No abstract available.
Paranasal Sinuses*

No abstract available.
Decompression* ; Facial Nerve* ; Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome*

No abstract available.
Anterior Temporal Lobectomy* ; Seizures*

Cholesteatoma is a form of squamous metaplasia resulting in a collection of desquamated epithelium Cholesteatomas are commonly found in the ear, brain and less often in the intestinal tract, genitalia, skin and eye. They occur rarely in the urinary tract. Cholesteatoma of renal pelvis was first described by Rokitansky in 1861. Since then total 23 cases have been reported until now. The authors experienced the cholesteatoma of the renal pelvis incidentally in 11 years old male patient who had been chronically suffered from intermittent pair in the right upper quadrant, and report the case with review of the literatures.
Brain ; Child ; Cholesteatoma* ; Ear ; Epithelium ; Genitalia ; Humans ; Kidney Pelvis* ; Male ; Metaplasia ; Skin ; Urinary Tract

Cardiovascular changes induced by a variety of physiological, surgical or emotional stresses are associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activtity. Sympathetic stimulation lowers the ventricular resistance in patients with ischemic heart disease. Thus sympathoadrenal aetivation may play role in sudden cardiac death. We measured the catecholamine levels just before and after fiberoptic gastroscopy, The results were as follows: 1) Though there was no statistical significance, plama catecholamine levels tends to increase during and after fiberoptic gastroscopy. 2) Significant changes in mean blood pressure did not occur during and after fiberoptic gastroscopy. 3) Before fiberoptic gastroscopy, norepinephrine level of three hypertensive patients were lower than the levels of studied patients, But during and after fiberoptic gastroacopy, norepinephrine level increased by 3 times. 4) The highest norepinephrine level was 847 pg/ml and epinephrine level was 110 pg/ml. Though sympathetic response was enhanced by fiberoptic gastroscopy, norepinephrine level did not increase up to the level shown in myocardial infarction or severe exercise.
Blood Pressure ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Epinephrine ; Gastroscopy* ; Humans ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Norepinephrine ; Stress, Psychological ; Sympathetic Nervous System

Advances in gray scale ultrasonography have increased the usefulness of their modality in the clinical diagnostic method. Major improvements in the image resolution have greatly increased the diagnostic value of renal ultrasonography. The non-invasive and safe nature of ultrasound makes this technique ideal for accurate and quick evaluation. It has been well known facts that it is very difficult to obtain precise size, shape parenchymal thickness of the kidneys by conventional radiological techniques such as retrograde pyelography, antegrade percutaneous pyelography or arteriography and also the techniques are invasive to patients comparatively. Because of its simplicity, innocuousness and accurateness, diagnostic ultrasound is quite useful in the evaluation of functionally inactive kidney and should precede or be substitute for other aggressive technique. In those kidneys which remain unseen even after massive dose of dye, the ultrasound scan should be used before retrograde ureteral catheterization is undertaken. The author measured the size of kidney longitudinally, transversely and in thickness by ultrasonogram and compared with that of excretory urogram in 60 normal healthy persons and 32 cases of hydronephrosis. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The length of right kidney on ultrasonogram (11.4+/-0.55 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram (12.2+/-0.45 cm) and the difference was 0.8 cm (t value: 2.21, p<0.02), and the length of left kidney on ultrasonogram (11.9+/-0.42 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram (12.6+/-0.78 cm) and the difference was 0.7 cm (t value: 2.43. p<0.02). The width of right kidney on ultrasonogram (5.4+/-0.57 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram (6.3+/-0.61 cm) and the difference was 0.9 cm (t value: 1.75, p<0.1) and the width of left kidney on ultrasonogram (5.6+/-0.58 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram (6.3+/-0.49 cm) and the difference was 0.7 cm (t value: 1.82, p<0.1). The parenchymal depth of right kidney on ultrasonogram (2.2+/-0.48 cm) was larger than on excretory urogram (2.1+/-0.56 cm) and the difference was 0.1 cm (t value: 2.89, p<0.001), and the parenchymal depth of left kidney on ultrasonogram (2.1+/-0.54 cm) was alike on excretory urogram (2.1+/-0.57 cm) and there was no difference (t value: 2.31, p<0.05). 2. Among the 32 cases of hydronephrosis. 17 cases of hydronephrosis could be diagnosed by excretory urogram. In mild hydronephrosis, the length of kidney on ultrasonogram (12.2+/-0.56 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram (12.8+/-0.46 cm) and the difference was 0.6 cm, the width of kidney on ultrasonogram (6.1+/-0.27 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram (6.4+/-0.38 cm) and the difference was 0.3 cm, and the parenchymal depth of kidney on ultrasonogram (2.1+/-0.34 cm) was alike on excretory urogram (2.1+/-0.49 cm) and there no difference. In moderate hydronephrosis, the length of kidney on ultrasonogram(13.5+/-0.47 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram(14.2+/-0.67 cm)and the difference was 0.7cm, the width of kidneys no ultrasonogram(7.2+/-0.58 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram(7.8+/-0.73 cm) and the difference was 0.6cm, and the parenchymal depth of kidney on ultrasonogram(1.2+/-0.57 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram(1.47+/-0.27 cm)and the difference was 0.2 cm. In severe hydronephrosis, the length of kidney on ultrasonogram(15.7+/-0.39 cm)was smaller than on excretory urogram(16.6+/-0.53 cm) and the difference was 0.9cm, the width of kidney on ultrasonogram(8.8+/-0.46 cm) was smaller than on excretory urogram(9.5+/-0.48 cm)and the difference was 0.7 cm, and the parenchymal depth of kidney on ultrasonogram was 0.7+/-0.27 cm but could not be measured on excretory urogram. 3. Among 32 cases of hydronephrosis,15 cases of hydronephrosis were non-visualized kidney on excretory urogram. On them, the renal sized and parenchymal depth were measured accurately by ultrasonography. By reviewing the above results, the ultrasonography of kidney is useful in measurement of kidney size and can be substitute for invasive uroradiological methods in evaluation of patients with hydronephrosis.
Adult* ; Angiography ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis* ; Kidney* ; Ultrasonography* ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urinary Catheters ; Urography

The authors experienced a case of basosquamous cell carcinoma occuring in the eyelid, which was confirmed by the biopsy. Histological findings showed the infiltrating nests of malignant squamous cell with nests of basal cell infiltrating into the dermis. A huge ulcerating, infected lesion with irregular indurating border involved the entire lid and extended onto the orbital margin and nose with the nasolacrimal duct exposed. Because of the unusual case, it was felt that literatures review would be instructive.
Biopsy ; Dermis ; Eyelids* ; Nasolacrimal Duct ; Nose ; Orbit ; Ulcer

Acute arterial occlusion of the extremity may result from obstruction of an artery by embolism or by thrombosis in situ. This results in the sudden cessation of blood flow to an extremity. So immediate managements are required to prevent propagation of the clot and to restore blood flow to the ischemic extremity promptly. We report a case of a acute arterial occlusion which was developed during prolonged fasting. A 59-year-old male was transferred due to severe ischemic pain, coldness and loss of pulse in left lower extremity during fast. The arteriogram shows a complete obstruction of external iliac artery and non-visualization of femoral artery and popliteotibial artery in the left lower extremity. Selective intra-arterial urokinase thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty resulted in recannulation of obstructed artery and relief of symptoms.
Angioplasty ; Arteries ; Embolism ; Extremities ; Fasting* ; Femoral Artery ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Lower Extremity* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Thrombosis ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

No abstract available.
Typhoid Fever*

BACKGROUND: Bupivacaine is a potent, and commonly used, long acting local anesthetic. If accidentally injected into the systemic circulation, bupivacaine can cause lethal dysrhythmias and circulatory collapse. Attempts to treat bupivacaine induced cardiac toxicity have been varied and controversial, and they have not been very successful. The aim of this study was to investigate the electrophysiologic effects of bupivacaine in Purkinje fibers. METHODS: Effects of bupivacaine on the membrane potential were studied in 12 isolated canine Purkinje fibers. Purkinje fibers from ventricle were dissected and mounted in a tissue chamber perfused with Tyrode's solution. Transmembrane potentials recorded through glass microelectrodes filled with 3M KCI in the beating or quiescent Purkinje fibers during infusions of bupivacaine at concentratons of 3*10/-7M,10/-6M, 3*10/-6M,10/-5M, and 3*10/-5M. RESULTS: Bupivacaine reduced action potential druation in a dose-dependent manner. Bupivacaine produced a decrease in intracelullar sodium ion activity in driven(1Hz) and quiescent canine Purkinje fibers. Bupivacaine-induced hyperpolarizaton of diastolic membrane potential in quiescent Purkinje fibers was dose dependent, and the hyperpolarization by bupivacaine was attenuated by depolarization induced by high potassium extracellular concentration in part. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that bupivacaine decreases the fast inward sodium current, and inhibits pacemaker current in canine Purkinje fibers.
Action Potentials ; Bupivacaine* ; Glass ; Membrane Potentials* ; Membranes* ; Microelectrodes ; Potassium ; Purkinje Fibers ; Shock ; Sodium ; Sodium Channels