OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of tumor suppressor genes, p53 and Rb gene, as well as apoptosis in the carcinogenesis of ovarian epithelial tumors. And the value of these factors as prognostic markers to tell the transformation of borderline tumors to overt carcinomas is also studied. METHOD: Thirty cases of ovarian epithelial benign and borderline tumors and invasive carcinoma were used and the expression of the p53 protein and Rb gene protein were evaluated by immunohistochemical method. The apoptosis was evaluated by TUNNEL method. RESULTS: Positive rate of p53 expression in benign, borderline and invasive tumors were 0, 28, and 94 %, respectively. And also, p53 was highly expressed in chemoresistant cases (2/3), in residual tumor (4/5) and in recurred cancer (2/2). Rb protein was partly lost in the borderline tumors, but the rate of Rb protein loss in both borderline tumors and invasive carcinomas were similar. Apoptosis were more active in overt carcinomas than in borderline and benign tumors. In borderline tumors, p53 protein was expressed as 28.6% positivity, and apoptosis was expressed as 28.6% negativity, which showed indirectly that there was apoptosis induction effect of p53. In ten cases of invasive carcinomas showing highly expressed p53, apoptosis revealed all positive reaction except 2 cases, and Rb protein revealed variously. This result supported the apoptosis imduction effect of p53, but it was difficult to find the association of expression degree between the two tumor supressor genes CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the values of p53 is a discriminating factor of malignancy from benign and the expression of p53 is related with clinical aggressivity such as recurrence and residual cancers. Apoptosis are more active in overt carcinoma than in benign & borderline tumor, and in borderline tumor the expression of p53 is related to apoptosis induction which results to carcinomatous change.
Apoptosis* ; Carcinogenesis ; Genes, Retinoblastoma* ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Recurrence ; Retinoblastoma Protein

The research objective was to identify the effect of various instruction media on improving students' foodservice management competencies and for increasing class satisfaction. The research involved a comparison of two student groups. One group consisted of students who attended a lecture-based food purchasing class (Group A). The other group was students who attended the same class, and who also used various media as well as receiving the lecture Group B). The results were as follows: 1) After a 16 week program, Group B perceived their procurement management competencies to be higher than those of Group A, especially in setting up purchasing goals, marketing research, and using computer systems for procurement; 2) In terms of class satisfaction, it was also observed that Group B was more satisfied with food purchasing class than was Group A. Group B gave high scores, especially in effective utilization media, increasing motivation, and understanding; 3) Group B perceived that various instruction media was helpful for developing their procurement management competencies. Respondents evaluated the usefulness of media in the following order: using Power Point, watching videos, visiting web-sites for food purchasing class, and surfing the World Wide Web. The results of the research show that using various instruction media for food purchasing classes would improve students' foodservice management competencies. Therefore, instructors who teach foodservice management related courses should consider developing teaching strategies that apply various instruction media for students to enhance their foodservice management competencies and to increase class satisfaction.
Computer Systems ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; Internet ; Marketing ; Motivation

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice* ; Spermatozoa*

No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Facial Nerve* ; Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome*

Authors reviewed 21 cases of unstable intra-articular fractures of the distal radius treated with open reduction and internal fixation to improve anatomical and functional results during March 1990 to May 1993 at Dong-A University Hospital. The following results were obtained; 1. The most common injury type was type VIII(9 cases) according to Frykman's classification, type C,(8 cases) according to AO classification, and open fractures were 4 cases. 2. Twelve cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with external fixator and 9 cases were treated with open reduction and internal fixation with cast. 3. According to demerit point rating system, excellent to good results were obtaned in 76.2%. In cases of external fixator application, excellent and good results were 88.3%, compared to 66.7% in cases of cast application. 4. In last follow-up examination, the mean loss of radial length was 0.9mm(10.0%) in cases of cast, but 0.3mm(3.3%) in cases of external fixator, the mean loss of radial inclination was 2.7° (16.7%) and 1.8° (11.0%) respectively, the mean loss of volar tilt was 2.9° (19.6%) and 2.4° (16.4%) respectively, and there were statistical significances in all three parameters between the external fixator group and the cast group(p < 0.05). 5. Open reduction and internal fixation, combined with external fixation was thought to be a better method than open reduction and internal fixation with cast for the treatment of unstable comminuted fractures of the distal radius, because that was more comfortable and convenient to patients and useful to prevent late displacement or collapse of fractures.
Classification ; External Fixators ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Humans ; Intra-Articular Fractures ; Methods ; Radius

Giant cell tumor of the spine is a rare and potentially malignant condition which presents rather difficult clinical problems in treatment because of their localization and unpredictable clinical course. Authors experienced a case of giant cell tumor involving third lumbar vertebra which was successfully treated by ea bloc resection and anterior interbody fusion of the adjoining vertebrae with iliac bone graft. At eighteen months follow up, there is no evidence of recurrence and solid union of the bone graft was noted.
Follow-Up Studies ; Giant Cell Tumors ; Giant Cells ; Recurrence ; Spine ; Transplants

It is not well known how the un-operated contralateral hand behaves in bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS). Out of 324 CTS patients, we studied 20 who had carpal tunnel release on one hand only, in order to evaluate the postoperative outcome of the un-operated contralateral hand in bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome. All 324 patients were subject to clinical and electrodiagnostic studies on both hands. This study group was composed of patients who had bilateral CTS, diagnosed clinically and electrophysiologically, but who had surgery done only on the hand with the most pronounced symptoms. The results of the electrodiagnosis were categorized according to the severity of median nerve damage (mild, moderate, severe). The decision for surgery was based on clinical assessment and electrodiagnostic study. The outcome and postoperative clinical course of the un-operated contralateral hand were evaluated by EMG and telephone survey. This method of survey was used because of the patients' residence area spread throughout the country. Within one year, all 20 operated hands showed significant improvement. Regarding progress of the un-operated contralateral hand, 10 patients showed improvement of one grade, while five patients showed three grades of improvements. In five other patients, there was no change whatsoever. The postoperative EMG findings of the un-operated contralateral hand did not commensurate with the symptoms. However, regardless of EMG results, the un-operated contralateral hand showed improvement that was of statistical significance(p < 0.0001).
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Electrodiagnosis ; Hand* ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Telephone

A variety of treatments has been used to correct long forehead and frontal alopecia. These include forehead reduction (scalp reduction), hair graft and flap transfer. Among these procedures, forehead reduction (scalp reduction) is the most simple and effective method. In this procedure, various fixation techniques of scalp flap to cranial bone are used to prevent retraction of the scalp. We used Sherlock (or Piranha) screw to anchor the scalp flap to cranial bone. Between August 1998 and May 2000, this technique had been performed for 37 patients. Average follow-up period was 15 months. For forehead reduction (scalp reduction), the scalp was elevated back to the occipital region through a pretrichial incision, and relaxation incisions of galea was made at a right angle to the vector of advancement. The Sherlock (or Piranha) screw was fixed to the cranial bone. The entire scalp was then repositioned anteriorly, advancing the hairline caudally and shortening the forehead. Retraction of the scalp was prevented by anchoring the galeal fascia to the cranial bone using Sherlock (or Piranha) screws. This technique allows sufficient advancement of the scalp and a tension-free closure. Postoperatively scar widening was less than that of other methods. There were not any infection, hematoma, hair loss nor permanent paresthesia on scalp. In 2 cases, screws were palpable and we removed a screw for 1 case. Advantages of using Sherlock (or Piranha) screw are that the procedure is easy and simple, and sufficient advancement of the scalp, tension-free closure, and less scar widening can be achieved. Disadvantages of this procedure include cost of screw and palpability of screw. In conclusion, by using Sherlock (or Piranha) screw, the procedure was simple and we could get aesthetically good results.
Alopecia ; Cicatrix ; Fascia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forehead* ; Hair ; Hematoma ; Humans ; Paresthesia ; Relaxation ; Scalp* ; Sutures* ; Transplants

Hyponatremia is frequently seen in intracranial hemorrhagic patients and has been often attributed to inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. But in recent years, a number of studies have shown that hyponatremia in many patients with intracranial disease may actually be caused by cerebral salt wasting (CSW) syndrome and circulating Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) are probably involved. This report describes a patient who developed bacterial meningites caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa and CSW syndrome after removal of pituitary adenoma. CSW syndrome resolved by fluid and salt replacement after 4 months.
Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Meningitis* ; Meningitis, Bacterial ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Pituitary Neoplasms* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pseudomonas* ; Wasting Syndrome*

Neonatal Gaves disease is a relatively rare condition due to transplacental passage of Thyroid-stimulating antibody(TSAb) from a mother with active or inactive Graveses disease or autoimmune thyroiditis. A 11-day-old female newborn was referred to our department of pediatrics from a local clinic because of low level T4(3.55microg/dl) concurrent with high level TSH (501.74uIU/ml) on the 5th day neonatal metabolic screening. But, our repeated laboratory data showed very high serum T4(59.6microg/dl), T3(1,600ng/dl), suppressed TSH(0.43uIU/ml), and the presence of TSH receptor antibody. Her mother was treated with propylthiouracil(PTU) for Graves disease during pregnancy. Therefore, we thought it was a delayed-onset neonatal hyperthyroidism, because the fetal thyroid gland was initially suppressed by antithyroid drug taken during pregnancy. After initiating antithyroid drug therapy for the hyperthyroid nature, TSH levels became elevated again, while thyroid hormone levels decreased. Maternal and infant blood samples at the 23th day after birth were examined for serum autoantibodies directed towards the TSH receptor(Thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin:TBII, Thyroid-stimulating antibody:TSAb, Thyroid-stimulating blocking antibody:TSBAb) and high levels of TBII and TSAb were detected. About 2 months after birth, TBII and TSAb decreased within normal limit, and then we could stop antithyroid medication in safety. We report here a case of neonatal Graveses disease with very high level of T4 and T3, but firstly presented as hypothyroid nature on neonatal screening because of the maternally transferred antithyroid drug, PTU.
Autoantibodies ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Graves Disease ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Mothers ; Neonatal Screening ; Parturition ; Pediatrics ; Pregnancy ; Receptors, Thyrotropin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune