No abstract available.
Pancytopenia*

Nasal bone fracture is the most common fracture among facial fractures. The nasal bone fracture has a very complex and infinitive variety but often is undermanaged only by closed reduction. The prognosis and outcome after operation had been reported by many surgeons and it's result is dependant upon many factors such as etiology, experience of surgeons, type of anesthesia and maintenance of fixation after surgery. In our study, we have grouped our fractures as favorable and unfavorable fractures. Favorable fractures are simple fractures that are easily reduced by closed reduction, whereas unfavorable fractures were fractures that remain unstable after reduction. In our opinion, the method of reduction and fixation after reduction plays an important role in unfavdrable fracture. We applied a new method of external fixation for unfavorable fractures After closed reduction to gain optimal reduction and maintenance.
Anesthesia ; Nasal Bone* ; Prognosis

No abstract available.
Biphasic Insulins

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate change in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), side effects, and quality of life (QOL) after a 16-week treatment period with Biphasic insulin aspart 30/70 (BIasp30) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who had been suboptimally controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). METHODS: The study consisted of a 4-week titration period when concurrent OAD(s) were replaced with BIasp30 and followed by a 12-week maintenance period. All patients completed the Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire at the beginning and the end of the trial. Hypoglycemic episodes were recorded by the patient throughout the trial. RESULTS: Sixty patients were included, of whom 55 patients (92%) completed the full 16-week treatment period. Seven-point blood glucose was significantly improved as compared with the baseline, except for the postlunch blood glucose level. HbA1c at the end of period was significantly improved from 9.2% to 8.2% (P<0.001). Eleven percent (n=6) of patients achieved HbA1c values < or =6.5% and 22% (n=12) of patients achieved <7.0%. There were 3.4 episodes/patients-year of minor hypoglycemia and 0.05 episodes/patients-year of major hypoglycemia. QOL showed significant changes only in the acceptability of high blood glucose category (P=0.003). CONCLUSION: Treatment with once or twice daily BIasp30 may be an option for the patients with T2DM suboptimally controlled with OADs in Korea. However, considering the low number of patients achieving the HbA1c target and the high postlunch blood glucose levels, additional management with another modality may be required for optimal control.
Biphasic Insulins ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Hypoglycemia ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Insulin Aspart ; Insulin, Isophane ; Korea ; Quality of Life

PURPOSE: DNA in most cell is regularly damaged by endogenous and exogenous mutagens. Unrepaired damage resulted in apoptosis or may lead to unregulated cell growth and cancer. Inheritance of genetic variants at one or more loci results in an reduced DNA repair capacity. These polymorphisms are highly prevalent in the population, and therefore the attributable risks for cancer could be high. Several studies have documented that polymorphisms of XRCC1, XPD and XRCC3 are associated with skin cancer, especially, XRCC1 among of them has been reported frequently. So, this study involves the relationship between mutation of XRCC1 of squamous cell and basal cell cancer of the skin and risk of cancer development in Korean population. METHODS: In case control study, study population (n=100, each cancer) is patients who were pathologically diagnosed as skin cancer(squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma) in Yonsei Wonju Christian Hospital and Bundang CHA General Hospital between 1998 and 2004. The samples of DNA from whom no history of premalignant skin lesion and other malignant diseases were reported belonged to the control group(n=210). Blood and tissue samples were analyzed for presence of XRCC1 Arg399Glu, Arg280His, Arg194Trp using PCR/ RFLP method. RESULTS: For Korean, there was a significant correlation between XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene mutation and risk of basal cell carcinoma development(Arg 399Gln(GA), p=0.012, OR=2.016, 95% CI; 1.230-3.305) /Arg399Gln (AA), p=0.011, OR=1.864, 95% CI; 1.149-3.026)). And, there was also significant correlation between XRCC1 Arg194Trp and risk of skin squamous cell carcinoma development (Arg194Trp (CT+TT), p=0.041, OR=0.537, 95% CI; 0.301-0.960)). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between XRCC1 Arg280His and risk of either basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma development. CONCLUSION: Our result present that XRCC1 Arg399 Gln in basal cell carcinoma and XRCC1 Arg194Trp in squamous cell carcinoma have possibility of cancer risk and biomarker in Korean population. But XRCC1 Arg280 His known having cancer risk on other studies is not associated with cancer risk to squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma in Korean population.
Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Case-Control Studies ; DNA Repair* ; DNA* ; Gangwon-do ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Mutagens ; Neoplasms, Basal Cell ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Skin Neoplasms ; Skin* ; Wills

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by Framingham risk score (FRS) who classified as "healthy group" by Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agent (KOSHA)' s cardiovascular risk assessment. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 1,781 male workers in a large steel company. Health status was obtained periodically through medical examinations and questionnaires. We assessed cardiovascular risk using KOSHA guidelines and calculated the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease using the Framingham risk score for those categorized to the "healthy group" by KOSHA guideline. A closer examination of cardiovascular risk factors was performed in 62 subjects paradoxically placed in the "healthy group" by KOSHA guidelines and the "high-risk group" by FRS. RESULTS: Among the "healthy group" by KOSHA's cardiovascular risk assessment, 230(15.8%) subjects had more than 3 CVD risk factors and 62(4.2%) subjects were high risk group (more than 20%) in 10-years risk of CVD by Framingham risk score. Modifiable risk factors included cigarette smoking (96.8%), high serum total cholesterol (82.3%), high serum triglyceride (66.1%), insufficient physical activity (66.1%), and obesity (58.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Among subjects with normal blood pressure, it seems that KOSHA guidelines underestimate CVD risk, identified by the Framingham risk score. For the effective prevention and management of CVD, modifiable risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, dyslipidemia, and obesity, need to be constructively controlled.
Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Dyslipidemias ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Occupational Health ; Questionnaires ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Steel

No abstract available.
Lymphoma, Large-Cell, Anaplastic

Fournier's gangrene is life-threatening disease characterized by abrupt onset of a rapidly progressive necrotizing soft tissue infection involving the perineum and scrotum. In Fournier's original descriptions, the disease arose in healthy subjects without an obvious cause. Despite controversy still surrounds its etiology, current studies identify definite urologic and colorectal causes with its combined disease in a majority of cases. We experienced cases of large scrotal and perineal defect caused by Fournier's gangrene. Aggressive and extensive debridement with a parenteral broad spectrum antimicrobial agents was executed at the important points to the treatment. The patient also received adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen was discussed. After control of infection and unavoidable loss of soft tissue, the major concern following Fournier's gangrene lies on the protection of the testicles and adequate volumetric scrotal appearance. The defect was successfully reconstructed with unilateral or bilateral gracilis muscle flap transposition and split- thickness skin graft. We present this article utilizing bilateral gracilis muscle flaps as an acceptable alternative in the approach to scrotal reconstruction in Fournier's gangrene.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Debridement ; Fournier Gangrene* ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Oxygen ; Perineum ; Scrotum ; Skin ; Soft Tissue Infections ; Testis ; Transplants

PURPOSE: This study was performed to investigate the differences in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in degenerative scoliosis compared with other degenerative disc disease of the spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The intervertebral disc materials were obtained during discectomies. Six, 13 and 12 cases of herniated nucleus pulposus, spinal stenosis and degenerative lumbar scoliosis, respectively, were included in the experimental group. The expression of MMP-3 was evaluated three times that of the means, in the immunohistochemical staining, western blotting using anti human MMP-3 antibody and RT-PCR with MMP-3 primer, respectively. RESULTS: On the immunohistochemical stains, extensive and strong staining was noted in the discs of degenerative lumbar scoliosis compared to those with spinal stenosis and HNP. In the western blotting, greater expression of MMP-3 was noted in the discs of degenerative lumbar scoliosis (mean optical density: 20.68) than in other degenerative disc diseases (SS: 6.24, HNP: 2.0). In the RT-PCR, a similar result was shown (DLS: 62.1, SS: 27.4 and HNP: 10.4). There were statistically significant differences between degenerative lumbar scoliosis and degenerative disc disease (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Rapid degeneration of the intervertebral disc might be an important factor in the pathogenesis of degenerative lumbar scoliosis. MMP-3 could be a key enzyme for the rapid degeneration of the intervertebral discs, especially in degenerative lumbar scoliosis.
Blotting, Western ; Coloring Agents ; Diskectomy ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Scoliosis* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine

Wernicke encephalopathy is an acute neurologic disorder attributable to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. We report the case of a 61-year-old female patient who presented Wernicke encephalopathy after surgery for pancreatic head cancer. From the ninth postoperative day, she had suffered from nausea and vomiting and had difficulties ingesting food, she was given total parenteral nutrition (TPN), but lacked adequate vitamin (thiamine) supplementation. After 28 days, she developed ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and mental confusion. The magnetic resonance image showed pathologic changes in the medial thalamus, periaqueductal gray matter, medulla and mamillary bodies. The blood level of thiamine was very low. After intravenous and oral supplementation of thiamine (200 mg/day), consciousness was soon normalized and neurologic symptoms have gradually been improving. Nausea and vomiting disappeared after administration of a low dose of mirtazapine (7.5 mg/day). We emphasize the importance of thiamine supplementation to the patients who suffer from vomiting which hinders them from taking food and who require prolonged TPN.
Ataxia ; Consciousness ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; Humans ; Mamillary Bodies ; Middle Aged ; Nausea ; Nervous System Diseases ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy* ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; Periaqueductal Gray ; Thalamus ; Thiamine ; Vitamins ; Vomiting* ; Wernicke Encephalopathy*