The hand is a part of the human body, which has a complex structure, various functions and is one of the parts of the body most susceptible to trauma. With the increasing number of the traffic and occupational accidents proportionate to the rapld development of modern culture, fracture of the hand have become one of the commonest fracture of the human body. The object of treatment of fracture of the hand is to restore function the greatest degree possible with exact diagnosis and proper treatment based on the knowledge of anatomical structure and function. The authors have reviewed 228 cases of fractures of the hand (fracture with severe soft tissue injury were excluded) which were treated in the department of orthopedic surgery, Severance hospital from 1969 to 1978. The following results were obtained; 1. Fractures occured more commonly In man (80.3%) than woman. 2. Fractures occured more commonly in the second decade and the group between 10 and 30 years of age accounted for 73.7% of all fractures. 3. There was no significant differnnce between the left and right side. (105:123) 4. The commonest cause of the fracture was traffic accident (38.6%), machinary injury was the second (21.1%). 5. Most of the patients were brought to our hospital within 12 hours after injury (61.8%). 6. The most frequently fractured bone was the metacarpal (34.4%), then the proximal phalanx (28.1%), distal phalanx (16.9%), middle phalanx (10.5%) in decreasing frequency. 7. The average time for clinical union was 4.2 weeks in the case of the distal phalanx, 6.8 weeks in middle phalanx, 7.3 weeks in proximal phalanx and 6.5 weeks in metacarpal. 8. Complications were found in 8.3% of all cases and angulation deformlty was the most frequent.
Accidents, Occupational ; Accidents, Traffic ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hand ; Human Body ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Soft Tissue Injuries

Soft tissues, which are widespread in body, are derived from a common primitive mesenchyme and the tumors arising from them tend to closely resemble the prototype tissue in varying degree. Some soft tissue tumors have benign course, which can be cured by local excision and the other have malignant course being resistant to therapy and resulting in recurrence to other organ of tissues. The authors reviewed 279cases of soft tissue tumors which had been treated at Department of Orthopedic Surgery in Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine from January 1983 to December 1987. 1. Among 279cases of soft tissue tumors, 257(92.1%) were benign and 22(7.9%) were malignant. 2. Benign soft tissue tumors were common two times in female, and malignant tumors were relatively common in male. 3. Common sites of soft tissue tumors were 92 csses about the knee, 69 csses in the hand and wrist, 44 cases in the foot, 26 cases in the leg, 15 cases in the thigh, 14 cases about the elbow, 10 cases in the arm and foresrm. 4. The most common benign tumors was ganglion which was followed by Baker's cyst, hemangioma, fibromatosis, lipoma, epidermal cyst in decreasing order of incidence. Among malignant tumors, fibrosarcoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant schwannoma, synovial sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma were common. 5. Most of the benign tumors was taken by locsl excision, and malignant tumors were were trested by wide resection with combination of chemotherapy. 6. Local recurrences of benign tumors were developed in 26(10.1%) out of 257cases, especially in fibromatosis and hemangioma.
Arm ; Clinical Study ; Drug Therapy ; Elbow ; Epidermal Cyst ; Extremities ; Female ; Fibroma ; Fibrosarcoma ; Foot ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hand ; Hemangioma ; Histiocytoma, Malignant Fibrous ; Humans ; Incidence ; Knee ; Leg ; Leiomyosarcoma ; Lipoma ; Male ; Mesoderm ; Neurilemmoma ; Orthopedics ; Popliteal Cyst ; Recurrence ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Thigh ; Wrist

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the significance of increased bone density according to whether bone grafts were applied using demographic data with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and to compare the bone densities between before and after implant prosthesis using the Hounsfield index. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six randomly selected computed tomography (CT) scans were used for the analysis. The same sites were evaluated digitally using the Hounsfield scale with V-Implant 2.0(TM), and the results were compared with maxillary posterior bone graft. Statistical data analysis was carried out to determine the correlation between the recorded Hounsfield unit (HU) of the bone graft and implant prosthesis using a Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Matched-pairs test. RESULTS: The bone grafted maxillary posterior teeth showed an increase in the mean values from-157 HU to 387 HU, whereas non-grafted maxillary posterior teeth showed an increase from 62 HU to 342 HU. After implantation, the grafted and non-grafted groups showed significantly higher bone density than before implantation. However, the grafted group showed significantly more changes than the non-grafted group. CONCLUSION: Bone density measurements using CBCT might provide an objective assessment of the bone quality as well as the correlation between bone density (Hounsfield scale) and bone grafts in the maxillary molar area.
Bone Density ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Dental Implants ; Molar ; Prostheses and Implants ; Tooth ; Transplants

PURPOSE: Use of inappropriate statistical methods may lead to incorrect conclusions and a waste of valuable resources. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency and the types of several common statistical errors in the published articles of the Journal of the Korean Academy of Prosthodontics (JKAP) for a 5-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 336 articles in the JKAP published from 2006 to 2010, 255 articles using statistics were reviewed and classified by statistical method and year. The frequency and types of the statistical methods were examined, and the statistical errors were evaluated by the appropriateness of the experimental design, assumption check, independent outcomes, proper sample size and suitable use of statistical method. Statistical guidelines were completed based on the appropriateness. RESULTS: Of the 255 articles using statistics, 193 articles (75.9%) used inferential statistics and 153 articles used SPSS statistical software (60.0%). Of the articles using inferential statistics, the three most frequently used statistical methods were ANOVA (41.5%), t-test (20.0%), and the nonparametric method (16.9%). The average rate of statistical errors was 61.2 percent, similar to the rate reported by several studies completed for the medical journal. CONCLUSION: After the whole analysis of the difference among the groups, post-hoc tests for the pairwise comparisons are required. The optimal sample size calculation is an essential part of this study protocol. To minimize the occurrence of statistical errors, statistical guidelines were developed according to each statistical test procedure and will contribute to the academic improvement in the JKAP.
Prosthodontics ; Research Design ; Sample Size

No abstract available.
beta 2-Microglobulin* ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic*

We have expierenced a rare case of coloboma of the lower lid combined with epidermoid ine lusion cyst. We removed the epidermoid inclusion cyst and repaired the coloboma with ocr a new techniqe using a triangular flap and achieved satisfactory result. We reviewed the literatures and discused this rare case.
Coloboma*

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to evaluate the safety and the efficacy of fosinopril(Monopril(R)) in the treatment of mild to moderate essential hypertension. METHOD: Fosinopril(10mg) once a day was administrated as a starting dose in 20 patients with essential hypertension in the morning and a one step upward titration was performed(fosinopril 20mg once a day, after 4 weeks treatment). RESULT: After 2 weeks treatment with dose of 10mg, the systolic blood pressure(SBP) was decreased(183.8+/-28.5 vs, 161.5+/-25.9mmHg, p<0.05) and the diastolic blood pressure(DBP) was also decreased significantly(108.3+/-9.3 vs, 96.6+/-10.3mmHg, p<0.05). The effect of fosinopril were maintained. The SBP an DBP were decreased in 14 out of 20 patients till 8 weeks. There was no significant change in heart rate before and after fosinopril treatment(74.3+/-10 vs, 76.4+/-7.9beats/min). Fosinopril had no significant effects on laboratory findings such as serum creatinin, BUN, AST/ALT, WBC, Platelet and lipid profiles. Mild dry coughing was noticed only in 5 patients and it did not disturb continuing medication. CONCLUSION: Fosinopril is an effective antihypertensive agent, as monotherapy once a day in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.
Blood Platelets ; Cough ; Fosinopril* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension*

Colonic duplication is a rare congenital anomaly of the alimentary tract. In most cases, symptomatic duplications of the colon are recognized and treated by childhood. It is uncommon for these lesions to be detected in the adulthood since they present with vague symptoms if at all. We experienced a case of asymptomatic tubular duplication of the transverse colon in a 40-year-old female. Barium enema revealed a tubular duplication of the transverse colon. The duplicated segment arose from the mid ascending colon and incorporated just proximal to the splenic flexure, running parallel to the transverse colon and communicating with it at both ends. Colonoscopy demonstrated a normal colonic mucosa in the duplicated segment. The diameter of its lumen gradually narrowed proximally and the colonoscope could not be passed through the proximal opening of the segment. The patient did not need any treatment. Duplications of the alimentary tract can be found at any age. The possibility of congenital lesions in the adult population should not be overlooked.
Adult ; Colon, Transverse/*abnormalities/radiography ; Colonoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa/cytology

Antrochoanal polyp (ACP) usually appears as a large, soft, gelatinous mass in the nasopharynx. Recently, ACP is considered as a separate entity among sinonasal polyps. Histologically, the antral part of the polyp can be cystic or polypoid with a fibrous and solid choanal part. However, the extent of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses has not well been demonstrated. In addition, pathologic patterns of ACP have not been well revealed. The aim of our study is to evaluate the disease patterns of ACPs by clinical and pathologic analysis. Thirty two patients with ACPs were evaluated by a retrospective study. We evaluated sinus involvement by operative findings and pathologic patterns were investigated in 28 cases by predominant infiltrating cells and types of polyp. In order to evaluate the histologic differences between the antral and choanal portion, each A CP was divided into proximal and distal portion. The involved sinuses were multiple and diverse and the most of them had a polyp. The most common pathologic type was chronic inflammatory polyp. Lymphocyte and neutrophil were visualized in many ACPs predominantly. The histologic differences between the proximal and distal portion was not observed significantly. Clinical analysis suggest that ACPs are not sole polyp but mixed disease with inflammation of the nose and sinuses in most cases. Histologic analysis suggest that ACPs are caused by chronic inflammation in many cases and each portion of ACPs is composed of the same histologic type.
Gelatin ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Nasopharynx ; Neutrophils ; Nose ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Polyps* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: Several reports suggest that enhanced generation or actions of nitric oxide (NO) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of glomerular hyperfiltration and hyperperfusion that occurs in early diabetes. However, the precise role of altered NO generation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy is unclear. The present study was aimed at investigating the role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of glomerular hyperfiltration and hyperperfusion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS: To evaluate the role of NO in diabetic hyperfiltration, we measured plasma and urine concentrations of NO2-/NO3-, stable metabolic products of NO and protein expressions of three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. We also investigated renal hemodynamic changes, such as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF), in responses to acute and chronic administration of NO synthesis inhibitor, nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), in diabetic and control rats. RESULTS: Diabetic rats exhibited significantly elevated plasma and urinary NO2-/NO3- levels at 28 days after streptozotocin injection, and total excretion of NO2-/NO3- was approximately five-fold higher in diabetic rats than controls. Insulin and L-NAME treatment prevented the increases in plasma and urinary NO2-/NO3- concentrations in diabetic rats, respectively. The three isoforms of NOS (bNOS, iNOS, and ecNOS) were all increased in the renal cortex, whereas they remained unaltered in the renal medulla at day 28. GFR and RPF were significantly elevated in diabetic rats, and acute and chronic inhibition of NO synthesis by L-NAME attenuated the renal hemodynamic changes (increases in GFR and RPF) in diabetic rats, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: NO synthesis was increased due to enhanced NOS expression in diabetic rats, and chronic NO blockade attenuated renal hyperfiltration and hyperperfusion in diabetic rats. In addition, diabetic rats exhibited enhanced renal hemodynamic responses to acute NO inhibition and excreted increased urinary NO2-/NO3-. These results suggest that excessive NO production may contribute to renal hyperfiltration and hyperperfusion in early diabetes.
Animal ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications ; Diabetic Nephropathies/physiopathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies/etiology* ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Male ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide/biosynthesis* ; Nitric-Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Renal Circulation/drug effects ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't