OBJECTIVETo estimate the cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2004 - 2005 based on available resources.

METHODSThe cancer mortality and incidence ratios were obtained on the basis of national cancer registration database in 2003 and 2004 adjusted by age and area. The crude cancer mortalities were retrieved from the database of the third national death survey 2004-2005. Incidence rates of specified cancer types were calculated using mortality and M/I ratios.

RESULTSThe total estimated cancer incidence and mortality per year in 2004 - 2005 were 2 596 112 new cases and 1 798 147 deaths, both were higher in males than in females. There were 1 337 227 new cases and 841 860 deaths in urban areas compared with 1 258 885 new cases and 956 287 deaths in rural areas. Cancers of the lung, stomach, liver, esophagus and colorectum/anus were the commonest cancers in China with 483 040, 428 380, 370 236, 236 589 and 197 873 new cases, respectively. Those five cancers were leading causes of cancer death with a number of 420 411, 339 308, 318 756, 190 233 and 101 684, respectively.

CONCLUSIONCancer burden in China is getting more and more serious. It is imperative to enhance effective cancer prevention and control in China.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Lung Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Poisson Distribution ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Population ; Sampling Studies ; Sex Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; mortality ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Registries

Objective To explore the impact of advanced glycation end-products ( AGEs) on matrix metalloproteinase 2 ( MMP-2) expression in cultivated INS-1 cells. Method INS-1 cells were cultivated and MMP-2 expression was analyzed. Glycated serum was prepared for incubating with INS-1 cell. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry. The intracelluar MMP-2 expression was analyzed by RT-PCR, realtime PCR and Western blot. The MMP-2 cDNA was expressed in cultivated INS-1 cells. Result The level of ROS treated with AGEs was significantly higher than that in the control( P<0.05 ) , and the levels of MMP-2 and its protein expressions turned out as well( P<0. 05). Conclusion The results suggest that MMP-2 was expressed in INS-1 cells. Increased MMP-2 expression in ?cells may be induced by AGEs, suggesting that MMP-2 might play an important role in oxidative stress-mediated islet injury.

Objective To study factors used to predict 30-day mortality and favorable outcomes to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in young adult subjects and to estimate the reliability of these predictors.Methods Data of 175 acute ICH patients selected from 201 patients admitted to our hospital from 2008 to 2011 were reviewed retrospectively.Patients were assessed with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and routine laboratory examinations after admission.Independent predictors of 30-day mortality or good outcome (modified Rankin score,0-2) were identified by stepwise logistic regression.Results There were 90 male and 85 female,and 142 survivals and 33 deaths.The modified Rankin score (mRS) of survival group was ＜6 and mRS =6 in death group,and mRS ＜3 in good outcome group and mRS ＞ or =3 in poor outcome group.Independent factors for 30-day mortality were hypertension (P =0.023) or hyperglycemia (P =0.007),infra-tentorial ICH (P =0.000),large ICH volume (P =0.008),low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores (P =0.000),high white blood cell count (P =0.000),higher blood glucose level (P =0.039) and prothrombin time (PT) (P =0.001) after admission.Independent factors for 30-day good outcome were younger age (P =0.001),normal blood pressure (P=0.010) or absence of hyperglycemia (P=0.028),lower NIHSS scores (P=0.000),small ICH volume (P =0.000),low white blood cell (WBC) count (P =0.000),lower blood glucose level (P =0.012) or lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) level (P =0.000) at admission.The NIHSS score and GCS score were excellent predictors,while the SBP level,WBC count and ICH volume were fine predictors.Conclusions Overall prognostic factors should be integrated to get high reliabilities for predicting the outcomes of ICH in young people.

Objective To observe the effect of propofol on cognitive functions and hippocampus tissue in hyperlipidemia aged rats.Methods Seventy-six aged male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into basal diet with propofol injection (group PI), basal diet with normal saline injection(group N1), high-fat diet with propofol injection (group P2) and high-fat diet with normal saline injection (group P2), with 19 rats in each group.Eight weeks later,group P1 and P2 received intraperitoneal injection of propofol 100 mg · kg-1 · d-1 for 5 days.While in group N1 and N2, rats received the same intraperitoneal injection of equal volume normal saline.One day after the last injection, escape latency and space exploration were detected by Morris water maze in the next six days.One hour after the last water maze test, the serum and hippocampus were sampled to detect the expression of beta-amyloid protein and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts(RAGE) by immunohistochemical method and ELISA respectively.Results In place navigation tests,the escape incubation period(98.20±25.40)s in group P1 was obviously longer than that in N 1 group (47.50± 11.08) s (P＜ 0.01).Compared with P2 (99.79 ± 20.38) s, escape incubation period was shortened in N2 (50.70± 20.55) s (P＜ 0.05).There was no significantly difference between N2 and N1 (P＞0.05), while the escape incubation period in group P2 was longer than P1 (P＜ 0.05).In spatial probe test,platform passing number ((2.86 ±1.46)times) in group P1 were less than that in N1 group ((7.50± 1.70) times, P＜0.05).In group N2, the platform passing number ((6.60 ±3.91) times) were more than those in group P2 ((1.16 ±1.16)times, P＜0.05) while there was no significant difference between group N1 and N2 (P＞0.05).Times of crossing platform in group P2 were less than that in P1 group (P＜0.05).Compared with group N1((147.83±60.88) ng/L) and N2((152.73±87.50) ng/L) ,the expression of RAGE protein was increased in group P1((629.89±110.33) ng/L) and P2((229.89±53.20) ng/L) (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between N1 and N2 groups(P＞0.05) ,while the expression of RAGE protein in P1 group was lower than that of P2(P＜0.05).In immunohistochemical test, positive expression cells in P1 ((18.49± 1.53) and P2 (25.67±3.08)) were higher than that in group N1(9.33±2.31) and group N2(12.14±2.52) (P＜0.05) ,while there was no significant difference between group N1 and N2(P＞0.05).Conclusions Anesthetic dose of propofol can injure spatial learning and memory ability in aged rats.Hyperlipidemia might act synergistically with propofol.

Escherichia coli AFP111 is a spontaneous mutant with mutations in the glucose specific phosphotransferase system (ptsG) in NZN111 (delta pflAB deltaldhA). In AFP111, conversion of xylose to succinic acid generates 1.67 molecule of ATP per xylose. However, the strain needs 2.67 molecule ATP for xylose metabolism. Therefore, AFP111 cannot use xylose due to insufficient ATP under anaerobic condition. Through an atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) jet, we got a mutant strain named DC111 that could use xylose under anaerobic condition in M9 medium to produce succinic acid. After 72 h, DC111 consumed 10.52 g/L xylose to produce 6.46 g/L succinic acid, and the yield was 0.78 mol/mol. Furthermore, the reaction catalyzed by the ATP-generating PEP-carboxykinase (PCK) was enhanced. The specific activity of PCK was 19.33-fold higher in DC111 than that in AFP111, which made the strain have enough ATP to converse xylose to succinic acid.
Atmosphere ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Industrial Microbiology ; Metabolic Engineering ; Mutation ; Plasma Gases ; pharmacology ; Succinic Acid ; metabolism ; Temperature ; Xylose ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immuno-modulatory effect of short course administration of somatostatin (stilamin) continuously at early stage in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODS: Thirty-nine patients with SAP (22 men, 17 women; the middle age was 49 years)were randomly allocated into control group (20 patients treated with non-surgical integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine) and treatment group (19 patients treated with somatostatin administered intravenously at a dosage of 250 mug/h for consecutive 72 hours as well as the treatment for the control group). Laboratory parameters, including the expressions of CD(3), CD(4) and CD(8) in lymphocytes (tested by flow cytometry) and C reactive protein (CRP), and indexes of therapeutic effect, including the occurrence of organic dysfunction, local complication and mortality between the two groups were compared. Another group of 30 healthy volunteers (19 men, 11 women; the middle age was 47 years) were recruited for testing the normal levels of CD(3), CD(4) and CD(8). RESULTS: (1) The levels of CD(3), CD(4) and CD(4)/CD(8) in lymphocytes before treatment in both groups were significantly lower than those in the healthy subjects (P<0.05), but there were no statistical differences between the two groups. At the 4th day, CD(3), CD(4) and CD(4)/CD(8) increased significantly in the treatment group (P<0.05) while no changes in the control group; the levels of CD(4) and CD(4)/CD(8) in the treatment group were also higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). (2) The CRP levels of the 2 groups showed no statistical difference before and 4 days after the treatment, but the CRP level in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group at the 7th day (P<0.05). WBC count, serum levels of amylase, lipase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, as well as the score of APACHE II in the treatment group recovered more quickly than those in the control group (P<0.05). (3) The occurrences of organic dysfunctions, local complications and mortality in both groups were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: The short course administration of somatostatin continuously at early stage can reduce the inflammatory response, up-regulate the cell immune function and improve the conditions of the patients with SAP, but its effect on mortality and morbidity needs further study.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; Registries

