CI-581(a phencyclidine derivative), a new potent, short-acting nonbarbiturate was administered to 101 patients, ranging in age from 2 months to 68 years, either intravenously, intramuscularly, or by a combination of the two routes. An intravenous dose of 1 to 2 mg per kg of body weight produced surgical anesthesia within 30 seconds, and adequate operating condition lasted for 5 to 20 minutes. With the onset of anesthesia, eyes usually opened and extremities became relaxed. However, pharyngeal and laryngeal reflexes remained active, and airway remained patent without benefit of manual support or the insertion of a mechanical airway. The pulse rate usually increased and the blood pressure rose sometimes to undesirable levels following intravenous administration, To achieve surgical anesthesia by intramuscular route a dose of 5 to 10 mg per kg was required. Surgical anesthesia developed in 3 to 5 minutes and lasted for 20 to 30 minutes. Some of the patients remembered the experience of dream which was of colorful and cheerful nature. There was no serious postoperative complications. CI-581 seemed useful to produce anesthesia for short procedures particularly in infants and children with intramuscular administration.
Administration, Intravenous ; Anesthesia ; Blood Pressure ; Body Weight ; Child ; Dreams ; Extremities ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Infant ; Ketamine* ; Phencyclidine ; Postoperative Complications ; Reflex

No abstract available.
Stents

Maternal and feta! effects of anesthesia for 100 Cesarean sections, performed during the past two-and-half year period in this hospital, have been evaluated. It is emphasized that the selection of anesthetic agent and method should depend upon the physical status of the patients and the ability of both obstetrician and anesthesiologists.
Anesthesia ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

To two patients suffering from intractable upper abdominal pain associated with recurrent carcinomatosis following previous gastrectcmy, 10 per cent saline solution was administered through an indwelling epidural (T 7-8) catheter. The results are as follows: 1) The method effectively relieved the pain in both patients. 2) The durations of pain relief were variable. It is noteworthy, however, that the method is. remarkably effective in relieving intractable pain associated with incurable malignancies. 3) The pain accompanying saline injection could be modified by prior administration of xylocaine through the same catheter. 4) The method was simple without complications, hence ambulatory application was possible.
Abdominal Pain ; Carcinoma ; Catheters ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Methods ; Pain, Intractable* ; Sodium Chloride

Authors experienced a 6-year-old patient who developed strabismus and amblyopia due to a facial hemangioma obscuring the visual axis. The patient recovered success fully strabismus surgery and occlusion therapy.
Amblyopia* ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Child ; Hemangioma* ; Humans ; Strabismus*

The present study was designed to investigate the effects renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), endothelin (ET) and local natriuretic peptide (NP) system for glomerulopathy induced in the experimental bilateral ureteral obstructive rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats (200~220 g body weight) were bilaterally obstructed by ligation of the proximal ureters for 24 hours. Control rats were treated in the same ways, except that no ligature was made. The glomeruli were isolated from cortex by graded sieve methods, and the mRNA expressions of local renin-angiotensin system (RAS), aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and NP system were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Following the bilateral ureteral obstruction, the mRNA expressions of renin, angiotensin converting enzyme 1 as well as ET-1 were increased, while that of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 was not changed. The expressions of CYP11B2 and angiotensin II receptors were not changed. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) expression was increased, while its receptors (natriuretic peptide receptor-B) were not changed. We suggest that the upregulation of local RAS and ET play a role in the progressive glomerular injury, and that the enhanced CNP activity also plays a compensatory role in obstructive uropathy in the glomerulus.
Aldosterone Synthase ; Animals ; Endothelin-1 ; Endothelins* ; Humans ; Ligation ; Male ; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type* ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptors, Angiotensin ; Renin ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; RNA, Messenger ; Up-Regulation* ; Ureter* ; Ureteral Obstruction*

The present study was designed to investigate the protein expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and guanylyl cyclase (GC) activity in ischemia/perfusion (I/R) renal injury in rats. Renal I/R injury was experimentally induced by clamping the both renal pedicle for 40 min in Sprague-Dawley male rats. The renal expression of NOS isoforms was determined by Western blot analysis, and the activity of guanylyl cyclase was determined by the amount of guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) formed in response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), NO donor. I/R injury resulted in renal failure associated with decreased urine osmolality. The expression of inducible NOS (iNOS) was increased in I/R injury rats compared with controls, while endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression was decreased. The urinary excretion of NO metabolites was decreased in I/R injury rats. The cGMP production provoked by SNP was decreased in the papilla, but not in glomerulus. These results indicate an altered regulation of NOS expression and guanylyl cyclase activity in I/R-induced nephropathy.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Constriction ; Guanosine ; Guanylate Cyclase* ; Humans ; Male ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Nitroprusside ; Osmolar Concentration ; Protein Isoforms ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renal Insufficiency ; Tissue Donors

The collecting duct endothelin (ET) system, which involves ET-1 and its two receptors, may play a role in the regulation of renal sodium in association with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system. We determined whether sodium retention is associated with changes in the endothelin and NOS systems at different stages (i.e., a sodium retaining stage and a compensatory stage) of nephrotic syndromes. On day 7 after puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) injection, urinary sodium excretion was decreased, ascites had developed, and there was a positive sodium balance. ET-1 mRNA expression was increased in the inner medulla of the kidney, whereas protein expression of ET receptor type B (ET(B)R) was unchanged. The expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS) was decreased in the inner medulla. On day 14, urinary sodium excretion was unchanged compared with controls. The expression of ET(B)R increased, while nNOS expression in the inner medulla was comparable to controls. These findings suggest that decreased nNOS plays a role in the development of sodium retention in the nephrotic syndrome. Recovery of nNOS and increased renal ET(B)R synthesis may promote sodium excretion in later stages of the nephrotic syndrome (on day 14).
Ascites ; Endothelins ; Kidney ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Neurons ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; Puromycin ; Puromycin Aminonucleoside ; Receptors, Endothelin ; Retention (Psychology) ; RNA, Messenger ; Sodium

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is an idiopathic histioproliferative disorder of lymph node and extranodal site. Bone involvement is very rare. We report a case of extranodal RDD of the tibia in 32-year old male. The patient presented with pain with no evidence of lymphadenopathy. Clinico-radiologic diagnosis was metastatic carcinoma or Langerhans cell histiocytosis, but, histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis with RDD. We performed curettage on the osteolytic lesion of tibia. In South Korea, there was no report about RDD of the extremity and we want to report this case with review of the literature.
Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Histiocytosis, Sinus* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Tibia*

Peliosis hepatis is an uncommon condition of blood-filled cystic cavities in the liver. Although it is difficult to distinguish this condition from hepatic malignancy or abscess in computed tomography (CT), differential diagnosis is important because it doesn't need further evaluation or treatment such as liver biopsy or surgery. We report a case of peliosis hepatis in a patient with active pulmonary tuberculosis in hemodialysis patient. A 39-year-old man receiving hemodialysis for 3 months was admitted because of fever. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed multiple necrotic lymphadenopathies and nodular lesion in right upper lobe of the lung suggesting active pulmonary tuberculosis. Three low attenuated lesions were shown in both hepatic lobes in abdominal CT. Liver biopsy was performed. The histopathologic diagnosis of peliosis hepatis in the liver was made by a blood-filled space with fibrin and hemorrhage. After anti-tuberculosis therapy, hepatic low attenuated lesions disappeared.
Abscess ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fever ; Fibrin ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Peliosis Hepatis ; Renal Dialysis ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary