The authors analysed 196 cases of convulsive disorder in children who were admitted to the pediatric department of Kyunghee Hospital from June 1993. Blood samples were drawn immediately following seizures on arrival. Serum prolactin values were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Mean serum prolactin value was 55.4+/-20.8ng/ml in generalized seizures within 1 hr following seizures, 22.5+/-3.9ng/ml in partial seizures. There was a significant difference between generalized scizures and partial scizures (p<0.05). 2) Mean serum prolactin value was 23.5+/-9.7ng/ml in generalized seizures within 1~3 hrs following seizures, 10.4+/-4.9ng/ml in partial seizures. There was a significant difference between generalized seizures and partial seizures (p<0.05). 3) Mean serum prolactin value was 9.5+/-4.4ng/ml in generalized seizures 3 hrs following seizures, 9.8+/-4.8ng/ml in partial seizures. There was no significant difference between generalized seizures and partial seizures (p>0.05). We found transient hyperprolactinemia following generalized seizures but a little change following gartial seizures. Postictal elevation of serum prolactin may represent a biochemical marker of generalized and partial seizures.
Biomarkers ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Prolactin* ; Radioimmunoassay ; Seizures

No abstract available.
Humans ; Parents* ; Siblings*

Although a lot of articles examining concomitant intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy have been presented, we have not found any reports on ectopic implantation of chorionic villi in the vagina with normal intrauterine pregnancy. We experienced a case of chorionic villi on the vaginal wall as a hemorrhagic mass during the second trimester of pregnancy. A pregnant woman (gestational age of 16 weeks and 1 day) visited our hospital due to vaginal bleeding. There was no abnormal finding except vaginal hemorrhagic mass, and the mass revealed a product of conception.
Chorion* ; Chorionic Villi* ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second* ; Pregnancy* ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnant Women ; Uterine Hemorrhage ; Vagina

PURPOSE: To evaluate the findings and the role of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in avascular necrosis of femoral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with avascular necrosis of femoral head were examined with MRI. Tl-weighted and T2-weighted images and contrast-enhanced Tl-weighted images were obtained. Enhancing characteristics of the necrotic area and synovium were determined. Also a change of the disease extent after enhancement was assessed. RESULTS: Twenty seven avascular necrosis of the femoral head including 11 cases of bilateral lesion were detected. Fifteen cases revealed collapse of the femoral head. The portions of the lesion with low signal intensity on Tl-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images showed contrast enhancement in 15 cases. However, the portions with low signal intensities both on T1 and T2-weighted images showed enhancement in one case. There was no significant change of the disease extent after enhancement. Synovium showed enhancement in 18 cases, and joint effusion was detected in 23 cases. CONCLUSION: Contrast enhanced MR images may be helpful in predicting histopathologic findings of avascular necrosis of the femoral head, but not useful for evaluating the extent of disease.
Head* ; Humans ; Joints ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Necrosis* ; Synovial Membrane

No abstract available.
Endocarditis* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic*

No abstract available.
Cicatrix* ; Endometriosis* ; Episiotomy* ; Female

Ovarian tumor in pregnancy is not rare and benign cystic teratoma is most common ovarian tumor in pregnancy. Most ovarian tumor in pregnancy is found at first and second trimester but sometimes found at third trimester and it is difficult to make a decision for management. Moreover physician should consider fetal age and mother's condition, and weigh outcome of operation for complicated ovarian tumor in pregnancy. Torsion of ovarian tumor is not an uncommon complication during first trimester of pregnancy and puerperium but rare occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy. We have experienced a case of torsion of benign cystic teratoma of ovary which occurred at 37 weeks gestation in a 25 year-old woman. So we report this case with a brief review of literature.
Adult ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Impetigo* ; Ovary ; Postpartum Period ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnancy* ; Teratoma

No abstract available.
Down Syndrome* ; Heart Defects, Congenital*

PURPOSE: To establish the optimal inclusion criteria for the patients with gallbladder stones to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL) by retrospectively analyzing our current results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data obtained from 201 patients with gallbladder stones treated with ESWL and oral chemolytic agent from November 1989 to July 1992 were restroepectively analyzed. Ninety-six had radiolucent stones and 105 had radiopaque stones. We used piezoelectric lithotriptor(EDAP LT. 01) and there were no limitation in number of sessions or total number of shock waves. ESWL was repeated until the size of the largest fragment is smaller than 4 mm. Follow up ultrasound was done in every three months after the successful fragmentation. Average length of the follow up was 205 days. We analyzed the rate of successful fragmentation, number of shock waves needed to achieve successful fragmentation according to the size, number of stones as well as the presence of the calcification. Stone-free rate after 6 months was also calculated from all subgroups and compared to each other. RESULTS: The rate of successful fragmentation was 76.2% for radiolucent stones and 66.6% for radiopaque stones(p > 0.05) after 46,731 and 56,111 shock waves respectively(p > 0.05). The rate of successful fragmentation was highest in patients with single, radiolucent stone smaller than 2cm(91.7%) followed by single radiolucent stone larger than 2cm(83.3%), multiple calcified stones smaller than 2cm(77.4%) and single calcified stone smaller than 2cm(72.1%). The rate of complete stone clearance after 6 month follow-up was highest in patients with single radiolucent stone smaller than 2cm(63.3%) and followed by multiple calcified stones smaller than 2cm(37.3%), single calcified stone smaller than 2cm(33.9%)(p <0.05). CONCLUSION: To obtain better results with ESWL in patients with gallbladder stone, the authors propose a more strict inclusion criteria, which is the patient with a single, radiolucent stone smaller than 2cm.
Follow-Up Studies ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock ; Ultrasonography

This study was designed to investigate effectiveness of fragmentation during lithotripsy using 103 intrahepatic stones collected from 10 patients. Who had previously undergone biliary surgery. The size of each stones was measured and sonography was performed for the evaluation of the sonographic type of the stones. In vitro lithotripsy was performed on individual stones using piezoelectric lithotriptor to evaluate the fragmentation rate and average number of shock waves for fragmentation. Chemical analysis of each stone was done to determine chemical composition including calcium, bilirubin, and cholesterol. The size of the stones was from 5mm to 20 mm in diameter. Sonographic type I(echo of whole stone with posterior acoustic shadow) was 68, and type II(are-like strong surface echo of stone with clear posterior acoustic shadow) was 35 in number. The majority(78%) of stones I group 1 (5-9mm in diameter) showed sonographic type I characteristics, and 62% of stones in group 3(larger than 15mm in diameter) showed sonographic type Ii characteristics. There was a positive correlation between the size and sonographic type of stones. Fragmentation rates of stones were 100% in group 1. 71.9% in group 2 (10-15 mm in diameter), 43.8% in group 3. Respectively. Fragmentation rates of stones with sonographic type I and II were 91.2%, 65.7%. respectively. The average number of shock waves for partial and complete fragmentation was 2753±4937 and 6219±10133. Respectively. There was a positive correlation between the number of shock waves for fragmentation and diameter of stones (r=0.618. p<0.05). There was no correlation between the number of shock waves for fragmentation and chemical composition of stones. In conclusion, the most important variable determining the degree of fragmentation of intrahepatic stones using ESWL is not their chemical composition but their size and sonographic characteristics.
Acoustics ; Bilirubin ; Calcium ; Cholesterol ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques* ; Lithotripsy* ; Shock* ; Ultrasonography