The detection of renal disorders now involves a series of complicated diagnostic procedure such as radiologic pyelography, function studies in laboratory and others These add up to a painful, expensive, and time consuming experience for the patient, others may be spared the discomfort of unnecessary. Consequently, the development of methods for preliminary screening of patients is significant both with regard to the diagnostic information obtained and to the selection of those patients requiring complete urologic work up. In particular, a reliable screening test is important in establishing or ruling out renal pathology as an underlying factor in hypertension the finding of a disorder of one kidney in the hypertensive patient may be at indication for nephrectomy or other surgical measures of renal artery. A positive preliminary investigation warrants precise diagnosis by aortography and confirmation by individual renal clearance tests. Finally the primary objective of the screening test is the restriction of more exacting procedures such as aortography with its inherent risk of serious complications to the preoperative evaluation of a demonstrated lesions. The visualization of an internal structure by determining the spatial distribution of a gamma radiation-emitting isotope was started in 1950 when Cassen and his associates utilized newly developed scintillation counters to print mechanically the spatial distribution of radioactive iodine in the thyroid gland. Visual and functional informations referable to each kidney separately may be obtained by radioisotopes and tracer or by scanning techniques rapidly and without trauma. The renogram or tracing of the renal uptake and excretion of a labeled contrast medium is a clinically useful measure of renal vascularity, tubular cell function, and the patency of the upper urinary passage, and especially valuable as a screening test for the hypertensive patient with suspected unilateral disease of the kidney. Similarly, scanning images are achieving an important place in medical diagnosis of irregularities effecting the kidneys and other specific organs. Radioactive contrast media, such as I131 labeled diodrast, miokon, Urokon, or hippuran have been widely used for renal function studies. They are entirety unsatisfactory, however, for renal scintillation scanning because they are rapidly excreted by the kidneys without retention in the renal parenchyma in contrast but mercurial diuretics labeled with radioactive mercury are concentrated to a high degree in the renal tubular cells, chiefly in the cortex, prior to their appearance in the urine (Borghgraef 1956.MaAfee and Wagner 1960). Following the report of these letter writers, scintillation scanning of the kidney after the intravenous injection of Hg Neohydrin have been widely used in urological clinics for preliminary screening method of renal disease such as delineating the parenchyma of the kidney and space-occupying lesions by Krevitz, Berk, and others(Reley, Blahd, Mins, Morgan, Kuhl, Bender, Simmons, Blau, Kim) and remained several problems which is anticipated to improvements in resolution for further using of renal scan. The main purposes of this experimental study were: 1) to learn at which period of time it is best to visualize the renal parenchyma following the intravenous administration of Hg Neohydrin, 2) to learn the minimal detectable size of space-occupying lesion within the kidney phantom, and 3) to compare the renal scan with aortography and pyelography on various period of hydronephrosis for visualization of renal parenchyma, 4) to compare the renal scan with aortography on various degree of narrowing of the renal artery for visualization of renal parenchyma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These experiments have been performed on 17 normal adult mongrel dogs anesthetized with intravenous injection of sodium amycal. Ofthese 3 dogs were used for determining the optimal time of visualization of the renal parenchyma. 8 dogs for the visualization of the parenchyma of hydronephrotic kidneys as created by partial ligation of the left ureter for the period of 1. 2. 3 and 4 weeks as devided in 4 groups, and 6 dogs were used for the visualization of the narrowed renal artery produced by partial obstruction to various degrees. A wax phantom of the kidney was utilized for the study of detectable minimal size of the intrarenal space occupying lesion, the phantom measures 12.5 X 6.2 X 3.5cm. All animals underwent renal scintiacan received 80 microcuri of Hg neohydrin intravenously, they were placed in a prone position and the study was carried out using a Nuclear-Chicago dual scanner with a 62-hole coarse focusing collimator containing a 3x3 inch sodium iodide crystal, the collimator was passed back and forth over the target are at a rate of 12-15cm, per minute. The scan usually required 30 minutes for complete of scan. The pyelography was performed in retrograde way with 30% diodrast injected through ureteral catheter and the amount of dye injected was adjusted to replace the urine from renal pelvis. The aortography was performed by transfemoral arterial catheterization technique as described by Seldinge. RESULTS: 1. The optimal opacification period of renal parenchyma after injection of Hg 203 neohydrin was found to range from 1 to 6 hours 2. By kidney phantom study it was demonstrated that the space-occupying lesion measuring 2cm. in diameter can not be detected on scan. While the lesion measuring 3cm, or more can be successfully visualized. 3. The effect of partial obstruction of the ureter upon the renal scintiscan for visualization of renal parenchyma was not. dependable, the renal scintiscan continued to appear up to at least the 2 weeks after partial obstruction of ureter whereas the retrogredepyelography and aortography showed the definite picture of hydronephrosis to various degree. 4. The renal scan is inconsistent in many instances of renal artery stenosis, the scan showed a diminished concentration of mercury in the kidney with stenotic main renal artery and complete failure of visualization of the renal substance in cases with completely obstructed renal artery. 5. It is possible to demonstrate the value and usefulness of renal scan of Hg neohydrin as a routine preliminary screening test for renal pathology, the alteration of the concentration of the mercury can might be expected to give additional information.
Administration, Intravenous ; Adult ; Animals ; Aortography ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Contrast Media ; Diagnosis ; Diuretics ; Dogs* ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypertension ; Injections, Intravenous ; Iodine ; Iodopyracet ; Kidney ; Kidney Pelvis ; Ligation ; Mass Screening ; Nephrectomy ; Pathology ; Prone Position ; Radioisotopes ; Renal Artery ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; Scintillation Counting ; Sodium ; Sodium Iodide ; Thyroid Gland ; Ureter ; Urinary Catheters ; Urography

No abstract available.
Hemoptysis*

Prolactin is elevated in the serum of patients with cervical carcimomas. It is suggested that such edtopically secreteted prolactin may be a potential marker for detecting early occult tumors or gauging the effectiveness of therapy for human cervicla carcinoma. We have immunohistochemical study to investigate the presence or absence of prolactin in 16 cases of nrmal cervical tissues and 26 cases of neoplastic formalin fixed cervical tissues. The results were as follows. 1. All cases of 10 normal uterine cervical tissues and all cases of 5 squamous metaplasia of the cervix revealed positive reaction to prolactin antisera. 2. One case of four moderate dyplasia of the cervix revealed positive reacion to prolactin antisera. 3. One case of five squamous cell carcinoma in situof the cervix revealed positive reaction to prolactin antisera. 4. All cases of 10 keratinizing sqyamous cell carcinoma of the cervix revealed positive reaction to prolactin antisera, but only 1 case non-keratinizing sqyamous cell carcinoma of the cervix revealed positive reaction to prolactin antisera. The results are suggested that prolactin may play a some role in the developement and growth of the cervical carcinoma. But further stydy of the biologic actions of prolactin in many cervical tissues is warranted.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; Metaplasia ; Prolactin*

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

No abstract available.
Arginine ; Growth Hormone* ; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone ; Somatostatin

ICAM-l(Intercellular adhesion molecule-1) is an important early marker of immune activation and response. ICAM-1 is expressed on varous cell types and observed in a variety of diseases, including patients with asthma, melanoma, prostatic cancer, ovarian and colon cancer. Some authors demonstrated the expression of ICAM-1 protein in high-grade intraepithelial squamous neoplasia of cervix by immunohistochemistry and suggested that the expression was related to human papillomavirus infection. The aim of this study was to determine the serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, Serum levels of sICAM-1 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), We evaluate invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix (40), carcinoma in situ (16) and control (15) patients. Serum levels of sICAM-1 in healthy volunteers, in parients with carcinoma in situ and invasive cervical cancer were 150.1+/-41.3, 182.7+/-105.9, 189.8+/-60.0 ng/ml, respectively. Although the serum levels of sICAM-1 in patients with carcinoma in situ did not increase, serum levels of ICAM-1 in patients with invasive cervical cancer were significantly increased (control vs invasive cervical cancer, p < 0,05). From the above results, sICAM-1 is shed from the cancerous tissue in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.
Asthma ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Melanoma ; Papillomavirus Infections ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a* ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia*

No abstract available.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2a* ; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytohistologic correlation and the clinical significance among patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance(ASCUS), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion(HSIL) identified on cervical Pap smear screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologic reports of patients who have underwent cervical Pap smear screening at Korea university Ansan hospital from January 1997 to December 1998 were evaluated. Cytologic diagnosis was classified by the Bethesda System (TBS). Among these patients, the patients whose histologic diagnosis was established by cervical punch biopsy, LEEP, conization, and hysterectomy were targetted. Cytohistologic correlation were analysed in ASCUS, LSIL, and HSIL respectively. RESULTS: During 2 year period (1997-1998), total 3587 Pap smears were taken. The median rate of abnormal cytology was 7.2%, with 4.6% of ASCUS, 0.8% of LSIL, 1.3% of HSIL, and 0.5% of squamous cell carcinoma. The median ratio of ASCUS versus SIL was 2.2. Smears with ASCUS showed 46.9% with chronic cervicitis, 40.6% with LSIL(35.9% with koilocytotic atypia, 4.7% with mild dysplasia), 10.9% with HISL, and 1.6% with invasve squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. Smears with LSIL showed 38.1% with LSIL(9.5% with koilocytotic atypia, 28.6% with mild dysplasia), and 28.6% with HSIL on biopsy. Smears with HSIL showed 27.8% with LSIL, 63.9% with HSIL, and 8.3% with invasive squamous cell carcinoma on biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Smears with ASCUS showed 53.1% with SIL and cancer on biopsy. But most of theses cases revealed koilocytotic atypia rather than dysplasia, so conservative management such as repeated Pap smear is desirable. On the other hand, because smears with LSIL showed dysplasia rather than koilocytotic atypia on biopsy, more active management such as colposcopic directed biopsy is required.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Conization ; Diagnosis ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hand ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Uterine Cervicitis

BACKGROUND: After experimental cryogenic cerebral injury, severe focal brain contusion develops due to blood-brain barrier breakdown and vasogenic cerebral edema formation. This study has been conducted to find out the effects of hypertonic saline against cryogenic brain edema in rats. METHODS: Thirty rats of either sex weighing 250 to 300 g underwent a 60 seconds of cryogenic brain injury. All rats were randomly divided into one of three groups; control group (n = 10), 7.5% saline group (n = 10), and 10% mannitol group (n = 10). The water contents were measured 60 minutes after cryogenic injury by using the dry-weight method. RESULTS: The water contents in the 7.5% saline and 10% mannitol groups were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The levels of edema in the 7.5% saline and 10% mannitol groups were also significantly decreased compared with the control group. Although it appeared as if that 10% mannitol might decrease edema formation more than 7.5% saline, there were no statistical differences between the 7.5% saline and 10% mannitol groups. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertonic saline (7.5%) may be as effective agent to reduce edema formation after brain trauma to the same degree as mannitol.
Animals ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Brain Edema ; Brain Injuries* ; Brain* ; Edema* ; Mannitol* ; Rats*