peaks area was 2.1608 x 10(8). Under the extraction conditions after optimization, the total common peaks area was 2.1422 x 10(8), and the relative deviation between the measured and predicted value was 0.86%, so the optimized extraction technology for Paeoniae Radix Alba is suitable and feasible. Besides, for the purpose of extracting more sufficiently and completely, the optimized extraction technology had more advantages than the extraction method recorded in the monogragh of Paeoniae Radix Alba in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, which will come true the assessment and utilization comprehensively.
Paeonia ; chemistry ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods

Objective To observe the effect of surface electromyographic biofeedback (sEMG-BFB) combined with routine swallow training on dysphagic patients with cerebral infarction at recovery stage.Methods Fiftyone dysphagic patients with cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups:control group (26 cases) and biofeedback training group (25 cases).The control group was given routine training including orofacial function training,balloon dilatation and behavioral swallowing training,while the biofeedback training group was given behavioral swallowing training was conducted with the guidance of sEMG-BFB in addition to the routine training.Before and after the treatment,videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS) was performed to observe the opening of upper esophageal sphincter (UES).Functional oral intake scale (FOIS) was used to evaluate swallow function.Results Before treatment,there were no significant difference between the two groups in terms of FOIS score and UES opening (P ＞0.05).The FOIS score increased in both groups after treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the FOIS score was higher in the biofeedback training group than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the number of UES complete opening and incomplete opening was 18 and 8,respectively,in the control group,versus 20 and 5,respectively,in the biofeedback training group.UES opening improved in both groups after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Routine swallowing training combined with sEMG-BFB can benefit the dysphagic patients with cerebral infarction for their UES opening and swallowing ability at recovery stage.

The gene types of breast cancer can be classified into three types according to its molecules: Luminal type A, Luminal type B, HER-2-positive type, triple negative type. Authors combined pathological characteristics of breast cancer, biological characteristics, and comprehensive treatment, used syndrome typing based medication, and explored treatment meticulous ideas and methods of "treating the same disease with different methods" as well as "different treatment methods in accordance with patients individually".
Biomarkers, Tumor ; genetics ; Breast Neoplasms ; classification ; genetics ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; genetics

OBJECTIVEAn UPLC method was developed to evaluate the quality of Paeoniae Radix by simultaneously determining four components, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol in Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction pieces.

METHODThe UPLC chromatographic column was ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid water with gradient elution. The column temperature was 30 °C and detection wavelength was 230 nm with a flow rate of 0.4 mL · min(-1). A linear model was obtained through principal component analysis (PCA), and PCA scores were used to evaluate the quality of Radix Paeoniae Alba decoction pieces comprehensively.

RESULTPaeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol could be well separated from other components, and the results of specificity, precision, repeatability, linearity, recovery rate and stability reached the standards, respectively. The content of paeoniflorin in 9 batches of Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction pieces was below the standard given by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Using the comprehensive scoring method with principal component analysis, the results showed that the samples from Zhejiang province have better quality than those from Anhui and Shandong provinces.

CONCLUSIONThe method established in this study can effectively determine the content of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol, which could be used for quality control of Paeoniae Radix Alba.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Paeonia ; chemistry ; Principal Component Analysis

Background Some drugs with inhibitory effect on the proliferation of lens epithelial cells have a limiting application in clinic because of their adverse response.To screen the effective and less side-effect drug for supressing LECs growth is very inportant for the prevention and treatment of after cataract.Objective This study was to explore the effects of docetaxel on LECs growth and compare its role with epirubicin hydrochloride,pirarubicin hydrochloTide and rahitrexed.Methotis Immortalized human LECs line (SRA01/04) were cultured and passaged.Different concentrations of docetaxel,epirubicin hydrochloride,pirarubicin hydrochloride and rahitrexed were added into the medium respectively for 24.48 and 72 hours.The proliferation of LECs was detect by M1Yr.Flow cytometry analysis Was used to analyze the influence of different concentrations of docetaxel on cellular cycle at 48 hours after addition of docetaxel,and Annexin V-FITC/PI marking method was used to assesse the apoptosis of LECs under the action of docetaxel.Expression of bcl-2 protein in LECs Was evaluated by Westeru blot. Result The growth rate of LECs Wag 100%in 8-519 pmol/L doeetaxel groups with the normal cell shape.Majority of abnormal cells and low growth rate were found in 66 nmoVL docetaxel group at 48 and 72 hours.The IC50 of docetaxel was lowest in 48 and 72 hours in docetaxel group in comparison to epirubicin hydrochloride and pirarubicin hydrochloride. However,no evident inhibition on LECs growth in 23.22-523.56 μmol/L of raltitrexed.At 48 hours,the percentage of LECs in G2/M phase increased as the asccnte of concentration of docetaxel,showing a significant difference among 4 groups(F=2633.05,P＜0.01).The percentage of early apoptotic cells increased to 22.4%(χ2=20.00,P＜0.01) and 27.9%(χ2=42.68,P＜0.01)from normal control 3.1% at 48 hours after LECs exposed to 8.3 nmol/L and 266 nmol/L docetaxe.The expression of bcl-2 protein in LECs was obviously weakened after addition of docetaxel,especially 8.3 nmol/L docetaxel group. Conclusion Docetaxel,epirubicin hydrochloride and pirarubicin hydrochloride can inhibit the proliferation of human LECs in vitro.But there is no supression on LECs growth inraltitrexed.Docetaxel is proved to have a strongly arrested effect on the proliferation of LECs in comparison with epirubicin hydrochloride and pirarubicin hydrochloride and play its role at concentration-and time-dependent manner.

The practice and exploration of bilingual teaching for the course of microbiology has been made in order to improve the students foreign lingual level and to meet the higher requirement on tip-top person with the social development. As a result,bilingual teaching is welcome,and the teaching effect is so distinct that the aim was reached to either study the fundamental knowledge or enhance the English level.

To simplify the macrocyclic fragment and to modify the zinc binding group of the natural product apicidin, two series of S-hexyl (heptyl) ethanethioate derivatives were designed and synthesized. Twenty-six compounds were synthesized and confirmed with 1H NMR, IR, MS and HR-MS spectrum, which were not reported. Take vorinostat as control, their antiporliferative activities against cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and HL-60, were tested with MTT assay or trypan blue staining method. Generally in both series it was found that, the chiral carbon atom at 7 position is not necessary, compounds II-1, II-3, II-6 and II-13 showed good activity on HL-60 cells in vitro, with the IC50 values less than 10 micromol x L(-1). II-7 and II-8 showed stronger activity against MCF-7 than Vorinostat, with the IC50 of 3.19 and 6.29 micromol x L(-1), respectively.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; HL-60 Cells ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; MCF-7 Cells ; Peptides, Cyclic ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship

Objective To compare the diagnostic value of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) and 64 multi-slice spiral CT (64-MSCT) for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods Fifty-two patients with suspected or known CAD were included in the study. Each patient underwent both stress and rest MPI,MSCT as well as conventional coronary angiography (CAG) within 1 month. The stress and rest MPI were scored by a 5-grade criteria (0 ～ 4) based on 17 coronary artery segments. The difference between summed stress and rest scores ＞ 1 was defined as myocardial ischemia. Stenosis in one main vessel or one main branch of the main vessel ≥50% was defined as myocardial ischemia by MSCT. CAG was used as the reference for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13. 0 software. Kappa value was used to test the accordance of MPI and MSCT results. X2 test was used to evaluate the difference between MPI and MSCT results. Results The patient-based sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of MPI and MSCT for the diagnosis of CAD were 86.7% (26/30), 77.3% ( 17/22),83.9% (26/31), 81.0% ( 17/21), 82.7% (43/52) and 83.3% ( 25/30), 86.4% ( 19/22), 89.3%( 25/28), 79.2% ( 19/24), 84.6% (44/52), respectively. The vessel-based sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy of MPI and MSCT were 74.5% (38/51), 81.0% (85/105 ), 65.5% (38/58), 86.7% ( 85/98), 78.8% ( 123/156 ) and 90.2% (46/51 ), 88.6% ( 93/105 ),79.3 % (46/58), 94.9% (93/98), 89.1% ( 139/156), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between MPI and MSCT for either patient or lesion-based diagnosis (X2 =0.44, 0.21, both P ＞0.05 ). 96.0% (24/25) patients with both abnormal MPI and MSCT positive were valified by CAG while 83.3% (15/18) patients with both MPI and MSCT negative were excluded by CAG. Conclusions Both MPI and MSCT are reliable diagnostic modalities for CAD. They also provide complementary diagnostic value to each other.