OBJECTIVES: To determine the complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and understand the related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in nurses and radiological technologists wearing a lead apron for radiation protection. METHOD: The study subjects were 192 nurses and radiological technologists who work at the cardiac catheterization room or angioroom in the department of radiology. A self-recording questionnaire was used to investigate the general characteristics, occupational characteristics, characteristics related to wearing a lead apron, and subjective musculoskeletal symptoms designed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). RESULTS: Complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms by NOISH were 51.0% in the upper /lower back, 49.0% in the shoulder, and 47.9% in the leg/knee/ankle. From multiple logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal symptoms of the shoulder were influenced by two-piece type apron and long time wearing an apron, symptoms of upper/lower back by long time wearing an apron, sex, higher average working hours per a day and short resting time, symptoms of leg/knee/ankle by long time wearing an apron, working career at the present department (cardiac catheterization room or angioroom) and short resting time. CONCLUSION: The complaint rates of the musculoskeletal symptoms were affected by the characteristics of wearing a lead apron for radiation protection such as wearing time and apron type. Therefore, it is suggested that the workers who are wearing an apron need the proper wearingtime and resting time, and suitable apron type and size for the body.
Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Catheterization ; Catheters ; Logistic Models ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Questionnaires ; Radiation Protection* ; Shoulder

No abstract available.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis*

Renal arterial embolization was induced experimentally in rabbits using autologous blood clot, Gelfoam, bariumsulfate, Ivalon(Polyvinyl alcohol)and ethanol. Microvascular changes were studied angiographically,microangiographically and histopathologically. The results were as follows: 1. The microangiographic findings ofrenal artery embolization were arterial occlusion, irregular arrangement, spiralling, dilatation, narrowing andcollateral vessel formation. 2. Recanalization of embolized vessels were noted after injection of autologous bloodclot and Gelforam only. 3. Collateral vessel formations were demonstrated in entire cases of renal arterialembolization (36/37). 4. After injection of Ivalon, recanalization of embolized vessel was not demonstrated butcollateral vessel formation were demonstrated microangiographically in all cases. 5 After injection of ethanol,collateral vessels were poorly developed microangiographically than other groups. 6. Embolic effect of ethanol wasnoted in central vessel but as well as in peripheral vessel. It was considered that ethanol is the most effectiveagent for permanent renal arterial occlusion.
Arteries ; Dilatation ; Ethanol ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; Rabbits

The neurotoxicity of nitrous oxide (N2O) is known to be mainly occurred by interference with action of vitamin B12. A 38-year-old male presented with progressive gait instability after recreational inhalational use of N2O for 2 months. Although spine magnetic resonance image showed typical subacute combined degeneration, nerve conduction study showed motor neuropathy that is atypical findings of vitamin B12 deficiency. This case suggests N2O-induced neuropathy can develop separately from a vitamin B12 deficiency.

The neurotoxicity of nitrous oxide (N2O) is known to be mainly occurred by interference with action of vitamin B12. A 38-year-old male presented with progressive gait instability after recreational inhalational use of N2O for 2 months. Although spine magnetic resonance image showed typical subacute combined degeneration, nerve conduction study showed motor neuropathy that is atypical findings of vitamin B12 deficiency. This case suggests N2O-induced neuropathy can develop separately from a vitamin B12 deficiency.

Authors analysed and present chest X-ray findings of serologically proven leptospirosis from Seoul NationalUniversity Hospital, either admitted or referred for serological verification, during recent 2 years. Radiologicalfindings were correlated with the lung specimen finding of experimentally induced leptospirosis in guinea pig. Theresults are as follows: 1. 24 cases(56%) showed positive X-ray findings. 2. Predominent radiological patterns ofinvolved lung were tiny dot, small nodule, rosette density in 11 cases, massive confluent consolidation in 4cases, and diffuse ill-defined veilly increased density in 9 cases. 3. Distribution of pulmonary lesions werebilateral (100%), non-lobar, non-segmental(95%), and there were conspicuous tendency of peripheral lungpredominence. 4. Extrapulmonary manifestation, such as pleural effusion or cardiomegaly was rare. 5. Pulmonarylesions resolved completely usually 5 to 10 days after their appearance. 6. From the gross and microscopicfindings of serially sacrified guinea pig's lung and a case of autopsy, authors conlcuded that fine dot-likedensity in chest X-ray was due to petechial hemorrhage in intraalveolar space at initial stage, growing up toressette density or confluent consolidation as the petechia extends to surrounding lung forming purpura andcoalescent hemorrhage.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Cardiomegaly ; Guinea ; Guinea Pigs ; Hemorrhage ; Leptospirosis ; Lung ; Pleural Effusion ; Purpura ; Seoul ; Thorax

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the parenting image of modern Korean society through modern novels published during in the stage of modern change in Korea. METHOD: The data were analyzed through latent content analysis. Modern Korean novels (N=138) written during the Korean modernization stage were chosen for analysis. Five categories and seventeen meaningful sub-categories were drawn out from 636 significant sentences. RESULTS: The parenting images expressed in modern Korean society were as follows: From the category of [Devotional love], 5 sub-categories were drawn: Hedgehog's love, Lavish love, Sacrificial care, Exertion of the mind, and Prayer for the future of their children. From the category of [Stern father and affectionate mother], 3 sub-categories were drawn: Stern and Strict father, Tender and loving mother, and Strong maternal love. From the category of [Enthusiasm for their children's education], 3 sub-categories were drawn: Sense of duty to provide good education for their children, Zeal for their children's education, and Satisfaction with their hard-working children. From the category of [The head of family], 3 sub-categories were drawn: Person who has the right to make decisions, Reliable protector, and Object of filial devotion. From the category of [sexual discrimination], 3 sub-categories were drawn: Preference and favoritism to sons, Attaching importance to education of sons, Regarding daughters as those who help support the family. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study will help to improve the basic understanding the parenting image and parent-child relationship in present day Korea.
Child ; Education ; Fathers ; Head ; Humans ; Korea ; Love ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Religion ; Social Change ; Child Health

OBJECTIVE: To identify the validity and reliability of the Korean version World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL)-BREF among people with physical impairments living in a community. METHODS: Participants listed in the community-based rehabilitation project were recruited from 45 public health centers. People with brain lesions or physical disabilities were selected. Respondents (n=750) filled out the Korean WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Obtained data were analyzed statistically to assess the internal consistency as well as the construct and discriminant validity. An exploratory factor analysis was also performed. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha for the total score was 0.839. The value for each domain ranged from 0.746 to 0.849. Pearson correlation coefficient between each domain ranged from 0.539 to 0.717. The highest correlation was between the psychological and physical domain. The item-domain correlation indicated a significant correlation with their original domains. A multiple regression analysis of each domain with two overall questions was performed. The psychological domain made the strongest contribution with the overall quality of life (unstandardized coefficient B=0.065, r2=0.437). When general health satisfaction was considered as a dependent variable, the physical domain most strongly contributed to the variable (unstandardized coefficient B=0.081, r2=0.462). Exploratory factor analysis yielded four factors in the WHOQOL-BREF, accounting for 55.29% of the variability. To assess the discriminant validity, a comparison of each domain with Modified Barthel Index (MBI) was conducted. There were highly significant changes across the MBI scores with the WHOQOL-BREF domains (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Korean WHOQOL-BREF is a valid and reliable tool to measure the quality of life for people with physical impairments. It has good internal consistency, construct validity and discriminant validity for the population. Further study with a stratified sample is needed.
Accounting ; Brain ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Public Health ; Quality of Life ; Reproducibility of Results ; World Health ; World Health Organization ; Surveys and Questionnaires