Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Syndrome ; Vasodilator Agents ; therapeutic use

Objective To study the effectiveness of comprehensive control measures based on systematic ecological system construction to interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in hilly endemic regions in Sichuan Province ,so as to provide the ev?idence for adjustment of schistosomiasis prevention and control strategies. Methods A high endemic area of schistosomiasis, Panao Township of Dongpo District in Meishan City,was selected as a demonstration area. The comprehensive measures for schistosomiasis control with focus on systematic ecological management were implemented,and the income of residents,index?es of schistosomiasis control effect and so on were investigated before and after the intervention and the results were compared. Results The project based on systematic ecological system construction started in 2009 and 317.351 million Yuan was put into the construction. The construction included economic forest plant base(1 866.68 hm2,72.66%of the total farmland areas),eco?logical protection gardens(585.35 hm2)and so on. Totally 97.04% of historical areas with Oncomelania hupensis snails were comprehensively improved. In 2015,the peasants' pure income per capita increased 4 938 Yuan,with the average annual growth rate of 14.69%. All the farm cattle were replaced by the machine. The benefit rate of water improvement was increased by 52.84%and the coverage rate of harmless toilets increased by 18.30%. The positive rate of serological tests for schistosomiasis decreased from 7.69%to 3.50%,and the positive rate of parasitological tests decreased from 1.18%to 0. The area with snails was decreased from 23.33 hm2 to 0. The awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge and correct behavior rate of the resi? dents increased from 85.50%and 82.60%to 95.70%and 93.90%respectively. Conclusions The comprehensive schistosomia?sis control measures based on systematic ecological management are conform to the currently actual schistosomiasis prevention and control work in hilly endemic regions,and have good ecological economic benefit and schistosomiasis control effectiveness, which provide an effectively new model of prevention and control for advancing process,consolidating the effect,finally realiz?ing goal of interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis in hilly endemic regions.

Objective To understand the changes of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Sichuan Province,the upstream of Yangtze River basin,and the impact on schistosomiasis transmission in Three Gorges Reservoir area after the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir. Methods The annual reports of the schistosomiasis endemic situation in Sichuan Province from 2000-2012,the data of the schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Sichuan Province from 2001-2012,the data of the schistosomiasis sampling survey in Sichuan Province in 2001,and the relevant reference of Three Gorges Reservoir were collected. The schisto-somiasis prevalence in human and cattle,and Oncomelania hupensis snail status were investigated. The snail survey was imple-mented in Qianjin Village,Jianyang City,Sichuan Province,the nearest village to Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Results The schistosomiasis endemic situation presented a continuous declining state in Sichuan Province from 2000-2012,and reached the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission controlled in 2008. From 2012,65.07%of endemic counties reached the criteria of schis-tosomiasis transmission interrupted. From 2006,no schistosome infected snails were found. In Qianjin Village,1714 m2 environ-ments were surveyed and no snails were found. Conclusions The schistosomiasis endemic area and snail area are significantly reduced in Sichuan Province,the upstream of Yangtze River basin,after the construction of Three Gorges Reservoir. Therefore, the possibility of schistosomiasis endemic diffusing to Three Gorges Reservoir area is minimum.

Objective To establish an index system of the key factors of elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods A ques?tionnaire was designed based on the reference review,and 24 scientists working in the field of schistosomiasis control or re?search or management were investigated by using the Delphi method. The importance of each index reflecting the endemicity of schistosomiasis was scored by each scientist. The assessing system for key factors of eliminating schistosomiasis was established , and the normalized weight and combined weight were calculated. Results The assessing system included three indexes in the first grade,seven indexes in the second grade and thirteen indexes in the third grade. Among the indexes in the first grade,the normalized weights of endemicity,natural environment and social environment were 0.371 1,0.339 5,and 0.289 4,respective?ly. Among the indexes in the second grade,the economy showed the highest combined weight of 0.289 4 while the agriculture and sanitation both showed the lowest score of 0.112 7. Among the indexes in the third grade,the infection rate of animals showed the highest combined weight of 0.124 6 while the agriculture and plant structure both showed the lowest score of 0.053 0. Conclusion The indexes of the assessing system provide the scientific evidence for surveillance work when elimination of schis?tosomiasis.

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis control progress and endemic situation,so as to provide the evi?dence for formulating the strategy of schistosomiasis elimination in Sichuan Province. Methods The schistosomiasis history da?ta,working reports of schistosomiasis prevention and control,schistosomiasis surveillance data,and data of schistosomiasis pre?vention and control capacity were collected and analyzed for the schistosomiasis control progress and epidemic situation in Sich?uan Province from 2004 to 2015. Results There were 63 schistosomiasis endemic districts in 11 cities in Sichuan Province, and the standard of schistosomiasis transmission interruption was achieved in the whole province in 2015. Currently,the area with Oncomelania hupensis snails was 2 537.54 hm2,and there were 1 769 advanced schistosomiasis patients. From 2004 to 2015,the accumulated survey area with snails was 433 065.80 hm2,and the area of snail control by molluscicides was 251 259 hm2. There were 26.017 144 million person?times of schistosomiasis blood tests and 7.89 million person?times of chemotherapy. There were 1.276 117 million head?times of cattle that received the schistosomiasis examinations. The schistosomiasis patients and livestock and the area with snails were decreased year by year. Since 2010,there were no local schistosome?infected resi?dents and livestock and since 2004,there were no schistosome?infected snails. However,in some area,the professional person?nel were less,the technology and hardware lagged behind,and the schistosomiasis prevention and control capacity was weak. Conclusions Sichuan Province achieved the standard of schistosomiasis transmission interruption in 2015. In the future,the comprehensive schistosomiasis prevention and control strategy still should be strengthened,including the promotion of schistoso?miasis prevention and control capacity,establishment of sensitive early?warning surveillance system,and implementation of ac?curate schistosomiasis prevention and control,in order to consolidate the control achievements and realize the aim of schistoso?miasis elimination as soon as possible.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the frequency, sex differences and location of impacted maxillary canine in orthodontic patients.

METHODSTwo hundred and fifteen patients (77 males and 138 females) with maxillary canine impaction were included in the study. The experimental group was gathered from the Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology. CT scan images were evaluated. Chi-square test was used in the analysis.

RESULTSThe prevalence of maxillary canine impaction among Chinese orthodontic patients was 2.05%. The ratio between male and female was 1.8:1 and the ratio between buccal and palatal location was 2.1:1. Surgical exposure and orthodontic alignment had been predominant in such conditions. There was significant deference in the treatment between palatally impacted canine and buccally impacted one. More palatally impacted canines were extracted than buccally impacted ones.

CONCLUSIONSThere was significant difference in the treatment of maxillary canine impaction. More buccally impacted canines were found in Chinese patients, especially in female patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cuspid ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxilla ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; Sex Factors ; Tooth, Impacted ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDDyslipidemia, a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is common in patients with kidney disease. Recent studies discerned that dyslipidemias play a critical role in renal damage progression in renal diseases, but the association between dyslipidemias and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population remains unknown. Thus, we assessed whether the growing prevalence of dyslipidemia could increase the risk of CKD.

METHODSA total of 4779 middle-aged and elderly participants participated in this study. Dyslipidemias were defined by the 2007 Guidelines in Chinese Adults. Incident CKD was defined as albuminuria and/or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, < 60 ml×min(-1)×1.73 m(-2)). Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between dyslipidemia and albuminuria/reduced eGFR.

RESULTSParticipants with hypercholesterolemia exhibited a greater prevalence of albuminuria and reduced eGFR (10.0% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.001; 4.0% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.028, respectively). Both hypercholesterolemia and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were independently associated with albuminuria (odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08 - 2.07 and OR 1.53; 95%CI 1.13 - 2.09, respectively). The multivariable adjusted OR of reduced eGFR in participants with hypercholesterolemia was 1.65 (95%CI 1.03 - 2.65). As the number of dyslipidemia components increased, so did the OR of CKD: 0.87 (95%CI 0.65 - 1.15), 1.29 (95%CI, 0.83 - 2.01), and 7.87 (95%CI, 3.75 - 16.50) for albuminuria, and 0.38 (95%CI 0.21 - 0.69), 1.92 (95%CI 1.14 - 3.25), and 5.85 (95%CI 2.36 - 14.51) for reduced eGFR, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSOur findings indicate that dyslipidemias increase the risk of CKD in the middle-aged and elderly Chinese population. Hypercholesterolemia plays an important role in reducing total eGFR. Both low HDL-C and hypercholesterolemia are associated with an increased risk for albuminuria.

Aged ; Albuminuria ; epidemiology ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias ; complications ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; epidemiology ; etiology ; physiopathology

BACKGROUNDAntimicrobial peptides, including cathelicidin LL-37, human beta defensin (HBD)-2, and HBD-3, are important elements of the innate immune response and involved in modulation of the adaptive immunity, and they also play an important role in cutaneous defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

METHODSThe fresh skin tissues and paraffin-embedded biopsy samples from three cutaneous tuberculosis, two tuberculids, and ten healthy individuals were collected. The expressions of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 mRNA in the lesions of three cutaneous tuberculosis and two tuberculids were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; the protein expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods.

RESULTSThe expressions of LL-37 mRNA and protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin. The expression of HBD-2 mRNA had an increasing trend in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids compared with that of normal skin; however, the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis had a decreasing trend compared with that of normal skin, and the expression of HBD-2 protein in the lesions of tuberculids was similar to that of normal skin. The expressions of HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids were similar to that of normal skin.

CONCLUSIONSOur study indicated that the expression of HBD-2 and HBD-3 mRNA and protein in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis may be not consistent with that of tuberculids. However, an inherent limitation of the present study was that the sample size was small, and the roles and regulation mechanisms of LL-37, HBD-2, and HBD-3 in cutaneous tuberculosis and tuberculids need to be further investigated.

Adult ; Aged ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous ; metabolism ; beta-Defensins ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo describe the characteristic of tongue images of patients with lung cancer of different Chinese medicine (CM) syndromes and to reveal the elemental rule on the changes of the tongue images.

METHODSA total of 207 patients with lung cancer were divided into four syndrome groups according to the theory of CM: Fei and Shen deficiency syndrome (Group A, 72 cases), Pi deficiency and phlegm deficiency and phlegm) and Shen (deficiency and phlegm) deficiency syndrome (Group A, 72 cases), Pi (deficiency and phlegm) deficiency and phlegm dampness syndrome (Group B, 57 cases), phlegm-heat retention in Fei (Group C, 36 cases) and yin asthenia generating intrinsic heat syndrome (Group D, 42 cases). The tongue parameters were detected by tongue image digital analysis instrument, and the tongue images were described with qualitative, tongue color and quantitative analysis, respectively. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) L·a·b (CIELAB) color model was used for the quantitative classification.

RESULTSThere was a significant statistical difference between different syndrome groups of lung cancer on tongue color, coating color, and thickness of tongue coating (P<0.01), and there was significant statistical difference between the four syndrome groups on Lab values of the tongue and coating (P<0.05). The correct identification rate of discriminant function on the raw data was 65.7%, including 72.2% for Group C, 69.4% for Group A, 69.0% for Group D and 54.4% for Group B.

CONCLUSIONSA tongue image digital analysis instrument can objectively describe the tongue features of patients with different syndromes of lung cancer. The tongue diagnosis is very important to syndrome differentiation in CM. Tongue diagnosis should be combined with some important characteristics of syndromes in the future to establish a "combination of four examination methods, including inspection, auscultation, interrogation, and pulse-feeling and palpation" in the tongue diagnostic system.

Color ; Discriminant Analysis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Tongue

OBJECTIVETo study the pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis of Castleman's disease.

METHODSHistopathology, immunohistochemical staining and clinical courses of 26 cases of Castleman's disease (CD) were studied with follow-up study of 16 cases.

RESULTSThe present study included 6 cases of multicentric type, 20 cases of localized type in the clinical aspects and 19 cases with hyaline vascular type, 4 cases with plasma cell type, 3 cases with mixed type in the histologic aspect. The Multicentric type presented systemic lymphadenopathy, anemia, hyperglobulinemia, hepatosplenomegaly, skin changes, and lung disorder and kidney disfunction, of which 1 case died of respiratory and renal insufficiency. 13 of the 20 localized cases were of the hyaline vascular type, and with good prognosis. 7 of the 20 cases showed paraneoplastic pemphigus associated with hyperglobulinemia (4/7) and lung disease (5/7). The pathologic features composed of proliferation of the mantle zone B cell, follicular dendritic cell, plasma cell and small vessels. In immunohistochemical staining, kappa and lambda light chains were detected in each CD case.

CONCLUSIONSMany diseases are similar to CD clinicopathologically. It is important to make differential diagnosis through pathological study. Castleman's disease is a lymphoproliferative disorder. The pathogenesis of this multicentric disorder may be associated with autoimmune disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD20 ; analysis ; Castleman Disease ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Immunohistochemistry ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; analysis ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pemphigus ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome