There are multiple sophisticated approaches that can be used in estimations on health effects resulting from environmental pollution. By comparison, human capital approach and averted expenditure approach are not suitable to be the first choice because of the insufficient capability of capturing all aspects of health effects. Date availability and estimation extrapolation limit the application of hedonic wage approach and hedonic price approach. It has been accepted universally for the flexible technique provided by contingent valuation approach that any health effects can be separately evaluated depending on researchers' purposes. Based on the powerful macroeconomic theory, general equilibrium theory, the CGE model is powerful to simulate the mechanism of interaction between multi-sectors with a national economic system so as to objectively reflect the health impacts on national economy due to environmental pollution.

To suit the needs of educating medical talents in knowledge economy times,quality-oriented education idea should be introduced in biochemistry teaching. In the article, the author explored the effective paths of promoting the students' quality in biochemistry teaching on many respects such as the improvement of teachers' comprehensive ability, biochemistry teaching in class and supplementary class as well as application of multi- media technique, in order to generally boost the educational quality and reach the goal of medical personnel training.

The rational prescription evaluation is important for improving the medical quality and ensuring prescription safety.For the last few years, the health authorities have issued a series of files in order to regulate clini-cal medical conducts, and reduce the irrational prescription.Hospitals are also paying more attention to the rational medicine evaluation.The evaluation is likely to be doubted and resisted for the difference of evaluation personnel, e-valuation personnel quality and evaluation criterion.Therefore, the smooth development of hospital rational prescrip-tion evaluation need to adopt effective management measures, which is connected with responsibilities, guaranteed by rewards and punishments and based on actualities, and establish various evaluation management mechanism to ensure continuous correction and updating at work.

BCR/ABL negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms including three diseases,namely polycythemia veta,essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis.Progresses have been made in the study of these dieases in children following the development of that in adult,especially the research of molecular pathogenesis.Differences exist in clinical and molecular characteristics between children and adult BCR/ABL negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms.There are specific characteristics in the diagnoses and treatment of childhood myeloproliferative neoplasms.This paper reviews the characteristics of childhood BCR/ABL negative classical myeloproliferative neoplasms in clinical and molecular features,diagnoses and treatment.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in a newly built rehabilitation hospital.Methods A prospective survey was adopted to monitor HAI among all patients admitted to a newly built rehabilitation hospital between January 2011 and December 2014, related data were collected and analyzed statistically.Results A total of 22 126 patients (male,n=12 023;female, n=10 103)were monitored,age were 4 months-100 years old.HAI rate was 3.25%(n=720),HAI case rate was 3.34% (n=738).Patients in department of spinal rehabilitation had the highest HAI rate (9.76%);the main HAI site was lower respiratory tract (n = 388,52.57%);a total of 186 pathogenic isolates were detected,154 (82.80%)were gram-negative bacteria,25 (13.44%)were gram-positive bacteria,and 7 (3.76%)were fungi. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that paralysis (OR,1 .77 [95% CI ,1 .24 - 2.53 ]),length of hospital stay ≥60 days(OR,4.62 [95% CI ,3.28 -5.10]),age ≤ 10 years old (OR,1 .55 [95% CI ,1 .33 -2.93]),age ≥60 years old (OR,4.59 [95% CI ,1 .02-20.59]),chronic underlying diseases(OR,1 .56 [95% CI , 1 .37-11 .34]),invasive procedure (OR,3.33 [95% CI ,1 .21 -6.86]),and coma(OR,6.77 [95% CI ,5.41 -7.05])were major risk factors for HAI in patients in the rehabilitation hospital.Conclusion Investigation on newly built rehabilitation hospital is helpful for realizing the occurrence status of HAI,health care workers can carry out the corresponding prevention and control measures.

Objective: To investigate the effect of salt stress at different concentrations on the accumulative contents of glycyrrhizic acid and five components and their correlations. Methods: Annual Glycyrrhiza uralensis cultivated in the plastic flowerpot was treated with salt at different concentrations (3, 6, and 9 mg/mL). The contents of glycyrrhizic acid, total sugar, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat and ash were determined after 35, 70, and 105 d treatment. The proportional relationships of five components and the correlation of glycyrrhizinic acid and five components were analyzed. Results: On 70 d after the treatment of 6 and 9 mg/mL salt solution, the glycyrrhizic acid content was extremely higher than that in control group. Crude protein in the treatment groups of 6 and 9 mg/mL salt solution increased significantly compared with that in control group. While total sugar content decreased significantly compared with that in control group. On 105 d, crude fat content in the treatment group of 9 mg/mL salt solution was extremely higher than that in control group. And on 70 and 105 d, the crude fat proportion in the treatment group of 9 mg/mL salt solution was extremely higher than that in control group, while the total sugar proportion was extremely lower than that in control group. The correlation analysis showed that glycyrrhizic acid content had a positive correlation with the content of crude fat and ash, while had a negative correlation with total sugar on 70 and 105 d. Conclusion: The accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid is closely related to proportion of crude protein, total sugar , crude fat and ash content. The proper salt stress could stimulate sugar metabolisms and accelerate the decomposition of the substance. All of these could promote the secondary metabolism and make the formation and accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid.

The public hospital non-administration action is a strong power push to deepen the public hospital reform, also as an important goal of the institution reform, which has great significance. It introduces the goal of public hospital administrative, analyzes the key problems to be solved in the process of administration and puts forward the concrete path to the administration.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of metformin and insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus(DM) patients and their effects on neonates.Methods From August 2012 to October 2016,60 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus were divided into control group(n=30) and observation group(n=30) by random number method.The control group was treated with insulin and the observation group was treated with metformin on the basis of the control group.The clinical effect and the effect on neonatal were compared between the two groups.Results The level of glycosylated hemoglobin in the observation group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).In the observation group,the levels of fasting plasma glucose,postprandial blood glucose 2 hours after meals and 4 hours postprandial blood glucose were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the levels of CysC and Hcy between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).The incidence of fetal distress,respiratory distress,macrosomia and the incidence of premature delivery were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The amount of insulin in the observation group was less than that in the control group(P<0.05).The level of CysC and Hcy in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with insulin therapy,metformin could improve the outcome of neonatal patients,which might be worthy to be popularized and used in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Starting from the experiment of Zhenjiang Rehabilitation Group in establishing a tightly-organized medical association,the authors detailed the practices and outcomes of the group in deepening the system and mechanism reforms,promoting the hierarchical medical system,and other reforms of public hospitals.Key roadblocks and causes were identified,with reform measures proposed as well.

Building a contemporary hospital management system is inevitable in the reform and development of public hospitals in China.With a background introduction to public hospital reform in major countries and China,this article named the goals and analyzed the main problems in the establishment of a contemporary hospital management system.On such basis,the authors proposed the roadmap to establish such a system.