Objective To investigate the fluctuation of the iodine deficiency disorders(IDD) through continuous monitoring on it. Methods During 2005-2008, 10 monitoring countis (city,district) of IDD were selected in Jiangxi Province. Five townships were selected in each monitoring county, one school was selected in each townships, and 40 students in 8-10 years old from each school were selected to inspect their thyroid glands and determined the idodine content of salts from their home. Among the 40 students, 20 of which were selected to determine the intelligence quotient(IQ) and 6 of which were selected to determine urine iodine. Thirty pregnant women were also selected to determine the urine iodine in each monitoring county. Twenty students of 5th grade in each school and 5 housewives living nearby the school were selected to carry out the questionnaire survey of health education about IDD. Results Monitoring results showed the average goiter rote of 8-10 years old students was between 2.00% and 4.60% during 2005-2008. The rate of IQ of the students higher than 90 was all above 76% each year. The median of urine iodine of students and pregnant women was higher than 100 μg/L, and the proportion of people whose urine iodine content was lower than 50 μg/L was below 4% each year. The rate of inhabitant taking qualified idodine salt wasn't lower than 95%. The pass rate of the questionnaire survey of health education about IDD was between 11.67% and 43.50% in students and 92.50%-99.60% in housewives. Conclusions The situation of iodine deficiency in Jiangxi Province has been greatly improved, reaching the standard of eliminating IDD.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of Liujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills in treating the radioactive duodenitis and their mechanism, and compare with clinical routine acid suppressants combined with mucous membrane protective preparations to study the mechanism of their efficacy.

METHODAccording to the study of Williams J P and characteristics of duodenitis, and by reference to the radiation enteritis modeling standard, we took the lead in establishing the mouse radioactive duodenal injury model. The model mice were randomly divided into the control group (n = 26), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (n = 16) and the western medicine (oral administration with famotidine 0.5 mL + almagate suspension 0.3 mL per mouse, once a day) group (n = 16). After the standard administrating, such objective indexes as general condition, weight, changes in health score, pathology and expression of inflammatory factors were observed to evaluate the efficacy.

RESULTThe radioactive duodenitis model of mice was successfully established with 12 Gy. Mice in the control group suffered from weight loss, anorexia, low fluid intake, loose stools, and occasionally mucous bloody stool, poor spirit, dim fur, lack of exercise and arch back. Mice in drug intervention groups were generally better than those in the pure irradiation group. The IL-6, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha mRNA expressions in spleen and mesenteric lymph node tissues in TCM and western medicine groups showed a declining trend compared with the control group. Their concentrations in peripheral blood serum also slightly changed. The TCM group revealed notable advantage in reducing inflammatory factors. The microscopic observation showed that a better mucosa repair in intervention groups than the pure irradiation group. The improved Chiu's scoring method showed a statistical significance in the difference between TCM and western medicine groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLiujunzi decoction combined with Zuojin pills could treat acute radiation enteritis, regulate organic immunity, and inhibit acute injury, promote local tissue repair, with the potential to resist such adverse effects as radiation intestinal fibrosis. The regulation of inflammatory factor release is one of efficacy generation mechanisms.

Animals ; Cobalt Radioisotopes ; adverse effects ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Duodenitis ; blood ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-1beta ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mucous Membrane ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Radiation Injuries, Experimental ; blood ; drug therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood