No abstract available.
Gallbladder ; Gallbladder Neoplasms

Childhood narcolepsy is one of the underdiagnosed diseases even the first symptoms often appear in childhood. Making diagnosis through history taking is not always easy because the symptoms of childhood narcolepsy are different from those of adulthood. Diagnostic laboratory tests such as sleep studies, tests for human leukocyte antigens, cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin measurement should be considered when the child has excessive daytime sleepiness without cataplexy. Treatment approach should be start as early as possible to avoid secondary academic, emotional difficulties. Both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, and close cooperation between parents and school teachers should be maintained. In the near future, childhood narcolepsy can be a key to understand the pathogenesis of narcolepsy.
Cataplexy ; Child ; HLA Antigens ; Humans ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Narcolepsy ; Neuropeptides ; Parents ; Orexins

No abstract available.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Child* ; Constipation* ; Encopresis* ; Humans

A gastrofiberscopic evaluation was performed on 65 children complaining of upper gastrointestinal symptoms who visited the pediatric department of Hanil hospital from March 1991 to September 1992. Gastrofiberscopy was done without local anesthesia of pharynx and heavy sedation. To identify H. pylori infection, biopsy specimen was taken from the gastric antrum since Feb. 1992. The specimens were examined using the rapid urease test and Giemsa stain. The results were as follows: 1) Twenty nine patients were male, 36 patients were female. The frequency of age distribution was 6% in 3~5 years, 42% in 6~10 years and 52% in 11~15 years. The most of cases were between 11~15 years of age(52%). 2) The indications were recurrent abdominal pain(40%), epigastric pain(34%), hematemesis(14%), abnormal UGI series(10%) and severe vomiting(2%) 3) Among 26 patients with recurrent abdominal pain, gastrofiberscopy showed acute superficial gastritis in 6 patients and duodenitis in 4. The rest of the patients were normal(16 patients). With regard to epigastric pain, out of 21 patients 7 showed acute gastritis and 4 patients had duodenitis. The rest 10 patients were normal. Of 9 patients examined endoscopically for upper GI bleeding, no focus of bleeding were identified in 2 patients. The remaining 7 patients were bleeding from acute gastritis (3 patients), gastric ulcer (1), duodenal ulcer (2) and esophageal varix (1). The majority of the patients who had some abnormality on UGI series was endoscopically normal (7/8) and only one patient had duodenitis. The patient with severe vomiting was normal. 4) Among 21 patients H. pylori infection was found in 6 patients (29%). Gastrofiberscopic findings were normal in 4 patients, duodenal ulcer in 1 and acute gastritis in 1 patient. Gastric biopsy findings in H. pylori infected patients were chronic active gastritis in 4 patients and normal in 1 patient. 5) There were no serious complications during the endoscopic procedure. It was concluded that upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was useful means of identifying the upper gastrointestinal pathology in children with upper GI symptoms. As a result of better understanding and technological advances, a changing trend of wider and more rational application of the procedure is evident.
Abdominal Pain ; Age Distribution ; Anesthesia, Local ; Azure Stains ; Biopsy ; Child* ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Duodenitis ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Female ; Gastritis ; Helicobacter pylori ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Pathology ; Pharynx ; Pyloric Antrum ; Stomach Ulcer ; Urease ; Vomiting

Sleep problems and disorders are common in patients with cancer. Sleep of the cancer patients is affected by various factors, including thermoregulatory changes associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, cancer related symptoms, such as pain, fatigue, and emotional difficulties. As one of the most common symptoms in cancer patients, fatigue is positively correlated with sleep difficulties. Cytokine is also frequently associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It provokes excessive daytime sleepiness and hypersomnia. Medications for controlling pain, depression, and anxiety can affect sleep of the cancer patients. Medications as well as behavior therapy are reported to be effective for controlling sleep problems, and the physicians need to be accustomed to use the modalities appropriately. This paper reviews causative factors, evaluation, and management of sleep problems and disorders, experienced by cancer patients.
Anxiety ; Behavior Therapy ; Depression ; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence ; Fatigue ; Humans ; Sleep Wake Disorders

No abstract available.
Diet* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Incidence* ; Infant*

Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 is a genetic renal tubular disease of salt wasting, presenting in young infants. Tubular unresponsiveness to elevated endogenous and exogenous aldosterone is the suggested pathogenetic mechanism. Oral sodium chloride supplementation relieve the clinical symptoms and electrolyte distrubances. We experienced 2 cases of PHA type 1 in 38-day and 45-day old male infants who were presented with failure to thrive, vomiting and/or dehydration. Laboratory data showed hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypochloremia and metabolic acidosis. Renal and adrenal functions were normal. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were markedly elevated. Under the diagnosis of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, oral supplementation of NaCl and/or kayexalate improved the clinical states of the patients.
Acidosis ; Aldosterone ; Dehydration ; Diagnosis ; Failure to Thrive ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia ; Hyponatremia ; Infant ; Male ; Plasma ; Pseudohypoaldosteronism* ; Renin ; Sodium Chloride ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Creatinine* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Parturition*